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Valerie Plame

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Valerie Plame
Plame at the 2014Texas Book Festival
Born
Valerie Elise Plame

(1963-08-13)August 13, 1963(age 60)
Anchorage, Alaska,U.S.
Other namesValerie Plame Wilson
Education
Occupations
Political partyDemocratic
Spouses
Todd Sesler
​
​
(m.1987;div.1989)​
​
​
(m.1998;div.2017)​
Joseph Shepard
​
(m.2020)​
Children2
Websitevalerieplame

Valerie Elise Plame(born August 13, 1963) is an American writer, spy, novelist, and formerCentral Intelligence Agency(CIA)officer.As the subject of the 2003Plame affair,also known as the CIA leak scandal, Plame's identity as a CIA officer wasleakedto and subsequently published byRobert NovakofThe Washington Post.She described this period and the media firestorm that ensued as "mortifying, and I think I was in shock for a couple years".[1]

In the aftermath of the scandal,Richard Armitagein theU.S. Department of Statewas identified as one source of the information, andScooter Libby,Chief of Staff to Vice PresidentDick Cheney,was convicted of lying to investigators. After a failed appeal, PresidentGeorge W. Bushcommuted Libby's sentence and in 2018, PresidentDonald Trumppardoned him. The individual responsible for leaking the information was never charged.

In collaboration with a ghostwriter, Plame wrote amemoirdetailing her career and the events leading up to her resignation from the CIA. She has subsequently written and published at least two spy novels. A 2010 biographical feature film,Fair Game,was produced based on memoirs by her and her husband.

Plame was an unsuccessful candidate forNew Mexico's 3rd congressional districtin 2020, placing second behindTeresa Leger Fernandezin theJune 2, 2020, primary.

Early life and education[edit]

Valerie Elise Plame was born on August 13, 1963, onElmendorf Air Force Base,inAnchorage, Alaska,to Diane (née McClintock) and Samuel Plame III.[2][3]Plame says that her paternal grandfather was Jewish, the son of arabbiwho emigrated fromUkraine;the original family surname was "Plamevotski". The rest of Plame's family was Protestant (the religion in which Plame was raised); she was unaware, until she was an adult, that her grandfather was Jewish.[4]

She graduated in 1981 fromLower Moreland High School,inHuntingdon Valley, Pennsylvania,[5][6]and in 1985 fromPennsylvania State University,with aB.A.in advertising.[7]While attending Penn State, she joinedPi Beta Phisorority[8]and worked for the business division of theDaily Collegianstudent newspaper.[7][9]

Career[edit]

Presenting a lecture on her bookFair Game,atBrown University,inProvidence, Rhode Island,on December 4, 2007.

After graduating from college and moving toWashington, D.C.,Plame worked at a clothing store while awaiting results of her application to theCIA.[7]She was accepted into the 1985–86 CIA officer training class.[10]Special CounselPatrick Fitzgeraldaffirmed that Plame "was a CIA officer from January 1, 2002, forward" and that "her association with the CIA was classified at that time through July 2003."[11]Details about Plame's professional career are still classified, but it is documented that she worked for the CIA in anon-official cover (or NOC)capacity relating tocounter-proliferation.[12][10][13][14][15]

Plame served the CIA at times as a non-official cover, operating inAthensandBrussels.[16]While using her own name, "Valerie Plame", her assignments required posing in various professional roles in order to gather intelligence more effectively.[17][18][19]Two of her covers include serving as a junior consular officer in the early 1990s in Athens and then later as an energy analyst for the private company (founded in 1994) "Brewster Jennings & Associates,"which the CIA later acknowledged was afront companyfor certain investigations.[20]A former senior diplomat in Athens remembered Plame in her dual role and also recalled that she served as one of the "control officers" coordinating the visit of PresidentGeorge H. W. BushtoGreeceandTurkeyin July 1991. The matter of whether she actually had covert status is disputed.[21][22]After thePersian GulfWar in 1991, the CIA sent her first to theLondon School of Economicsand then theCollege of Europe,inBruges,formaster's degrees.After earning the second degree, she stayed on in Brussels, where she began her next assignment under cover as an "energy consultant" for Brewster-Jennings.[7]Beginning in 1997, Plame's primary assignment was shifted to the CIA headquarters inLangley, Virginia.[23]

During this time, part of her work concerned the determination of the use ofaluminum tubespurchased by Iraq.[24]CIA analysts prior to the Iraq invasion were quoted by theWhite Houseas believing that Iraq was trying to acquirenuclear weaponsand that these aluminum tubes could be used in acentrifugefornuclear enrichment.[25][26]David CornandMichael Isikoffargued that theundercoverwork being done by Plame and her CIA colleagues in the Directorate of Central IntelligenceNonproliferationCenter strongly contradicted such a claim.[24]

"Plamegate"[edit]

Main articles:Plame affair,Plame affair grand jury investigation,andPlame affair criminal investigation

On July 14, 2003,Robert Novak,a journalist forThe Washington Post,used information obtained fromRichard Armitage,Karl Rove,andScooter Libby,to reveal Plame's identity as a CIA operative in his column.[27][28]Legal documents published in the course of theCIA leak grand jury investigation,United States v. Libby,andCongressionalinvestigations, established her classified employment as acovertofficer for the CIA at the time when Novak's column was published in July 2003.[27][29][30]

In his press conference on October 28, 2005, Special ProsecutorPatrick Fitzgeraldexplained the necessity of secrecy about hisgrand juryinvestigation that began in the fall of 2003— "when it was clear that Valerie Wilson's cover had been blown" —and the background and consequences of theindictmentof then high-ranking Bush Administration officialScooter Libbyas it pertained to her.[11]

Fitzgerald's subsequent replies to reporters' questions shed further light on the parameters of the leak investigation and what, as its lead prosecutor, bound by the rules of grand jury secrecy, he could and could not reveal legally at the time.[11]Official court documents released later, on April 5, 2006, reveal that Libby testified that "he was specifically authorized in advance" of his meeting withJudith Miller,reporter forThe New York Times,to disclose the "key judgments" of the October 2002classifiedNational Intelligence Estimate(NIE). According to Libby's testimony, "the Vice President later advised him that the President had authorized defendant to disclose the relevant portions of the NIE [to Judith Miller]."[31]According to his testimony, the information that Libby was authorized to disclose to Miller "was intended to rebut the allegations of an administration critic, former ambassadorJoseph Wilson."A couple of days after Libby's meeting with Miller, then–National Security AdvisorCondoleezza Ricetold reporters, "We don't want to try to get into kind of selective declassification" of the NIE, adding, "We're looking at what can be made available."[32]A "sanitized version" of the NIE in question was officially declassified on July 18, 2003, ten days after Libby's contact with Miller, and was presented at aWhite Housebackground briefing onweapons of mass destruction(WMD) in Iraq.[33]The NIE contains no references to Valerie Plame or her CIA status, but the Special Counsel has suggested that White House actions were part of "a plan to discredit, punish or seek revenge against Mr. Wilson."[34]President Bush had previously indicated that he would fire whoever had outed Plame.[32]

A court filing by Libby's defense team argued that Plame was not foremost in the minds of administration officials as they sought to rebut charges—made by her husband—that the White House manipulated intelligence to make a case for invasion. The filing indicated that Libby's lawyers did not intend to say that he was told to reveal Plame's identity.[35]The court filing also stated that "Mr. Libby plans to demonstrate that the indictment is wrong when it suggests that he and other government officials viewed Ms. Wilson's role in sending her husband toAfricaas important, "indicating that Libby's lawyers planned to callKarl Roveto the stand. Fitzgerald ultimately decided against pressing charges against Rove.[36]

The five-count indictment of Libby includedperjury(two counts),obstruction of justice(one count), andmaking false statementstofederal investigators(two counts). There was, however, no count for disclosing classified information, i.e., Plame's status as a CIA operative.

Libby trial[edit]

Main article:United States v. Libby
See also:Joseph C. Wilson § Reactions to the Libby trial and commutation

On March 6, 2007, Libby was convicted of obstruction of justice, making false statements, and two counts of perjury. He was acquitted on one count of making false statements. He was not charged for revealing Plame's CIA status. His sentence included a $250,000 fine, 30 months in prison and two years of probation. On July 2, 2007, PresidentGeorge W. BushcommutedLibby's sentence, removing the jail term but leaving in place the fine andprobation,calling the sentence "excessive."[37][38]In a subsequent press conference, on July 12, 2007, Bush noted, "...the Scooter Libby decision was, I thought, a fair and balanced decision."[39]The Wilsons responded to the commutation in statements posted by their legal counsel,Melanie Sloan,executive director ofCitizens for Responsibility and Ethics in Washington(CREW), and on their own legal support website. PresidentDonald Trumppardoned Libby on April 13, 2018.[40]

Wilson v. Cheney[edit]

Main article:Wilson v. Libby

On July 13, 2006, Joseph and Valerie Wilson filed a civil lawsuit against Rove, Libby, Vice PresidentDick Cheney,and other unnamed senior White House officials (to whom they later addedRichard Armitage)[41]for their alleged role in the public disclosure of Valerie Wilson's classified CIA status.[42]JudgeJohn D. Batesdismissed the Wilsons' lawsuit on jurisdictional grounds on July 19, 2007;[43][44][45][46]the Wilsons appealed. On August 12, 2008, in a 2-1 decision, the three-judge panel of theUnited States Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia Circuitupheld the dismissal.[47][48]Melanie Sloan,ofCitizens for Responsibility and Ethics in Washington,which represents the Wilsons, said "the group will request the full D.C. Circuit to review the case and appeal to theU.S. Supreme Court."[47][49]Agreeing with the Bush administration, the Obama Justice Department argued the Wilsons have no legitimate grounds to sue. On the current justice department position, Sloan stated: "We are deeply disappointed that the Obama administration has failed to recognize the grievous harm that Bush White House officials inflicted on Joe and Valerie Wilson. The government's position cannot be reconciled with President Obama's oft-stated commitment to once again make government officials accountable for their actions."[50]

On June 21, 2009, theU.S. Supreme Courtrefused to hear the appeal.[51]

House Oversight Committee hearing[edit]

On March 8, 2007, two days after the verdict in theLibby trial,CongressmanHenry Waxman,chair of theUnited States House Committee on Oversight and Government Reform,announced that his committee would ask Plame to testify on March 16, in an effort by his committee to look into "whether White House officials followed appropriate procedures for safeguarding Plame's identity."[52][53]

On March 16, 2007, at these hearings about the disclosure, Waxman read a statement about Plame's CIA career that had been cleared byCIA directorGen.Michael V. Haydenand the CIA, stating that she was undercover and that her employment status with the CIA was classified information prohibited from disclosure underExecutive Order 12958.

Subsequent reports in various news accounts focused on the following parts of her testimony:

  • "My name and identity were carelessly and recklessly abused by senior government officials in the White House and state department"; this abuse occurred for "purely political reasons."[54]
  • After her identity was exposed by officials in the Bush administration, she had to leave the CIA: "I could no longer perform the work for which I had been highly trained."[55]
  • She did not select her husband for a CIA fact-finding trip to Niger, but an officer senior to her selected him and told her to ask her husband if he would consider it: "I did not recommend him. I did not suggest him. There was nonepotisminvolved. I did not have the authority [...]. "[55]

Fair Game[edit]

Main article:Fair Game: My Life as a Spy, My Betrayal by the White House

Plame's husband Joseph Wilson announced on March 6, 2007, that the couple had "signed a deal withWarner BrosofHollywoodto offer their consulting services—or maybe more—in the making of the forthcoming movie about the Libby trial, "their lives and the CIA leak scandal.[56]The feature film, a co-production between Weed Road'sAkiva GoldsmanandJerry and Janet ZuckerofZucker Productionswith a screenplay byJezandJohn-Henry Butterworthto be based in part on Valerie Wilson'smemoirFair Game(contingent on CIA clearances) originally scheduled for release in August 2007, but ultimately published on October 22, 2007.[57]

In May 2006,The New York Timesreported that Valerie Wilson agreed to a $2.5 million book deal withCrown Publishing Group,a division ofRandom House.Steve Ross, senior vice president and publisher of Crown, told the Times that the book would be her "first airing of her actual role in the American intelligence community, as well as the prominence of her role in the lead-up to the war."[58]Subsequently, theNew York Timesreported that the book deal fell through and that Plame was in exclusive negotiations withSimon & Schuster.[58]Ultimately, Simon and Schuster publicly confirmed the book deal, though not the financial terms and, at first, no set publication date.[24][59]

Valerie Plame and journalistNina Burleigh,October 2016

On May 31, 2007, various news media reported that Simon and Schuster and Valerie Wilson were suingJ. Michael McConnell,Director of National Intelligence,andMichael V. Hayden,Director of the CIA,arguing that the CIA "is unconstitutionally interfering with the publication of her memoir,Fair Game,... set to be published in October [2007], by not allowing Plame to mention the dates that she served in the CIA. "[60][61]Judge Barbara S. Jones, of theUnited States District Court for the Southern District of New York,inManhattan,interpreted the issue in favor of the CIA. Therefore, the ruling stated that Plame would not be able to describe in her memoir the precise dates she had worked for the CIA. In 2009, the federal court of appeals for the Second Circuit affirmed Judge Jones's ruling.

On October 31, 2007, in an interview withCharlie Rosebroadcast onThe Charlie Rose Show,Valerie Wilson discussed many aspects relating to her memoir: theCIA leak grand jury investigation;United States v. Libby,the civil suit which she and her husband were at the time still pursuing against Libby, Cheney, Rove, and Armitage; and other matters presented in her memoir relating to her covert work with the CIA.[62]

Valerie Plame atMoravian CollegeOctober 2008

The film,Fair Game,was released November 5, 2010, starringNaomi WattsandSean Penn.It is based on two books, one written by Plame, and the other by her husband.[63]TheWashington Posteditorial page, led by editor Fred Hiatt, a vocal supporter of the Iraq War,[64]who blamed Wilson for Plame's identity being leaked,[65]described the movie as being "full of distortions—not to mention outright inventions",[66]while news reporters Walter Pincus and Richard Leiby atThe Washington Postdisagreed, saying "The movie holds up as a thoroughly researched and essentially accurate account—albeit with caveats".[67]

In May 2011, it was announced that Plame would write a series of spy novels with mystery writer Sarah Lovett. The first book in the series, titledBlowback,was released on October 1, 2013, by Blue Rider Press, an imprint of thePenguin Group.[68]

Anti Trump fundraiser[edit]

In August 2017, Plame set up aGoFundMefundraising page in an attempt to buy a majority interest inTwitterand kick U.S. PresidentDonald Trumpoff the network.[69][70][71]She launched her campaign because she believes that Donald Trump 'emboldens white supremacists' and encourages 'violence against journalists'.[72]

Titled "Let's #BuyTwitter and #BanTrump", she set the campaign's goal to $1 billion; her campaign raised $88,000.[72]

Antisemitism controversy[edit]

In September 2017, Plame tweeted a link to an article fromThe Unz Reviewwebsite posted byPhilip Giraldi,titled "America's Jews Are Driving America's Wars", repeating the title of the article in her tweet.[73][74]The article said that certain "American Jews who lack any shred of integrity" should be given a special label when appearing on television: "kind-of-like a warning label on a bottle of rat poison."[74]Amid criticism, Plame first defended her posts, replying on Twitter that "Many neocon hawks ARE Jewish."[74][75]She also said that people should "read the entire article" without "biases", writing in defense of herself after the initial backlash:[76]“read the entire article, just for a moment, to put aside your biases and think clearly."[77]

Within two hours, she deleted her initial post and apologized, tweeting "OK folks, look, I messed up. I skimmed this piece, zeroed in on the neocon criticism, and shared it without seeing and considering the rest. I missed gross undercurrents to this article & didn't do my homework on the platform this piece came from. Now that I see it, it's obvious. Apologies all. There is so much there that's problematic AF and I should have recognized it sooner. Thank you for pushing me to look again. I'm not perfect and make mistakes. This was a doozy. All I can do is admit them, try to be better, and read more thoroughly next time, Ugh."[78]Ramesh Ponnuruand Caleb Ecarma have argued that the incident followed a pattern of her posting antisemitic content, and of Plame making jokes about "rich Jews".[79][76]She had tweeted at least eight articles from the same website before,[80]in which she previously retweeted links toconspiracy theoriesof 'dancing Israelis' being behind the9/11 attacks.[81]

Congressional run[edit]

Main article:2020 United States House of Representatives elections in New Mexico § District 3

In May 2019, Plame announced her candidacy for theUnited States House of RepresentativesforNew Mexico's 3rd congressional districtin the2020 elections.[82]The seat, in northern New Mexico, was being vacated by Democratic RepresentativeBen Ray Luján,who ran for Senate instead.[82][83]She outspent her rivals with funding from outside her district.[84]On June 2, 2020, she was defeated in the seven-way Democratic primary election byTeresa Leger Fernandez.[84]Fernandez received 44,480 votes, Plame 25,775 votes, andJoseph L. Sanchez12,292 votes.[85]

Personal life[edit]

After graduating from Penn State in 1985, Plame married Todd Sesler; the marriage ended in divorce in 1989.[7]In 1997, while working for theCentral Intelligence Agency(CIA), Plame met former AmbassadorJoseph C. Wilson.[86][6][87]They were married on April 3, 1998.[88]At the time they met, Wilson related in his memoir, he wasseparatedfrom his second wife Jacqueline. Theydivorcedafter 12 years of marriage so that he could marry Plame.[86]They had two children, twins Trevor Rolph and Samantha Finnell Diana, born in 2000. Wilson and Plame divorced in 2017.[89]Wilson died in 2019. Plame married Dr.Joseph Shepard,President of Western New Mexico University, in 2020.

Prior to the disclosure of her CIA job, the family lived inThe Palisades, Washington, D.C.[7]After she resigned from the CIA following the disclosure of her CIA position, in January 2006, the family moved toSanta Fe, New Mexico,[90][10]where Plame served as a consultant to theSanta Fe Instituteuntil 2016. In a 2011 interview, Plame said she and Wilson had received threats while living in the D.C. metro area, and that the New Mexico location was calm.[91]

Plame was involved in the2016 presidential campaignof Democratic candidateHillary Clinton.[92]

Explanatory notes[edit]

  1. ^Eyewitness History,"Former CIA Agent Valerie Plame Discusses Bush Administration's Identity Leak and Aftermath, Spying & Espionage"
  2. ^Associated Press,"The Real Valerie Plame"ArchivedJanuary 16, 2009, at theWayback Machine,reposted inEditor and Publisher,May 30, 2005, accessed August 12, 2007.
  3. ^Wilson, Valerie Plame (2007).Fair Game: My Life as a Spy, My Betrayal by the White House.Simon & Schuster. p. 314.ISBN9781416583363.
  4. ^Wilson, pp. 173–174.
  5. ^Spivak, Rachel (October 9, 2003)."CIA Agent Linked to Collegian".The Daily Collegian Online.Archived fromthe originalon May 25, 2011.
  6. ^abGoffard, Christopher(August 8, 2005)."Valerie Plame: Smart, Private, 'Waltons' Fan".St. Petersburg Times.Archived fromthe originalon March 3, 2016.RetrievedJune 8,2008– via tampabay.
  7. ^abcdefWard, Vicky (January 2004)."Double Exposure".Vanity Fair.Archived fromthe originalon April 6, 2008.Alt URL
  8. ^"Fair Game: My Life as a Spy, My Betrayal by the White House".
  9. ^Former Spy Accused Of Anti-Semitism Eyeing Senate RunMarch 29, 2019, By Aiden Pink, The Forward
  10. ^abcLiptak, Adam (August 3, 2007)."Judge Backs C.I.A. in Suit On Memoir".The New York Times.RetrievedMarch 23,2008.
  11. ^abc"Transcript of Special Counsel Fitzgerald's Press Conference",The Washington Post,October 28, 2005, accessed July 15, 2006.
  12. ^Kane, Muriel; Edwards, Dave (October 20, 2007)."CBS confirms 2006 Raw Story scoop: Plame's job was to keep nukes from Iran".Raw Story.Archived fromthe originalon September 14, 2008.RetrievedOctober 22,2007.
  13. ^Patrick Fitzgerald,"August 27, 2004 Affidavit of Patrick J. FitzgeraldPlaced in Public File Pursuant to Opinion Released February 3, 2006 ", online posting,The Wall Street Journal,February 3, 2006: 28 n. 15, accessed August 7, 2007.
  14. ^"Unclassified Summary of Valerie Wilson's CIA Employment and Cover History"(PDF).(2.63MiB),"Exhibit A" in sentencing memorandum exhibits,United States v. Libby,online posting of public document,The Next Hurrah(blog), May 26, 2007: 2–3.
  15. ^"Valerie Plame, Covert After All".Salon.May 30, 2007.RetrievedAugust 12,2007.
  16. ^Bumiller, Elisabeth (October 5, 2003)."Debating a Leak: The Director: C.I.A. Chief Is Caught in Middle by Leak Inquiry".The New York Times.
  17. ^Larry C. Johnson,"The Big Lie about Valerie Plame"ArchivedJanuary 25, 2008, at theWayback Machine,tpmcafe (Special Guest blog), June 13, 2005, accessed July 15, 2006. (Johnson is "a former CIA analyst who was in Plame's officer training class in 1985–86" and Deputy Director for Special Operations, Transportation Security, and Anti-Terrorism Assistance in the U.S. State Department's Office of Counter Terrorism until October 1993.)
  18. ^Duffy, Michael; Burger, Timothy J. (October 19, 2003)."NOC. Who's There? A Special Kind of Agent".Time.Archived fromthe originalon October 22, 2007.RetrievedSeptember 25,2006.
  19. ^Leiby, Richard;Priest, Dana(October 8, 2003)."The Spy Next Door: Valerie Wilson, Ideal Mom, Was Also the Ideal Cover".The Washington Post.p. A01. Archived fromthe originalon August 10, 2018.RetrievedOctober 31,2006.
  20. ^Kuhn, Carolyn (January 31, 2007)."Libby Trial: Plame, Brewster, Ellmann, Edwards, Dennehy, Jennings: Not Secret?".dc.indymedia.org. Archived fromthe originalon October 22, 2007.RetrievedMay 5,2007.
  21. ^"Novak: 'No great crime' with leak"ArchivedNovember 16, 2017, at theWayback Machine.Wednesday, October 1, 2003, CNN
  22. ^Crewdson, John (March 11, 2006)."Plame's identity, if truly a secret, was thinly veiled".Chicago Tribune.Archived fromthe originalon November 15, 2007.RetrievedSeptember 25,2006.
  23. ^Jones, Ishmael (2008).The Human Factor: Inside the CIA's Dysfunctional Intelligence Culture.Encounter Books.p. 255.ASINB003XU7IF4.
  24. ^abcDavid Corn,"What Valerie Plame Really Did at the CIA",The Nation(web only), September 6, 2006. Citing information in the bookHubris: The Inside Story of Spin, Scandal, and the Selling of the Iraq War,co-written by Corn andMichael Isikoff.
  25. ^Attachment A:ArchivedOctober 3, 2006, at theWayback MachineUnclassified Report to Congress on the Acquisition of Technology Relating to Weapons of Mass Destruction and Advanced Conventional Munitions, July 1 Through 31 December 200[2],Office of the Directorate of Central Intelligence (ODCI),CIA,Dec. 2002, accessed October 27, 2006.
  26. ^Unclassified Report to Congress:ArchivedSeptember 30, 2006, at theWayback Machineon the Acquisition of Technology Relating to Weapons of Mass Destruction and Advanced Conventional Munitions, January 1 Through June 30, 2002,Office of the Directorate of Central Intelligence (ODCI),CIA,June 2002, accessed October 27, 2006.
  27. ^abSeidman, Joel (May 29, 2007)."Plame Was 'covert' Agent at Time of Name Leak: Newly Released Unclassified Document Details CIA Employment".NBC News.RetrievedAugust 10,2007.
  28. ^Moran, Christopher (2015).Company Confessions: Secrets, Memoirs, and the CIA.New York City: Thomas Dunne Books. pp. 266–7.ISBN978-1250047137.The fallout was huge. Novak's column effectively ended Plame's CIA career. With her cover blown, she eventually resigned in December 2005
  29. ^"Statement of Rep. Henry A. Waxman, Chairman"(PDF).Archived fromthe original(PDF)on March 25, 2009.(156KiB),"Committee on Oversight and Government Reform Hearing on Disclosure of CIA Agent Valerie Plame Wilson's ldentity and White House Procedures for Safeguarding Classified Information", online posting,United States House Committee on Oversight and Government Reform,oversight.house.gov,March 16, 2007: 2, accessed March 19, 2007
  30. ^"Investigations: Disclosure of CIA Agent Identity"ArchivedAugust 26, 2009, at theWayback Machineand"Disclosure of CIA Agent Identity:ArchivedApril 19, 2007, at theWayback MachineHearing Examines Exposure of Covert CIA Agent Valerie Plame Wilson's Identity ",United States House Committee on Oversight and Government Reform(Oversight Committee), March 16, 2007, accessed July 10, 2007. (Hyperlinks in menu, including streaming video of hearing; box with "Documents and Links", featuring documents chart"Disclosures of Valerie Plame Wilson's Classified CIA Employment"(PDF).Archived fromthe original(PDF)on August 26, 2009.RetrievedFebruary 8,2016.(35.9KiB).)
  31. ^"U.S. vs. I. Lewis Libby"(PDF).November 19, 2010.(200KiB),as posted online inThe Smoking Gun(blog), April 5, 2006, accessed July 15, 2006.
  32. ^abMichael Isikoff,"The Leaker in Chief?"Newsweek,April 4, 2006, accessed July 15, 2006.
  33. ^"Iraq's Continuing Programs for Weapons of Mass Destruction",fas.org(blog), accessed July 15, 2006.
  34. ^David E. Sanger,"Special Prosecutor Links White House to CIA Leak",San Francisco Gate(blog), April 11, 2006, accessed July 15, 2006.
  35. ^"'Scooter' Won't Play Plame Blame Game"[permanent dead link],New York Post,April 14, 2006, accessed July 15, 2006.
  36. ^Don Gonyea,Rove Won't Be Charged in CIA Leak Case,NPR,Morning Edition(June 13, 2006).
  37. ^Grant of Executive Clemency
  38. ^Statement by the President on Executive Clemency for Lewis Libby
  39. ^Press Conference by the President,July 12, 2007, accessed August 11, 2007.
  40. ^Liptak, Kevin (April 13, 2018)."Trump pardons ex-Cheney aide Scooter Libby".CNN.RetrievedApril 13,2018.
  41. ^"Armitage Added to Plame Law Suit",CBS News,September 13, 2006, accessed September 25, 2006; includes PDF. Cf.Amended complaintatFindLaw.
  42. ^Proskauer RoseLLP,"Valerie Plame Wilson and Ambassador Joseph Wilson Initiate a Civil ActionAgainst Vice President Cheney, Karl Rove, and Scooter Libby for Violations of their Constitutional and Other Legal Rights ",Yahoo!Business Wire(Press Release), July 13, 2006, accessed July 15, 2006; cf."Lame Plame Game Flames Out"(PDF).(41.8KiB),rpt. inHow Appealing(blog), July 13, 2006, accessed July 15. 2006.
  43. ^Associated Press,"Valerie Plame's Lawsuit Dismissed",USA Today,July 19, 2007, accessed July 19, 2007.
  44. ^"Judge Tosses Out Ex-Spy's Lawsuit Against Cheney in CIA Leak Case",CNN,July 19, 2007, accessed July 19, 2007.
  45. ^Carol D. Leonnig,"Plame's Lawsuit Against Top Officials Dismissed",The Washington Post,July 20, 2007, accessed July 20, 2007.
  46. ^"Memorandum Opinion",in "Valerie Wilson, et al., Plaintiffs, v. I. Lewis Libby, Jr., et al., Defendants", "Civil Action No. 06-1258 (JDB)",United States District Court for the District of Columbia,July 19, 2007, accessed July 20, 2007.
  47. ^abSusan Decker and Cary O'Reilly,"Cheney, Rove, Libby Win Plame Suit Dismissal Appeal (Update2)",Bloomberg,August 12, 2008, accessed August 13, 2008.
  48. ^"DC Circuit Court Opinion"[permanent dead link]atFindLaw,August 12, 2008, accessed August 13, 2008.
  49. ^"Wilson's (sic) Response to D.C. Circuit Court Upholding Bates Decision",The Joseph and Valerie Wilson Legal Support Trust,August 12, 2008, accessed August 14, 2008.
  50. ^"Obama Administration Opposes Joe and Valerie Wilson's Request for Supreme Court Appeal in Suit Against Cheney, Rove, Libby and Armitage"ArchivedFebruary 22, 2011, at theWayback Machine,Citizens for Responsibility and Ethics in Washington(CREW), May 20, 2009, accessed May 22, 2009.
  51. ^"Supreme Court will not revive Valerie Plame lawsuit"ArchivedJanuary 5, 2013, atarchive.today,The Washington Examiner,June 21, 2009. Retrieved May 26, 2012.
  52. ^"Plame to Testify to Congress on Leak".Reuters.March 8, 2007.RetrievedMarch 31,2022.
  53. ^"Disclosure of CIA Identity"ArchivedApril 19, 2007, at theWayback Machine,online posting,United States House Committee on Oversight and Government Reform,oversight.house.gov,March 16, 2007, accessed March 19, 2007.
  54. ^"Outed CIA Agent Criticises White House Officials",The GuardianMarch 16, 2007, accessed March 19, 2007.
  55. ^abRichard Allen Greene,"Ex-spy Makes Tough Bush Critic",BBC News,March 16, 2007, accessed March 19, 2007.
  56. ^Matt Frei,"Washington diary: Libby, the Movie",BBC News(Washington), March 7, 2007, accessed March 18, 2007; cf. transcript of Larry King interview with Joseph C. Wilson,Nicole Kidmanwill play Valerie Plame."Ex-Cheney Aide Found Guilty",Larry King Live,CNN,broadcast March 6, 2007, accessed March 18, 2007.
  57. ^Fleming, Michael (March 1, 2007)."Plame Film in Works at Warner Bros.: Studio Sets Movie about CIA Leak Scandal".Variety.RetrievedMarch 18,2007.
  58. ^abRich, Motoko (May 5, 2006)."Valerie Plame Gets Book Deal".The New York Times.RetrievedJuly 15,2006.
  59. ^Hillel Italie (Associated Press),"Ex-CIA Officer Finds New Memoir Publisher"ArchivedJuly 20, 2006, at theWayback Machine,The Mercury NewsJuly 13, 2006, accessed July 15, 2006. (Free registration required.)
  60. ^"Valerie Plame Wilson Suing CIA",WNBC(Channel 4,New York City), May 31, 2007, accessed June 10, 2007.
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