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Paris-Saclay University

Coordinates:48°42′42″N2°10′17″E/ 48.7117343°N 2.1712888°E/48.7117343; 2.1712888
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Paris-Saclay University
Université Paris-Saclay


Former name
University of Paris Sud XI
Paris Faculty of Sciences in Orsay
TypePublicresearch university
Establishedc. 1150University of Paris
1956University of Parisin Orsay
1971Paris-Sud University
2014As a community[1]
2019Replaces Paris-Sud University
ChancellorChristophe Kerrero (Chancellor of the universities of Paris)
PresidentProf. Camille GALAP[2]
Academic staff
10,500[3]
Students60,000[3]
Undergraduates5,400
Postgraduates23,300
6,000
Location
Orsay
,
Île-de-France
,
France

48°42′42″N2°10′17″E/ 48.7117343°N 2.1712888°E/48.7117343; 2.1712888
CampusMidsize city, 200 hectares (490 acres)
Websiteuniversite-paris-saclay.fr

Paris-Saclay University(French:Université Paris-Saclay) is a combinedtechnological research instituteandpublicresearch universityinOrsay,France.Paris-Saclay was established in 2019 after the merger of four technicalgrandes écoles,as well as several technological institutes, engineering schools, and research facilities; giving it fifteen constituent colleges with over 48,000 students combined.[4]

With the merger, the French government has explicitly voiced their wish to rival top American technological research institutes, such as theMIT.[5][6][7]The university has over 275 laboratories inparticle physics,[8]nuclear physics,[9][10]astrophysics,[11]atomic physicsandmolecular physics,[12]condensed matter physics,[13]theoretical physics,[14]electronics,nanoscienceandnanotechnology.[15]It is part of the largerParis-Saclaycluster, which is aresearch-intensiveacademic campus encompassing Paris-Saclay University, thePolytechnic Institute of Paris,combined with a business cluster for high-technology corporations.[16][17]Paris-Saclay notably also includes theInstitut des Hautes Études Scientifiques,where many contributions to the development of modern mathematics have been made, amongst them modernalgebraic geometryandcatastrophe theory.[18]

Paris-Saclay has two main campuses: the 495-acrePlateauurban campus,straddlingOrsay,Gif-sur-YvetteandPalaiseau(with theCampus Agro Paris-Saclay) and centered on theQuartier de Moulon;and the historic campus in the valley, centered around theChâteau de Launay,the university's former headquarters.[19]It also has several decentralized campuses, such as the medical campus inBicêtre HospitalatKremlin-Bicêtre,and the law faculty campus atSceaux.TheUniversity of Versaillesand theUniversity of Évry,both part of Paris-Saclay, have campuses inVersailles,Guyancourt,Vélizy-Villacoublay,Saint-Germain-en-LayeandÉvry-Courcouronnes.

As of 2021, 11Fields Medalistsand 4Nobel Prizewinners have been affiliated with the university and its associated research institutes.[20]

History

[edit]

In 2019, the Paris-Saclay University succeededUniversity of Paris-Sudfounded in 1971,[21]which itself succeeded toUniversity of Paris(inOrsay), foundedc. 1150.

The Paris-Saclay University was established in2015as a universities community (ComUE) and in2019as acollegiate university,with the aim to become a top-ranking, research-focused French university.

20th century

[edit]

University of Paris research centres in Orsay, on the Saclay plateau

[edit]
See also:University of Paris

AfterWorld War II,the rapid growth of nuclear physics and chemistry meant that research needed more and more powerful accelerators, which required large areas. TheUniversity of Paris,theÉcole Normale Supérieureand theCollège de Francelooked for space in the south of Paris nearOrsay.

As early as the1940s,the French physicistsIrène Joliot-CurieandFrédéric Joliot-Curie,professors at the Faculty of Science at theUniversity of Paris,had already envisaged decentralising the university to the southern suburbs ofParis,nearVersailles.In 1942, Irène Joliot-Curie even informed the university's rector of the existence of a potential site nearOrsay,on theSaclay plateau.

In the1950s,a number ofGrandes Ecolesand university research departments were set up in the immediate vicinity of theSaclay plateau.In1954,France decided to combine its participation inCERNwith the development of its ownnuclear physicsresearch.

In 1955, theUniversity of Parismoved into the Saclay plateau with the purchase of 50 hectares of land inOrsay.Irène Joliot-Curie proposed the creation of the Orsay Institute of Nuclear Physics, and construction work began in 1955. She died in 1956, and Frédéric became the Institute's first director. At the same time, the Orsay Linear Accelerator Laboratory (LAL) of theUniversity of Pariswas built.

The rapid increase of students and the teaching situation at theSorbonne(the main campus of the University of Paris) was becoming increasingly critical. So in 1958 it was decided to transfer some of the science teaching at the University of Paris toOrsay.

The University of Paris-Sud

[edit]
See also:University of Paris-Sud

In1965,the Orsay science campus officially became independent from theUniversity of Paris.After being theOrsay Faculty of Sciencesof the University of Paris, separate from the Paris Faculty of Sciences, it became a full university, theUniversity of Paris-Sud (Paris XI)in 1971. The Faculty of Sciences was joined by the Faculty of Medicine atKremlin-Bicêtre,the Jean Monnet Faculty of Law and Economics atSceauxand the Faculty of Pharmacy atChâtenay-Malabry,creating a multidisciplinary university in the south of Paris.

21st century

[edit]

TheCampus Paris-Saclayscientific cooperation foundation (FCS)

[edit]

In2007,a research and higher education hub was created inOrsayandSaclay.The hub has three founding members: theUniversity of Paris-Sud,theUniversity of Versaillesand the École normale supérieure de Cachan, the future ‘ENS Paris-Saclay’.[22]

The Château de Launay, former headquarters of the university, atOrsay,in June 2021.

In2008,the University of Paris-Sud and the University of Versailles were among the 21 winning institutions of the France'sPlan Campus,with which theSaclayresearch and higher education hub is associated. These institutions then embarked on a larger-scale cooperation, namely the creation of a collegiate university: the Université Paris-Saclay. The university project was launched following its validation by theFrench Ministry of Higher Education and Researchas part of the Campus Plan.[23]

TheCampus Paris-Saclayscientific cooperation foundation, chaired at the time byAlain Bravo,was set up to bring together the various academic and scientific establishments, manage theDigiteoandTriangle de la physiqueadvanced research thematic networks (RTRA) and create the community.[24]With the planned development of theParis-Saclaytechnology hub, many institutions are planning to move there.[25][26]

The university system 'Université Paris-Saclay'

[edit]

In2014,the various members adopted the statutes of the Paris-Saclay University system (ComUE), enabling it to award bachelor's, master's and doctoral degrees. Ultimately, theuniversity systemis to become a full university.

Theuniversity system's first academic year started in September 2015.[27]

In order to be recognized as an entity of sufficient size and quality, the university regroups some of the topgrandes écolesin France with public universities under a single campus on theSaclay plateau.Each member institution will remain independent but share a significant portion of existing and newly invested resources. This follows a model similar to the one adopted byUniversity of OxfordandCambridge,where each constituent college keeps its independence while being grouped under a 'university'.[17]According to Dominique Vernay, chairman of the foundation developing Paris-Saclay, the university aims at a top-ten position in theAcademic Ranking of World Universities(ARWU), but "the first goal is to be the top university in continental Europe".[5]

Confronted with disagreements between its members (between the schools and universities, or between their supervisory ministries), the project stagnated, as theCour des Comptesnoted in its report of 8 February 2017, pointing in particular to a lack of housing and transport facilities, as well as a lack of strategic vision, despite the five billion euros planned (committed or envisaged).[28][29][30]In2017,theUniversity of Paris-Sudproposed merging with theuniversity system(ComUE) to create the Paris-Saclay University as acollegiate university,and integrating the schools into the future institution as component institutions.[31]This stalemate led PresidentEmmanuel Macronto announce on 25 October 2017, during his inauguration ofCentraleSupélec's new buildings at Paris-Saclay, the separation of the various members into two university entities: the Paris-Saclay University and thePolytechnic Institute of Paris.[32][33][34]

On 25 October 2017, French PresidentEmmanuel Macroninaugurated the new Orsay Graduate School of Mathematics, which brings together the mathematics laboratory teams of the Paris-Saclay University and theCNRS,some of the teaching staff, and the Jacques Hadamard University Library.[35]

The collegiate university

[edit]
School Founded
Life sciences(AgroParisTech) 1826
Engineering(CentraleSupélec) 1829
Education(ENS) 1892
Optics(IOGS) 1917
Sciences 1956
Law and Management 1968
Medicine 1971
Pharmacy 1972
Sports Sciences 1985
Engineering 2004
Undergraduate University School 2019

In January 2020, it replacedUniversity of Paris-Sudand in2025,University of VersaillesandUniversity of Evrywill merge with it as well.[36]They should evolve towards the status of an ‘integrated university’, and be renamedParis-Saclay University in VersaillesandParis-Saclay University in Évry.[37][38]

Every year since 2020, Paris-Saclay has achieved its best performance in theShanghai rankings,ranking 1st in the world in mathematics and 9th in physics.[39][40]

In April 2022, the Paris-Saclay University inaugurated the new 'Agro Paris-Saclay Campus',which covers 4.2 hectares in the commune ofPalaiseau,nearOrsay.It will be hosting nearly 2,000 students and 1,350 teacher-researchers, researchers, technicians and staff from theAgroParisTechGrande Écoleof the Paris-Saclay University.[41][42]

On 18 April 2023, Paris-Saclay University opened France's largest academic research hub forpharmaceuticals,the Henri-Moissan Centre, bringing together its School of Pharmacy, its chemistry and biology departments and theOrsay Institute of Molecular Chemistry and Materialsin a single centre. More than 3,000 students and 1,000 researchers-teachers and administrative staff have gradually moved in since the start of the new academic year in September 2022.[43]

Since October 2023, the university has been a partner the French privateGrande ÉcoleIPSAfor double degrees inaerospace.[44]

In February 2024, Paris-Saclay, which brings together nearly 50,000 students, is facing a leadership crisis. The Board of Administrators has still not been able to elect its future chairman and has been under the supervision of a provisional administrator for several months.[45][46]After several months of crisis, the former provisional administrator Camille Galap was elected to head the flagship French university on June 11, 2024, with the promise of getting the institution out of the institutional difficulties it is going through. Indeed, the greater presence of qualified external figures on the board of directors, than representatives of teachers, researchers or students, represents an institutional blockage. A situation made possible because of the university's exceptional statuses.[47]

Organisation

[edit]

The Paris-Saclay University consists of five faculties in Sciences, Medicine, Pharmacy, Law-Economics-Management, and Sports Sciences; an Engineering school; three technical institutes specialised in scientific and technical subjects inCachan,Orsay,andSceaux;and an undergraduate university school.[48]

The university also brings together fourgrandes écoles:CentraleSupélec,AgroParisTech,ENS Paris-Saclayand theInstitut d'Optique Graduate School,with two associate institutions:Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines University(UVSQ) andUniversity of Évry Val d'Essonne(UEVE).[48]

It combines resources from the following French universities andgrandes écoles,as well as partial resources from various research organizations and theSystematic Paris-Regioncluster:[49]

Initially, the community of universities also included five othergrandes écoles:École Polytechnique,Télécom Paris,Telecom SudParis,ENSTA ParisandENSAE Paris.However, due to differences in University set-up, these fivegrandes écolescreated their own separate universityPolytechnic Institute of Paris.This was announced by French PresidentEmmanuel Macronduring a speech inParis-Saclay.[50]Both of these clusters plan to co-operate and they engage in organization of several master's degrees with the Paris-Saclay University.[51]

Faculties and Institutes

[edit]
Name Foundation[52] Academic degree Field Students Campus Teaching language
Paris-Saclay Undergraduate University School[53](École Universitaire de Premier Cycle Paris-Saclay) Orsay IUT 1971 2019 Undergraduate Law,Economics,andScience 13,000[54] Paris-Saclay,Guyancourt,Sceaux,Cachan,Évry-Courcouronnes French
Sceaux IUT 1970
Cachan IUT 1971
Paris-Saclay Faculty of Sciences 1956 and 1971 Double Licencediploma (a selective bachelor's degree) andpostgraduate Science 10,000 Paris-Saclay French, English[55]
Paris-Saclay Faculty of Law, Economics and Management 1968 Lawandeconomics 6,000 Sceaux
Paris-Saclay Faculty of Pharmacy 1972 Medicine 3,500 Paris-Saclay
Paris-Saclay Medical School 1971 3,400 Le Kremlin-Bicêtre,Paris-Saclay
Paris-Saclay Faculty of Sports Sciences 1985 Science 1,500 Paris-Saclay
Polytech Paris-Saclay 2004 Engineering 820 Paris-Saclay
  • Orsay University Institute of Technology
    Orsay University Institute of Technology
  • Paris-Saclay Polytechnic School
    Paris-Saclay Polytechnic School

Grandes Écolesand graduate schools

[edit]
Name Foundation Field Students Campus
Grandes Écoles AgroParisTech 1826 Life sciences 2,420 Paris-Saclay
CentraleSupélec 2015 ScienceandEngineering 5,350 Paris-Saclay,Rennes,Metz
ENS Paris-Saclay 1892 Science 1,360 Paris-Saclay
Institut d'optique Graduate School 1917 Optics 440 Paris-Saclay
Graduate schools Paris-Saclay Graduate School of Law 2019 Law Guyancourt,Sceaux
Paris-Saclay Graduate School of Physics 2019 Physics Paris-Saclay,Versailles,Évry-Courcouronnes
Paris-Saclay Graduate School of Economics and Management 2019 Economics Guyancourt,Sceaux
Institute of Light Sciences 2019 Science Paris-Saclay
Paris-Saclay Graduate School of Life Sciences and Health 2019 Life SciencesandHealth Paris-Saclay,Le Kremlin-Bicêtre
Paris-Saclay Graduate School of Mathematics 2019 Mathematics Paris-Saclay
Paris-Saclay Graduate School of Sociology and Political science 2019 Politicsandsociology Guyancourt,Sceaux
Paris-Saclay Graduate School of Engineering and Systems science 2019 Scienceandengineering Paris-Saclay
Paris-Saclay Graduate School of Computer Science 2019

Associated universities

[edit]
Name Foundation[52] Academic degree Field Students Campus
Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines University 1987 and 1991 Undergraduateandpostgraduate Science,social scienceandlife science 19,000 Versailles,Montigny-le-Bretonneux,Guyancourt
University of Évry Val d'Essonne 1991 Science,social scienceandlife science 10,500 Évry-Courcouronnes

Research organizations

[edit]

The following research organizations have established research centers within the Paris-Saclay University. The resources contributed by these organizations will remain largely independent from other member institutions. Once the University of Paris-Saclay is fully integrated, its research centers are expected to achieve a profile similar to theJet Propulsion LaboratoryofCaltech:

Campuses

[edit]

Orsay

[edit]

ThePlateau

[edit]
The Henri Moissan building, on theSaclayPlateau,which houses the Faculty of Pharmacy and the Biology and Chemistry departments of theFaculty of Sciencesof the university.

The mainParis-Saclay campus,covering 495 acres (200 ha), is centered on theSaclayPlateauand itsQuartier de Moulon( “the Urban Campus” ) inOrsay,around 20 km south of downtownParis,and extends into the surrounding areas ofGif-sur-YvetteandPalaiseau.ThePlateauis home to the new buildings of the Faculty of Pharmacy, the departments of chemistry, biology and physics of theFaculty of Sciences,TheLumen,the university's main library, theÉcole normale supérieure,theCentraleSupélecengineeringgrande école.

The adjacent areas of thePlateau,in the neighboring commune ofPalaiseau,include the main buildings ofAgroParisTech,the university's Institute of Life Sciences and Industries and the Environment, and the university'sCenter for Nanosciences and Nanotechnologies(C2N).

The Valley

[edit]

Also, the campus historically extends to the south of theBois de la Guyonnerie,in the Valley. Close to the city center of Orsay and theRERstationOrsay-Ville,the Valley campus is centered around theChâteau de Launay.It houses the other departments of the Faculty of Sciences, the university science libraries such asHadamardLibrary, and the main laboratories.

The building of the university's Agro Campus, on theSaclayPlateau,in the town ofPalaiseau.

Other campuses

[edit]

Sceaux

[edit]

J. Monnet Law School is located on a 4.5-acre campus in the town ofSceaux,6 kilometers south ofParis.It is the successor to theUniversity of Paris's Sceaux Center for Legal Studies, which opened in1968.A few meters to the south is theIUTof Sceaux, a professional school of the university which offers bachelor's level programs very focused on practice.

Bicêtre

[edit]

The Faculty of Medicine is located on the site of theBicêtre University Hospital,a few meters from the metro stationHôpital Bicêtre.It has historic buildings and a new 8,000 square meter building dedicated to research.

Academic programs

[edit]

Each member school of the Paris-Saclay University organizes training in a given scientific field. Depending on the needs of their registered program, a student enrolled in a particular graduate school will have access to academic resources from other schools.

The various fields of study available at Paris-Saclay University are broadly categorized into the following:

  • Biodiversity, Agriculture and Food, Society, Environment (Biodiversité, Agriculture et Alimentation, Société, Environnement);
  • Biology, Medicine, Pharmaceutical studies (Biologie, Médecine, Pharmacie);
  • Law, Political Science (Droit et Science Politique);
  • Humanities (Humanités);
  • Engineering, Sciences and Information Technologies (Ingénierie, Sciences et Technologies de l'information);
  • Sport and Human Motion Sciences (Sciences du Sport et du Mouvement Humain);
  • Basic Sciences (Sciences Fondamentales);
  • Social Sciences (Sciences Sociales).

The academic programs in each of the 8 schools is expected to follow the Anglo-American model:[57]

  • Paris-Saclay Undergraduate School– The Bachelor's program is provided by Paris-Saclay faculties and the 2 public universities within Paris-Saclay, which areVersailles-Saint-Quentin UniversityandUniversity of Évry Val-d'Essonne.
  • Paris-Saclay Graduate Schools– Master's degrees are taught in both French and English. Altogether, 49 Master's degree are offered.[58]
  • Paris-Saclay Research or Doctoral Schools– PhD programs are offered through 20 doctoral schools.[27]Doctoral degrees received after September 30, 2015, are awarded under the name "Paris-Saclay University", with a mention of the student's associated university orgrande école.

Research programmes

[edit]

The Paris-Saclay University gathers together more than 300 research units, organized into 10 doctoral schools:[59]

  • Chemistry (Chimie)
  • Electrical engineering, optics and electronics (EOE:Ingénierie électrique, optique et électronique)
  • Mathematics (Mathématiques)
  • Mechanics, energy and physical processes (MEP:Mécanique, énergétique et procédés)
  • Subatomic physics and astrophysics (P2I:Physique des deux infinis)
  • Wave and matter physics (PHOM:Physique des ondes et de la matière)
  • Planetary science and cosmology (SPU:Sciences de la planète et de l'Univers)
  • Life sciences (SDV:Sciences de la Vie)
  • Human and social sciences (SHS:Sciences de l'Homme et de la Société)
  • Information and communication sciences and technologies (STIC:Sciences et technologies de l'information et de la communication).

University rankings

[edit]
University rankings
Global – Overall
ARWUWorld[60]12[i](2024)
CWURWorld[61]32 (2023)
CWTSWorld[62]123 (2023)
QSWorld[63]73[i](2025)
THEWorld[64]58[i](2024)
USNWRGlobal[65]60 (2023)
National – Overall
ARWUNational[60]1[i](2024)
CWTSNational[62]3 (2023)
CWURNational[61]2 (2023)
QSNational[63]4[i](2025)
THENational[64]2[i](2024)
USNWRNational[65]3 (2023)

The university is remarkably acclaimed for Mathematics, Physics and Computer Science, which are rank 1st national in many reputable global rankings such asQS World University Rankings,Times Higher Education World University Rankings,Academic Ranking of World Universities,U.S. News & World Report,... and many domestic magazines.

It is also connected with two grande écoles:École polytechniqueandCentraleSupélec,which are known as the top 2 engineering schools in France.

In August 2024, Paris-Saclay University ranked 12th inShanghai Ranking's top 1000 universities in the world, and 2nd worldwide for Mathematics byAcademic Ranking of World Universities(ARWU)and 3rd worldwide for Physics (1st in Europe).[66]

  1. ^abcdefThe three longest established and most influential global rankings

Nobel and Fields laureates

[edit]

Paris-Saclay University formally replaced several pre-existing Parisian universities, grande écoles and research institutes. These continue to exist as departments within the broader structure of Paris-Saclay. The list below therefore includes those pre- and post-2019 laureates whose institutions were later subsumed by the university.

Nobel laureates

[edit]

Fields medalists

[edit]

See also

[edit]

References

[edit]
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