Voiced uvular tap and flap
(Redirected fromUvular flap)
 | This articleprovides insufficient context for those unfamiliar with the subject.(April 2016) |
| Voiced uvular tap or flap | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| ɢ̆ | |||
| ʀ̆ | |||
| IPA Number | 112 505 | ||
| Audio sample | |||
| Encoding | |||
| Entity(decimal) | ɢ̆ | ||
| Unicode(hex) | U+0262 U+0306 | ||
| |||
| Voiced uvular tapped fricative | |
|---|---|
| ɢ̞̆ | |
| ʁ̮ |
Thevoiced uvular taporflapis a type ofconsonantalsound, used in somespokenlanguages. There is no dedicated symbol for this sound in theIPA.It can specified by adding a 'short' diacritic to the letter for the uvular plosive, ⟨ɢ̆⟩, but normally it is covered by the unmodified letter for theuvular trill,⟨ʀ⟩,[1]since the two have never been reported to contrast.
The uvular tap or flap is not known to exist as a phoneme in any language.
More commonly, it is said to vary with the much more frequentuvular trill,and is most likely a single-contact trill[ʀ̆]rather than an actual tap or flap[ɢ̆]in these languages.
Features
[edit]Features of the voiced uvular tap or flap:
- Itsmanner of articulationistap or flap,which means it is produced with a single contraction of the muscles so that one articulator (usually the tongue) is thrown against another.
- Itsplace of articulationisuvular,which means it is articulated with the back of thetongue(the dorsum) at theuvula.
- Itsphonationis voiced, which means the vocal cords vibrate during the articulation.
- It is anoral consonant,which means air is allowed to escape through the mouth only.
- It is acentral consonant,which means it is produced by directing the airstream along the center of the tongue, rather than to the sides.
- Itsairstream mechanismispulmonic,which means it is articulated by pushing air solely with theintercostal musclesandabdominal muscles,as in most sounds.
Occurrence
[edit]| Language | Word | IPA | Meaning | Notes | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Dutch[2] | rood | [ʀ̆oːt] | 'red' | More common than auvular trill.[3]Realization of/r/varies considerably among dialects. SeeDutch phonology | |
| English | Northumbrian | red | [ɢ̆ɛd] | 'red' | Tap,[4][5]or also a tapped fricative,[6]most usually a plainfricative.SeeNorthumbrian burr |
| German | Standard[7] | Ehre | [ˈʔeːʀ̆ə] | 'honor' | Common intervocalic realization of uvular trill.[7]SeeStandard German phonology |
| Hiu[8] | [βɔ̞ʀ̆] | 'hibiscus' | |||
| Ibibio[9] | ufʌkọ | [úfʌ̟̀ɢ̆ɔ̞] | 'summary' | Intervocalic allophone of/k/;may be a velar approximant[ɰ]instead.[9] | |
| Limburgish | Hasselt dialect[10] | weuren | [ˈβ̞øːʀ̆ən] | '(they) were' | Possible intervocalic allophone of/r/;may be alveolar[ɾ]instead.[10]SeeHasselt dialect phonology |
| Okanagan | Southern[11] | ʕaləp | [ɢ̆àlə́p] | 'lose' | Allophone of/ʕ/;corresponds to[ʕ]in other dialects.[11] |
| Scots | [example needed] | Possible realization of /r/. Tapped fricative, also can be a trilled instead.[12] | |||
| Supyire[13] | tadugugo | [taduɢ̆uɢ̆o] | 'place to go up' | May be in free variation[ɡ].[13] | |
| Wahgi[14] | [example needed] | Allophone of/ʟ̝/.[14] | |||
| Yiddish | Standard[15] | בריק | [bʀ̆ɪk] | 'bridge' | Less commonly a trill[ʀ];can be alveolar[ɾ~r]instead.[15]SeeYiddish phonology |
Notes
[edit]- ^Bruce Connell, Lower Cross Wordlist
- ^Collins & Mees (2003),pp. 42, 199.
- ^Collins & Mees (2003),p. 42.
- ^Gąsiorowski, Piotr (2006)."A Shibboleth upon Their Tongues: Early English /r/ Revisited".hdl:10593/2383.
{{cite journal}}:Cite journal requires|journal=(help) - ^Wells, John C.(1982).Accents of English 2: The British Isles.Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. p. 368.ISBN0-521-24224-X.
- ^Påhlsson, C. (1972)The Northumbrian Burr.Lund: Gleerup.
- ^abLodge (2009),p. 46.
- ^François (2005),p. 44.
- ^abUrua (2004),p. 106.
- ^abPeters (2006),p. 118.
- ^abKinkade (1967),p. 232.
- ^Szpyra-Kozłowska, Jolanta (2018)."The rhotic in fake and authentic Polish-accented English".Lublin Studies in Modern Languages and Literature.42(1): 81–102.doi:10.17951/lsmll.2018.42.1.81.ISSN2450-4580.
- ^abCarlson (1994),p. 10.
- ^abPhillips (1976),p.?.
- ^abKleine (2003),p. 263.
References
[edit]- Carlson, Robert (1994).A Grammar of Supyire.Walter de Gruyter.
- Collins, Beverley; Mees, Inger M. (2003) [First published 1981],The Phonetics of English and Dutch(5th ed.), Leiden: Brill Publishers,ISBN9004103406
- François, Alexandre (2005),"Unraveling the history of the vowels of seventeen northern Vanuatu languages",Oceanic Linguistics,44(2): 443–504,doi:10.1353/ol.2005.0034,S2CID131668754
- Kinkade, M. Dale (1967). "Uvular-Pharyngeal Resonants in Interior Salish".International Journal of American Linguistics.33(3): 228–234.doi:10.1086/464965.S2CID144719970.
- Kleine, Ane (2003), "Standard Yiddish",Journal of the International Phonetic Association,33(2): 261–265,doi:10.1017/S0025100303001385
- Lodge, Ken (2009),A Critical Introduction to Phonetics,Continuum International Publishing Group,ISBN978-0-8264-8873-2
- Peters, Jörg (2006), "The dialect of Hasselt",Journal of the International Phonetic Association,36(1): 117–124,doi:10.1017/S0025100306002428
- Phillips, Donald J. (1976).Wahgi Phonology and Morphology.ISBN9780858831414.
- Urua, Eno-Abasi E. (2004), "Ibibio",Journal of the International Phonetic Association,34(1): 105–109,doi:10.1017/S0025100304001550
