Jump to content

Ursoidea

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Ursoidea
Temporal range:Bartonian- Present
37–0Ma
Life reconstruction ofCephalogaleshareri
Brown bear(Ursus arctos)
Scientific classificationEdit this classification
Domain: Eukaryota
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Class: Mammalia
Order: Carnivora
Parvorder: Ursida
Superfamily: Ursoidea
Fischer von Waldheim, 1817
Families

Ursoideais a superfamily ofarctoidcarnivoranmammalsthat includes the familiesSubparictidae,[1][2]Amphicynodontidae,[3][2]andUrsidae.The last family includes the extant lineages ofbears,as well as the extinctHemicyoninae[4][5]andUrsavinae.[6]

The interrelationships of ursoids has had slight arrangements. In the past it was thought the extinctAmphicyonidaewere stem-bears based on morphological analysis of the ear region,[7]though the most recent publications on early amphicyonids suggests they were basalcaniforms.[8][9][10]

The amphicynodontids are sometimes classified as either a subfamily of bears,[3]a paraphyletic assemblage of early bears,[2]or even stem-pinnipeds.[11][12][13]The subparictids were previously classified as amphicynodontine/ids.[2]The hemicyonines have been occasionally reclassified as a separatefamily.[14]

References

[edit]
  1. ^Baskin, J. A.; Tedford, R. H. (1996).Small arctoid and feliform carnivorans.pp. 486–497.doi:10.1017/CBO9780511665431.025.ISBN978-0-521-43387-7.{{cite book}}:|journal=ignored (help)
  2. ^abcdWang, Xiaoming; Emry, Robert J.; Boyd, Clint A.; Person, Jeff J.; White, Stuart C.; Tedford, Richard H. (2022)."An exquisitely preserved skeleton of Eoarctos vorax (Nov. Gen. Et sp.) from Fitterer Ranch, North Dakota (Early Oligocene) and systematics and phylogeny of North American early arctoids (Carnivora, Caniformia)".Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology.42:1–123.Bibcode:2022JVPal..42S...1W.doi:10.1080/02724634.2022.2145900.S2CID259025727.
  3. ^abMcLellan, B.; Reiner, D.C. (1992)."A review of bear evolution"(PDF).International Association for Bear Research and Management.9(1): 85–96.doi:10.2307/3872687.JSTOR3872687.S2CID91124592.Archived fromthe original(PDF)on 2020-02-19.
  4. ^Louis De Bonis (2013)."Ursidae (Mammalia, Carnivora) from the Late Oligocene of the" Phosphorites du Quercy "(France) and a reappraisal of the genusCephalogaleGeoffroy, 1862 ".Geodiversitas.35(4): 787–814.doi:10.5252/g2013n4a4.S2CID131561629.
  5. ^L. de Bonis (2011)."A new species ofAdelpharctos(Mammalia, Carnivora, Ursidae) from the late Oligocene of the "Phosphorites du Quercy" (France) ".Estudios Geológicos.67(2): 179–186.doi:10.3989/egeol.40553.181.
  6. ^Qiu, Zhan-Xiang; et al. (2014). "A Late MioceneUrsavusskull from Guanghe, Gansu, China ".Vertebrata PalAsiatica.52(3): 265–302.
  7. ^Hunt Jr., Robert M. (2001)."Small Oligocene Amphicyonids from North America (Paradaphoenus, Mammalia, Carnivora)".American Museum Novitates(3331): 1-20.doi:10.1206/0003-0082(2001)331<0001:SOAFNA>2.0.CO;2.ISSN0003-0082.S2CID198160461.
  8. ^Hunt, Robert M. Jr. (2004)."Global Climate and the Evolution of Large Mammalian Carnivores during the Later Cenozoic in North America"(PDF).Cenozoic Carnivores and Global Climate.pp. 139–285.doi:10.1206/0003-0090(2004)285<0139:C>2.0.CO;2.S2CID86236545.Archived fromthe original(PDF)on July 20, 2007.{{cite book}}:|journal=ignored (help)
  9. ^Morlo, Michael; Miller, Ellen R.; El-Barkooky, Ahmed N. (2007). "Creodonta and Carnivora from Wadi Moghra, Egypt".Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology.27(1): 145-159.doi:10.1671/0272-4634(2007)27[145:CACFWM]2.0.CO;2.ISSN0272-4634.S2CID86235694.
  10. ^Tomiya, Susumu; Tseng, Zhijie Jack (2016)."Whence the beardogs? Reappraisal of the Middle to Late Eocene 'Miacis' from Texas, USA, and the origin of Amphicyonidae (Mammalia, Carnivora)".Royal Society Open Science.3(10): 160518.Bibcode:2016RSOS....360518T.doi:10.1098/rsos.160518.PMC5098994.PMID27853569.
  11. ^Tedford, R. H.;Barnes, L. G.; Ray, C. E. (1994)."The early Miocene littoral ursoid carnivoranKolponomos:Systematics and mode of life "(PDF).Proceedings of the San Diego Society of Natural History.29:11–32. Archived fromthe original(PDF)on 2012-09-22.Retrieved24 July2010.
  12. ^Rybczynski, N.; Dawson, M.R.; Tedford, R.H. (2009). "A semi-aquatic Arctic mammalian carnivore from the Miocene epoch and origin of Pinnipedia".Nature.458(7241): 1021–24.Bibcode:2009Natur.458.1021R.doi:10.1038/nature07985.PMID19396145.S2CID4371413.
  13. ^Berta, A.; Morgan, C.; Boessenecker, R.W. (2018)."The Origin and Evolutionary Biology of Pinnipeds: Seals, Sea Lions, and Walruses".Annual Review of Earth and Planetary Sciences.46:203–228.Bibcode:2018AREPS..46..203B.doi:10.1146/annurev-earth-082517-010009.
  14. ^McKenna, Malcolm C., and Bell, Susan K. 1997.Classification of Mammals Above the Species Level.Columbia University Press, New York, 631 pp.ISBN0-231-11013-8
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ursoidea&oldid=1215107167"