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UnixWare

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UnixWare
UnixWare 7.1.4, showing theCDEdesktop
DeveloperXinuos(previouslyUnivel,Novell,SCO,Caldera Systems,Caldera International,The SCO Group)
OS familyUnix(SVR4.2/SVR5)
Working stateCurrent
Source modelClosed source
Initial release1992;32 years ago(1992)
Latest release7 Definitive 2018 / 2017;7 years ago(2017)
KerneltypeMonolithic kernel
UserlandPOSIX/SUS
LicenseProprietary
Preceded byUNIX System V
Official websiteOfficial website

UnixWareis aUnixoperating system.It was originally released byUnivel,a jointly owned venture ofAT&T'sUnix System Laboratories(USL) andNovell.It was then taken over by Novell. ViaSanta Cruz Operation(SCO), it went on toCaldera Systems,Caldera International,andThe SCO Groupbefore it was sold toUnXis(nowXinuos). UnixWare is typically deployed as aserverrather than adesktop.Binary distributions of UnixWare are available forx86 architecturecomputers. UnixWare is primarily marketed as a server operating system.[1][2]

History

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Univel (1991–1993)

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After theSVR4effort to mergeSunOSandSystem V,AT&T'sUnix System Laboratories(USL) formed theUnivelpartnership withNovellto develop a desktop version of Unix fori386andi486machines, codenamed "Destiny".[3]

Destiny is based on theUnix System V release 4.2kernel. TheMoOLITtoolkit is used for thewindowing system,allowing the user to choose between anOPEN LOOKorMOTIF-like look and feel at runtime. In order to make the system more robust on commodity desktop hardware, theVeritasVXFSjournaling file systemis used in place of theUFSfile system used in SVR4. Networking support in UnixWare includes bothTCP/IPand interoperability with Novell'sNetWareprotocols (IPX/SPX); the former were the standard among Unix users at the time of development, while PC networking was much more commonly based on NetWare.[4]

Destiny was released in 1992 as UnixWare 1.0, with the intention of unifying the fragmented PC Unix market behind this single variant of the operating system. The system was earlier to reach the corporate computing market than Microsoft'sWindows NT,but observers of the period remarked that UnixWare was "just another flavor of Unix", Novell's involvement being more a marketing ploy than a significant influx of technology.[4]There two editions of Destiny: aPersonal Edition,which includes NovellIPXnetworking but notTCP/IP,and anAdvanced ServerEdition with TCP/IP and other server software. The personal edition is limited to two active users, while the server edition includes an unlimited user license. Around 35,000 copies of UnixWare 1.0 were sold.[5]

In 1992, UnixWare 1.0 Personal Edition came withDOS Merge 3.0and Novell'sDR DOS 6.0.

In 1993, Novell purchased USL from AT&T and merged USL and Univel into a newUnix Systems Group.[6]

Novell (1993–1995)

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UnixWare 2 promotional clock

In 1994 Novell released UnixWare 1.1, which includes TCP/IP in both the personal and advanced server editions.[7] The MOTIF 1.2 runtime libraries are included forCOSEcompliance. NUC (NetWare Unix Client) software is included for integration with NovellNetWareservers. TheAdvanced Mergeapplication is installed on both the server and personal editions to allow runningDOSandWindows 3.1applications.

Novell later released bug-fix versions 1.1.1, 1.1.2, 1.1.3 and finally 1.1.4 on 19 June 1995.[8]

UnixWare 2.0, based on theUnix System V release 4.2MPkernel, which added support formultiprocessing,began shipping toOEMsand developers in December 1994,[9]and to the consumer market in March 1995.[10]Both the personal and server editions support two processor systems, with the possibility of buying extraProcessor Upgradelicenses for the server edition. Supported multiprocessor systems include standardIntel MP 1.1SMPmachines andCorollary C-bussystems. The system supportsNetWareODInetwork drivers in an effort to increase the number of supported network interfaces. Other new features in the release include aPOSIX Threadslibrary in addition to the olderUIthreads library.[9]

Before SCO licensed UnixWare in 1995, Novell had also announced a project to create a "SuperNOS"based onNetWare 4.1and UnixWare 2.0 technologies in the future. This never materialized. Instead, a NetWare 4.10 server on Linux was offered asCaldera NetWare for LinuxforOpenLinuxsince 1998, and Novell'sOpen Enterprise Serverfinally came in 2005.

Santa Cruz Operation (1995–2001)

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At the tail end of Novell's ownership of UnixWare, the company celebrated project completion of "Eiger", the codename for UnixWare 2.1

In 1995, theSanta Cruz Operation(SCO) acquired UnixWare from Novell.[11]The exact terms of this transaction were disputed (seeSCO vs Novell); courts have subsequently determined that Novell retained the ownership of Unix.

When the transfer was made public SCO announced that it would work towards merging UnixWare with itsOpenServerSVR3.2based OS,[12]but the first release of UnixWare from SCO was version 2.1 in 1996. At the release of UnixWare 2.1 it was announced that the proposed UnixWare/OpenServer merger was known as projectGemini,to be available in 1997 and a 64-bit version of UnixWare was to be developed for 1998.[13]

One controversial change was the adoption of an OpenServer-like user licensing policy. The Univel and Novell releases of UnixWare allow 2 users on the personal edition or unlimited numbers of users on the server edition. With UnixWare 2.1 the server edition includes a license for up to 5 users. Customers wanting more users could purchase 10, 25, 100, 500 or unlimited user license extensions.[14]

SCO released three updates to UnixWare 2.1. UnixWare 2.1.1, released in 1996 achievedUnix 95branding.[15]UnixWare 2.1.2 and 2.1.3, available in 1998, are largely bug fix releases.

In 1998Compaqreleased a package known as the Integrity XC consisting of asingle-system imageclusterofProliantservers with a version of UnixWare 2.1,UnixWare NonStop Clusters.[16]

The first results of the Gemini project were made available in early 1998 as UnixWare 7.[17]SCO named the kernel versionUnix System V release 5.The system is largely based on UnixWare 2.1, with features for driver compatibility with OpenServer, allowing use of OpenServer network drivers. System administration utilities from OpenServer,scoadmin,replace the original UnixWaresysadmutility. Major new features of UnixWare 7 include multi-path I/O, large files and file systems and support for large memory systems.[18]

UnixWare 7 lacks theXenixcompatibility features of both its ancestors.[citation needed]

In 1999 SCO released the UnixWare 7.1 update which increased the number of editions; theBusiness(5-user),Department(25 user) andEnterprise(50 user) editions replace the earlier personal and server editions. The WebTop application fromTarantella, Inc.is included.[19]

In 2000 SCO released the UnixWare 7.1.1 update. Simultaneously theUnixWare NonStop Clusters7.1.1+IPsingle-system imageclusterpackage was released. This new package allowscommodity hardwareto be used as well as the proprietary Compaq hardware supported by the earlier Integrity XC product, and was directly available from SCO.[20]

Caldera Systems, Caldera International and The SCO Group (2000–2011)

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Old SCO UnixWare logo

On 2 August 2000,[citation needed]Santa Cruz Operation(SCO) announced that it would sell its Server Software and Services Divisions, as well as rights to the OpenServer and UnixWare products, toCaldera Systems.In March 2001, Caldera Systems becameCaldera International(CII), and the SCO purchase was completed in May 2001.[citation needed]The remaining part of the Santa Cruz Operation company, the Tarantella Division, changed its name toTarantella, Inc.

Caldera International's initial release of UnixWare was renamed OpenUNIX 8. This release is what would have been UnixWare 7.1.2.

Caldera International renamed itself toThe SCO Groupin August 2002, after broadening its product line to include mobile products and services.

Later, the newly renamed The SCO Group reverted to the previous UnixWare brand and version release numbering, releasing UnixWare 7.1.3[21]and 7.1.4.[22]No further OpenUNIX releases were made available and OpenUNIX 8.1.2 (OU812)[citation needed]was never released. The SCO Group continued to maintain UnixWare and issues periodic maintenance updates and support.[23]

Between 2007 and 2011, The SCO Group engaged in a series oflegal battles.In September 2007, The SCO Group filed forChapter 11 bankruptcy protection.[24]

On 11 April 2011,UnXisbought The SCO Group operating assets and intellectual property rights after having been approved by the bankruptcy court in Delaware.[25][26]

The SCO Group, Inc. then renamed itself TSG Group, Inc., and SCO Operations, Inc. became TSG Operations, Inc.,[27]and in August 2012 filed to convert from Chapter 11 toChapter 7.[28]

UnXis and Xinuos (2011–present)

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The rights to Unixware, as well as OpenServer, were acquired by UnXis in 2011.

In June 2013 UnXis was renamed asXinuos[29]and announced product and availability for SCO UnixWare 7.1.4+,[30]now supporting both physical and virtual machines.

Version history

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Year Release Company Codebase Kernel version Notes
1991 UnixWare 1.0 Univel SVR4.2 1
1993 UnixWare 1.1 Novell 1
UnixWare 1.1.1 Novell 1
UnixWare 1.1.2 Novell 1
UnixWare 1.1.3 Novell 1
1995 UnixWare 2.0 Novell SVR4.2MP 2.0 Support forSMP
UnixWare 1.1.4 Novell 1 Final release of UnixWare 1
UnixWare 2.0.1 Novell 2.0.1
UnixWare 2.0.2 Novell 2.0.2 July 1995
UnixWare 2.0.3 Novell 2.0.3 November 1995
1996 UnixWare 2.1 Santa Cruz Operation 2.1
UnixWare 2.1.1 Santa Cruz Operation 2.1.1
UnixWare 2.1.2 Santa Cruz Operation 2.1.2
1998 UnixWare 2.1.3 Santa Cruz Operation 2.1.3 Final release of UnixWare 2
1998 UnixWare 7 Santa Cruz Operation SVR5 7.0.1 A "merge" of UnixWare 2 andOpenServer5
UnixWare 7.0.1 Santa Cruz Operation 7.0.1
1999 UnixWare 7.1.0 Santa Cruz Operation 7.1.0
2000 UnixWare 7.1.1 Santa Cruz Operation 7.1.1
2001 Open UNIX 8 Caldera International 7.1.2
2003 UnixWare 7.1.3 The SCO Group 7.1.3 See alsoSmallfoot(SVR6)
2004 UnixWare 7.1.4 The SCO Group 7.1.4 No longer included the Linux Kernel Personality[31]
2004 UnixWare 7.1.4 MP1 The SCO Group 7.1.4 Maintenance pack 1
2005 UnixWare 7.1.4 MP2 The SCO Group 7.1.4 Maintenance pack 2
2006 UnixWare 7.1.4 MP3 The SCO Group 7.1.4 Maintenance pack 3
2008 UnixWare 7.1.4 MP4 The SCO Group 7.1.4 Maintenance pack 4
2013 UnixWare 7.1.4+ Xinuos 7.1.4 Virtualisation Support[30]forVMware ESX
2015 UnixWare 7 Definitive Xinuos 7.1.4+ Compatible with previous supported UnixWare versions[32]
2017 UnixWare 7 Definitive 2018 Xinuos 7.1.4+ In-place upgrade from previous supported versions[33]

SCO Skunkware and open source

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All versions of UnixWare have included significantopen sourcecomponents includingBIND/X11/Sendmail/DHCP/Perl/Tcland others. Later releases are bundled with numerous additional open source applications includingApache,Samba,MySQL,PostgreSQL,OpenSSH,andMozillasoftware.[34]

All versions of SCO operating system distributions including UnixWare also have an extensive set of open source packages available for free download via theSCO Skunkwaresite.[35][36]

See also

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References

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  1. ^Josey, Andrew,UnixWare Frequently Asked Questions (General),retrieved2008-05-21
  2. ^Andrew Josey,UnixWare Frequently Asked Questions (Developer),retrieved2008-05-21
  3. ^"Unix Labs and Novell plan join venture, reveal bones of mass distribution alliance".Computer Business Review.1991-10-25. Archived fromthe originalon 2016-05-06.Retrieved2008-10-31.
  4. ^abRadding, Alan (1993-06-28)."UnixWare: Bringing shrink-wrapped Unix to the masses".InfoWorld.pp. 65–66.
  5. ^Blakeley, Michael (1994-03-21)."UnixWare grows up; Novell's revamped SVR4.2 environment proves very workable".PC Week.
  6. ^"Novell formally announces the Unix Systems Group".Computer Business Review.1993-07-07. Archived fromthe originalon 2010-02-18.Retrieved2008-10-30.
  7. ^ NOVELL RELEASES VERSION 1.1 OF UNIXWARE,Computergram International,1994-01-13, archived fromthe originalon 2010-02-18,retrieved2008-10-31
  8. ^ "UnixWare 1.1.4 Electronic Update Release",Press release,Novell, 1995-06-19,retrieved2008-10-31
  9. ^ab "UnixWare 2 Product Announcement Questions& Answers",Press release,Novell, March 1995,retrieved2008-11-01
  10. ^ "Novell Showcases UnixWare 2 Solutions At Uniforum '95",Press release,Novell, 1995-03-07,retrieved2008-10-31
  11. ^Novell Completes Sale of UnixWare Business to The Santa Cruz Operation,retrieved2007-07-14
  12. ^ SANTA CRUZ, HP, NOVELL CARVE UP UNIX BETWEEN THEM,Computergram International, 1995-09-21, archived fromthe originalon 2012-09-27,retrieved2008-11-01
  13. ^ SCO Unveils Enterprise Class Operating System; Release of SCO UnixWare 2.1 Paves Way for Next-Generation UNIX Systems,Business Wire, 1996-02-12, archived fromthe originalon 2009-01-24,retrieved2008-11-01
  14. ^ SCO UnixWare 2.1 Application Server(PDF),SCO[permanent dead link]
  15. ^ SCO Announces Unix 95 Compliance Update to its Operating System,EDN, 1996-11-26,retrieved2024-01-10
  16. ^ Compaq Integrity XC server launched,1998-08-11,retrieved2008-10-07
  17. ^ UnixWare 7: revolution or revision?,Timothy Parker Consulting Incorporated, March 1998, archived fromthe originalon November 14, 2007,retrievedNovember 1,2008
  18. ^ SCO GEMINI TO DEBUT AS UNIXWARE; COMPAQ GETS CHUMMY,Computergram International, 1997-08-19, archived fromthe originalon 2010-02-18,retrieved2008-11-01
  19. ^ SCO DATA CENTER UNIXWARE TO DEBUT AT CEBIT,Computergram International,1999-02-25,retrieved2008-11-01
  20. ^ Orlowski, Andrew (2000-06-26),"SCO, Compaq ServerNet-less clusters",The Register,retrieved2008-10-28
  21. ^UnixWare 7.1.3 Review - OSNews,retrieved2007-07-14
  22. ^The SCO Group, Inc.,retrieved2007-07-14
  23. ^Harbaugh, Logan (2004-08-10),"Review: UnixWare 7.1.4 is suitable for basic server duty",Linux,SourceForge, Inc.,retrieved2008-05-21
  24. ^The SCO Group Files Chapter 11 to Protect Assets as It Addresses Potential Financial and Legal Challenges.The SCO Group, Inc. press release, 14 September 2007Archived3 September 2009 at theWayback Machine
  25. ^"UnXis Completes Purchase of SCO UNIX Assets"Archived2011-11-14 at theWayback Machine,press release, 11 April 2011
  26. ^Harvey, Tom (2011-04-11)."SCO closes sale of Unix system to Nevada company".The Salt Lake Tribune.Retrieved2011-04-11.
  27. ^"Certificates of Amendment to the Debtors' Certificates of Incorporation (Exhibit A)"(PDF).Secretary of State of the State of Delaware/Groklaw. 2011-05-06.Retrieved2011-05-07.
  28. ^"SCO Files for Chapter 7:" There is no reasonable chance of 'rehabilitation "".Groklaw.2012-08-07.
  29. ^Snyder, Sean."Xinuos | Press Release - UnXis renamed Xinuos".Xinuos.Retrieved2015-09-11.
  30. ^abSnyder, Sean."Xinuos - Press Release - UnixWare 7.1.4+".Xinuos.Archived fromthe originalon 2018-06-12.Retrieved2017-05-17.
  31. ^"Groklaw - Questions About the Linux Kernel Personality (LKP) and the GPL".Groklaw.net.2009-03-04.Retrieved2017-05-17.
  32. ^"Xinuos Releases New UnixWare 7 Definitive"(Press release).Business Wire.2015-12-15.
  33. ^"Xinuos Releases Latest UnixWare Offering - UnixWare 7 Definitive 2018".WENY. 2018-12-11. Archived fromthe originalon 2018-12-15.Retrieved2018-12-11.
  34. ^ Ronald Joe Record,"Open Source Components in SCO OpenServer and SCO UnixWare",SCO Forum 2004,retrieved2008-04-02
  35. ^ Ronald Joe Record,"Open Source Birds of a Feather",SCO Forum 2002,retrieved2008-04-02
  36. ^Mohr, Jim (May–June 2000),"Free Network Software from SCO",SCO World,7(3), Mountain View, California, USA: Venture Publishing Inc., archived fromthe originalon 2001-02-28,retrieved2008-05-13
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