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Vertigo Comics

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Not to be confused withVertigo EntertainmentorVertigo Films.
"DC Vertigo" redirects here. For the DC Comics villain, seeCount Vertigo.
Vertigo Comics
Final logo (2018–20)
Parent companyDC Comics
Founded1993;31 years ago(1993)
FounderKaren Berger
DefunctJanuary 5, 2020;4 years ago(2020-01-05)
SuccessorDC Black Label
Country of originUnited States
Headquarters locationNew York City
Publication typesComic books
Imprints
List
    • Vertigo Visions
    • Vertigo Voices
    • Vertigo Vérité
    • V2K
    • Vertigo Pop!
    • Vertigo X
    • Vertigo Crime
Official websitedccomics /imprint/dc-vertigo

Vertigo Comics(also known asDC Vertigoor simplyVertigo) was animprintofAmerican comic bookpublisherDC Comicsstarted by editorKaren Bergerin 1993. Vertigo's purpose was to publish comics withadult content,such as nudity, drug use, profanity, and graphic violence, that did not fit the restrictions of DC's main line, thus allowing more creative freedom. Its titles consisted of company-owned comics set in theDC Universe,such asThe SandmanandHellblazer,andcreator-ownedworks, such asPreacher,Y: The Last ManandFables.

Vertigo grew out of DC's mature readers' line of the 1980s, which began after DC stopped submittingThe Saga of the Swamp Thingfor approval by theComics Code Authority.Following the success of two adult-oriented 1986limited series,Batman: The Dark Knight ReturnsandWatchmen,DC's output of mature readers titles, edited byKaren Berger,grew. By 1992, DC's mature readers' line was editorially separate from its main line and Berger was given permission to start her own imprint. Vertigo was launched in January 1993, with a mix of existing DCongoing seriesand new series. The first original Vertigo series wasDeath: The High Cost of Living,aSandmanspin-offfeaturing the characterDeath.

Although its initial publications were primarily in thehorrorandfantasygenres, over time Vertigo published works dealing with crime, social commentary, speculative fiction, biography, and other genres. Vertigo also adopted works previously published by DC under other imprints, such asV for VendettaandTransmetropolitan.The imprint pioneered in North America the publishing model in which monthly series sold through comic book shops are periodically collected into editions which are kept in print for bookstore sale. As DC's most popular and enduring imprint, several Vertigo series won the comics industry'sEisner Award,including for "best continuing series", and were adapted to film and television.

The imprint began to decline in the 2010s, as certain properties likeHellblazerandSwamp Thingwere re-integrated into DC's main comic books, while Berger departed in 2013. Berger's departure was followed by a series of editorial restructures, culminating in the imprint's relaunch as DC Vertigo in 2018, but the relaunch suffered a multitude of setbacks, including numerous cancellations. Vertigo imprint was discontinued in January 2020 by DC Comics as part of a plan to publish all the company's comics under a single banner, withDC Black Labeltaking its place as DC's mature readers' imprint.

History[edit]

Development[edit]

Vertigo originated in 1993 under the stewardship ofKaren Berger,a former literature and art-history student, who had joinedDC Comicsin 1979 as an assistant editor. Berger edited proto-Vertigo titles from the start of her time with DC, beginning in 1981 withHouse of Mystery.[1]She took over editorship ofAlan Moore'sSwamp Thingrun from Swamp Thing co-creatorLen Weinin 1984, and in 1986 "became DC's British liaison", bringing to DC's pre-Vertigo titles the individuals who would be instrumental in the creation and evolution of Vertigo seven years later,[2]includingNeil Gaiman,Jamie Delano,Peter Milligan,andGrant Morrison.[3]She "found their sensibility and point of view to be refreshingly different, edgier and smarter" than those of most American comics writers.[3]

Berger edited several new or revived series with these writers, includingsuperhero/science fictionseries such asAnimal Man,Doom Patrolvol. 2, andShade, the Changing Manvol. 2,fantasyseriesThe Sandmanvol. 2, andhorrortitlesHellblazerandThe Saga of the Swamp Thing.[4]She also edited limited series such asKid Eternity,Black Orchid(Gaiman's first work for DC)[5]andThe Books of Magiclimited series.

These six ongoing titles, all of which carried a "Suggested for Mature Readers" label on their covers,[6]shared a sophistication-driven sensibility the comics fan media dubbed "the Bergerverse".[7]In a 1992 editorial meeting with Levitz, publisherJenette Kahn,andmanaging editorDick Giordano,Berger was given the mandate to place these titles under an imprint that, as Berger described, would "do something different in comics and help the medium 'grow up'".[7]Several DC titles bearing the age advisory, such asGreen Arrow,Blackhawk,andThe Question(the last two cancelled before the launch of Vertigo), did not make the transition to the new imprint.[8]

Meanwhile,Disney Comicsand former DC editor Art Young had been developing an imprint to be called Touchmark Comics, analogous to Disney's mature-audiencesTouchstone Picturesstudio. This project was abandoned following the so-called"Disney Implosion"of1991.Young and those works were brought into the Vertigo fold, allowing Berger to expand the imprint's publishing plans with the limited seriesEnigma,Sebastian O,Mercy,andShadows Fall.[9][10]

Initial year[edit]

Vertigo was launched in January 1993 with a mixture of existing ongoing series continued under the new imprint, new ongoing and limited series, and single-volume collections or graphic novels. Their publishing plan for the first year involved two new titles – whether ongoing/limited series or one-shots – each month. The existing series (cover date March 1993) wereShade, the Changing Man(starting with #33),The Sandman(#47),Hellblazer(#63),Animal Man(#57),Swamp Thing(#129), andDoom Patrol(#64, with new writerRachel Pollack).

The first comic book published under the "Vertigo" imprint was the first issue ofDeath: The High Cost of Living,a three-issue series by Neil Gaiman andChris Bachalo.The second new title was the first issue ofEnigma,an 8-issue limited series initially planned to launch Touchmark, written by Peter Milligan (also author ofShade, the Changing Man) and drawn byDuncan Fegredo,the artist from Grant Morrison's earlierKid Eternitylimited series.[9]The following month saw the debut ofSandman: Mystery TheatrebyMatt WagnerandSteven T. Seagle,and illustrated primarily byGuy Davis,described as "playing the '30s with a '90s feel... haunting,film noir-ish... ", and starring originalSandmanWesley Doddsin a title whose "sensibilities echocrime genre fiction".[9]Joining it wasJ. M. DeMatteisand Paul Johnson's 64-page one-shotMercy.

New series that began in the months that followed includeKid Eternity(ongoing) byAnn NocentiandSean Phillips(continuing from the earlier Morrison-penned limited series), Grant Morrison andSteve Yeowell's three-issuesteampunklimited seriesSebastian O(another ex-Touchmark project),Skin GraftbyJerry ProsserandWarren Pleece,The Last Oneby DeMatteis andDan Sweetman,Jonah Hex:Two-Gun MojobyTim TrumanandSam Glanzman,Black Orchid(ongoing) by Dick Foreman andJill Thompson(continuing from the earlier Gaiman/McKean limited series),The ExtremistbyPeter MilliganandTed McKeever,ScarabbyJohn SmithwithScot Eatonand Mike Barreiro, andThe Children's Crusade,acrossoverinvolving several of the imprint's ongoing series.The Books of Magiclimited series was relaunched as an ongoing series written byJohn Ney Rieber,and illustrated byPeter Gross(later also writer), Gary Amaro, andPeter Snejbjerg.

Although the books did not have a consistent "house style"of art, the cover designs of early Vertigo series featured a uniformtrade dresswith a vertical bar along the left side, which included the imprint logo, pricing, date, and issue numbers.[9]The design layout continued with very little variation until issues cover-dated July 2002 (includingFables#1) which introduced an across-the-top layout ahead of 2003's "Vertigo X" 10th anniversary celebration. The "distinctive design" was intended to be used on "all Vertigo books except the hardcovers, trade paperbacks, and graphic novels".[9]Berger noted that DC was "very" committed to the line, having put a "lot of muscle behind" promoting it, including a promotional launch kit made available to "[r]etailers who order[ed] at least 25 copies of the February issue ofSandman[#47] ", a" platinum edition "variant cover forDeath: The High Cost of Living#1 and a 75-centVertigo Previewcomic featuring a specially written seven-pageSandmanstory by Gaiman andKent Williams.[9]In addition, a 16-pageVertigo Samplerwas also produced and bundled with copies ofCapital City Distribution'sAdvance Comicssolicitation index.[9]

Vertigo publications generally did not take place in a shared universe. However, several of the early series which had begun as part of the mainDC Universehad a "crossover" in 1993-94:The Children's Crusade.The event "did not yield smashing results" or garnered many positive reviews, in large part due to its "gimmicky" nature, which ran counter to Vertigo's quirky, non-mainstream appeal and customer-base.[11]The event was defended as "no marketing ploy" by one of the event's editors, Lou Stathis, who wrote of his dislike of the often "crass manipulation" of crossover events, defendingThe Children's Crusadeas having come not from marketing, but the writers' minds, and therefore being "story-driven" rather than manipulative.[12]The crossover did not become an annual event, however — indeed, "annuals" linked to Vertigo series rarely reappeared after this event.

Works previously published by DC under other imprints, but which fit the general character of Vertigo, have been reprinted under this imprint. This has includedV for Vendetta,earlier issues of Vertigo's ongoing launch series, and books from discontinued imprints such asTransmetropolitan(initially under DC's short-livedsci-fiHeliximprint) andA History of Violence(originally part of theParadox Pressline).

Two of the new ongoing series did not last long;Kid Eternitywas cancelled after 16 issues, andBlack Orchidcontinued for only 22.Sandman Mystery Theatreand most of the pre-existing series continued for several years, includingSandmanwhich reached its planned conclusion with #75.Hellblazerwas the last of the original ongoing series to be canceled, ceasing publication in February 2013 with #300.[13]

Berger wonEisner Awardsfor her editing in 1992, 1994 and 1995 for her work on the proto- and early Vertigo titlesSandman,Shade,Kid Eternity,Books of Magic,Death: The High Cost of LivingandSandman Mystery Theatre.

Middle period[edit]

As the imprint's initial ongoing series came to their ends, new series were launched to replace them, with varying degrees of success.The Sandmanwas replaced following its completion byThe Dreaming(1996–2001) andThe Sandman Presents,which featured stories about the characters from Neil Gaiman's series, written by other creators. Other long-running series have beenThe Invisiblesby Grant Morrison and various artists (1994–2000);PreacherbyGarth EnnisandSteve Dillon(1995–2000);TransmetropolitanbyWarren EllisandDarick Robertson(1997–2002);100 BulletsbyBrian AzzarelloandEduardo Risso(1999–2009);LuciferbyMike Carey,Peter Gross,andRyan Kelly(2000–2006);Y: The Last ManbyBrian K. VaughanandPia Guerra(2002–2008);DaytripperbyFábio MoonandGabriel Bá(2010);DMZbyBrian WoodandRiccardo Burchielli(2005–2012); andFablesbyBill Willingham,Mark Buckingham,and various other artists (2002–2015), which launched spin-offs includingJack of Fablesby Willingham,Lilah Sturges(credited as "Matthew Sturges" ), and various artists (2006–2011), andFairestby Willingham and various artists (2012–2015).

In 2003, the Vertigo imprint celebrated its 10th anniversary[14]by branding its books cover-dated April 2003 to February 2004 (i.e. released between February and December2003) with the labelVertigo X.This special subtitle was debuted on theVertigo X Anniversary Preview(April 2003), a 48-page special previewing Vertigo's upcoming projects and featuring a shortShade, the Changing Manstory by Peter Milligan and Mike Allred. Other projects highlighted includedDeath: At Death's Door,Jill Thompson's firstmanga-ized version of the "Season of Mists"storyline, and Gaiman's own return to the mythos with the hardcoverSandman: Endless Nightscollection of short stories spotlighting the seven members of theEndless(an eight-pageEndless Nights Previewissue was also released before the hardcover).

Berger oversaw the entire Vertigo line, and was promoted to the position of "Senior Vice President—Executive Editor, Vertigo" in July 2006.[15]Her promotion came as Vertigo was said to be equivalent to "the fourth largest American comic book publisher" in 2005, withPaul Levitzpraising her personally as having "built Vertigo into an imprint which is simultaneously one of comics' leading creative and commercial successes".[15]

The financial success of many Vertigo titles relied not on monthly issue sales, but on the subsequent "trade paperback" editions that reprinted the monthly comics in volumes, which were also sold in general-interest bookshops. Vertigo's success in popularizing this approach, beginning withSandman,led to a wider take-up in the American comics industry of routinely reprinting monthly series in this format.[16]

Vertigo Visions[edit]

Vertigo Visions was an irregular series of self-contained short stories featuring characters from the DC Universe, reinterpreted or recontextualized.

Vertigo Visions: Artwork from the Cutting Edge of Comicswas a 2000 collection of artwork from various Vertigo titles, with commentary by Alisa Kwitney.[18]

Vertigo Voices[edit]

The Vertigo Voices featured creator-owned "distinctive one-shot stories".[19]

Vertigo Vérité[edit]

The short-lived "Vérité" line, evoking the realism ofCinéma vérité,"was a 1996–98 attempt to promote new Vertigo projects devoid of the supernatural qualities that had gotten to define the publisher".[20]

  • Seven Miles a Second(May 1996) byDavid WojnarowiczandJames Romberger,published after Wojnarowicz' death fromAIDS,about his experiences of living with the disease.[21]
  • The System#1–3 (May–July 1996) byPeter Kuper,dealt wordlessly with "class warfare in the big city".[22]
  • Girl#1–3 (July–September 1996) byPeter MilliganandDuncan Fegredo,a hyper-realistic tale of a disaffected teenage girl prone to "all-consuming daydreams...needed to cope with life itself" caught up in a tale of murder and mundanity.[20]
  • The Unseen Hand#1–4 (September–December 1996) byTerry LaBanandIlya,a college student caught up in anIlluminati-like conspiracy.[23]
  • Hell Eternal(April 1998) byJamie DelanoandSean Phillips

V2K[edit]

The "fifth-week event"brandV2K(Vertigo 2000), was a "much hyped concept" whose titles were designed to "usher...in the new millennium" and, as such, several of them were limited series rather than one-shots.[24]

Vertigo Pop![edit]

The Vertigo Pop limited series were designed "to be about pop culture around the globe in some vaguely defined way".[25]

  • Vertigo Pop: Tokyo#1–4 (September–December 2002) byJonathan VankinandSeth Fisher
  • Vertigo Pop: London#1–4 (January–April 2003) by Peter Milligan and Philip Bond
  • Vertigo Pop: Bangkok#1–4 (July–October 2003) by Vankin andGiuseppe Camuncoli

Vertigo Crime[edit]

At the 2008Comic-Con InternationalKaren Berger outlined plans for a new "sub-imprint"[26]called Vertigo Crime, a line of graphic novels, in black and white, hardcover.[27]It was launched in 2009 with two titles:Brian Azzarello'sFilthy RichandIan Rankin'sDark Entries,the latter featuringJohn Constantine.[26][27][28][29]Each volume features a cover illustration byLee Bermejo.Vertigo Crime ended as a sub-imprint in 2011.

The following original graphic novels have been published under the Vertigo Crime imprint (in order of publication):

Editorial changes, "relaunch", and discontinuation[edit]

Karen Berger left the company in March 2013.[30]Berger's position at the head of Vertigo was filled byShelly Bond,who had begun editing for the imprint in 1993. However, in 2016, DC "restructured" Vertigo, eliminating Bond's position,[31]and oversight of Vertigo was placed underJamie S. Rich,until May 2017 when Mark Doyle became the new editor.[32]

In 2018, DC Comics announced a "line-wide relaunch and rebranding" as "DC Vertigo", including 11 new ongoing titles planned for the coming year, under Doyle's editorship.[33][34]These included a new sub-imprint based on Neil Gaiman'sSandmanwith four new ongoing series, announced in March,[34]and seven new series announced in June.[33]

The relaunch experienced a number of complications.Border TownbyEric M. Esquiveland Ramon Villalobos dealt with immigration and Latino identity, for which Esquivel received death threats in advance of its publication.[35]The series was well received by critics, but after four issues were published, Esquivel was accused of sexually and emotionally abusing a former partner.[36]Villalobos and colorist Tamra Bonvillain withdrew from the project, and DC cancelled the series, including issues that were ready for publication.[37]Meanwhile,Second ComingbyMark Russelland Richard Pace came under criticism from Christians and conservatives who considered its announced premise – in which Jesus Christ returns and lives as a roommate with a modern-day superhero – blasphemous and offensive. The series was cancelled before the first issue was published; Russell and Pace later published the series throughAhoy Comics.[38][39]Safe Sexby Tina Horn and Mike Dowling was also cancelled before its debut, and later published asSFSXbyImage Comics.[40][41]

DC Comics discontinued Vertigo imprint in January 2020. The DC Zoom and DC Ink imprints for children and young adolescents were also eliminated. Under the new plan, all of the company's comics were published under the "DC" brand, and categorized by intended reader age: DC Kids (8–12 years), DC (13+), andDC Black Label(17+).[42]TheSandman-related titles retained their new branding as "The Sandman Universe".

Creators[edit]

Editors[edit]

Panel of Vertigo comics creators at San DiegoComicCon2007.

In addition to Berger, several other editors have become linked to the imprint:

Art Youngstarted out as Karen Berger's assistant[43]and worked on pre-Vertigo issues ofAnimal Man,Hellblazer,Swamp Thing,The Sandman,Doom Patrol,Books of Magic,Skreemer,andKid Eternity.He then left DC in 1991 to work for Disney in setting up Touchmark, before returning with those projects to Vertigo in early 1993, when he edited debut titleEnigma,[10]and later miniseries and one-shots such asSebastian O,The Extremist,[44]Mercy,Rogan Gosh,The Mystery Play,andTank Girl: The Moovy.He edited all four of the "Vertigo Voices" titles in 1995, as well asShadows Fall,Ghostdancing,Egypt,Millennium Feverand bothTank Girlminiseries. Young's last editorial credit for Vertigo wasFlex Mentallo#1 (June 1996).

Shelly Bondwas Vertigo's executive editor until 2016. Berger hired her as an assistant editor in the winter of 1992, making her the last of the original Vertigo team to join.[45]Bond worked on many of Vertigo's top titles over the course of her tenure, includingThe Sandman,Shade, the Changing Man,Sandman Mystery Theatre,iZombie,Paul Pope'sHeavy Liquid,Fables,Ed Brubaker'sDeadenders,David Lapham'sYoung Liars,Mike Carey'sLucifer,andThe Invisibles.[45][46]She was promoted to executive editor and vice president ofVertigo Comicsin 2013, taking the place of Berger.[47][48][49]In April 2016, Bond was fired by DC Comics after restructuring.[50]"Shelly will never get full credit for all of the amazing things she did at Vertigo", Mike Allred wrote in 2016 in a tribute to Bond that featured many of the creators she worked with over the years.[51]

Tom Peyerwas a founding editor of Vertigo.[52]Tom was editor in 1990 with Karen Berger what would become the pillars of Vertigo:Hellblazer,Sandman(taking over from Art Young),Swamp ThingandShade, the Changing Man.He later editedDoom Patrol,Animal Man,Kid Eternity,andBlack Orchid,as well as two "Vertigo Visions" one-shots. Peyer left editing behind in 1994, returning to DC as a writer.[citation needed]

Stuart Mooreedited a wide range of Vertigo titles between 1991 and 2000, includingSwamp Thing,Books of Magic,Hellblazer,The Invisibles,PreacherandTransmetropolitan.One of his most important contributions to the line was hiring Garth Ennis to writeHellblazer.He helped start the DC imprintHelix,and broughtTransmetropolitanto Vertigo after Helix's demise.[53]

Axel Alonsobegan his editorial career at Vertigo editing titles likeHellblazer,Brian AzzarelloandEduardo Risso's100 Bullets,andGarth EnnisandSteve Dillon'sPreacher.[54]He left Vertigo for Marvel Comics in 2000 and eventually ascended to the role of editor-in-chief, a title he held until 2017.[55]

Will Dennisattended film school with Bond, who later recruited him as an assistant editor. He was promoted to editor a few months after Alonso departured for Marvel.[56]Dennis took over the editing of100 Bulletsand later editedBrian K. VaughanandPia Guerra'sY: The Last Manand Vaughan'sPride of Baghdadgraphic novel.[57][58]Dennis was responsible for bringing writersBrian Wood(DMZ) andJason Aaron(Scalped) to Vertigo and teamed writerAndy Diggleand artistJockon their breakout seriesThe Losers.[59]He was the editor who presided over the Vertigo Crime line of graphic novels.

Jonathan Vankinwas hired as an editor at Vertigo in 2004 after previously writing two of the line'sVertigo Popminiseries and several entries in theParadox Press"Big Book" series as well as several other non-comics works. He editedHarvey Pekar's Vertigo work:The Quitterhardcover and eight issues of Pekar'sAmerican Splendorautobiographical series. His other Vertigo editing credits includeThe Exterminators,Douglas Rushkoff'sTestament,novelistDenise Mina's run onHellblazer,IncognegrobyMat Johnson,andThe Alcoholicby novelist and essayistJonathan Ames.[60]

Writers[edit]

Early writers[edit]

Alan Mooreis strongly associated with the imprint for his work onSwamp Thingand his creation of John Constantine,[61]but he never produced work for the Vertigo imprint, having refused to work for parent company DC in the late 1980s.[62]HisSwamp Thingwork and theV for Vendettareprint-maxiseries were retroactively collected as Vertigo-issued TPBs.[63]

Grant MorrisonleftAnimal ManandDoom Patrolbefore the launch of Vertigo, but their work on those titles was similarly retroactively branded as "Vertigo" when collected. They wrote three volumes ofThe Invisiblesbetween1994and2000.In addition, they had produced a number of one-shots and miniseries includingSebastian O(1993),The Mystery Play(1994),Kill Your Boyfriend(1995), the Doom Patrol spin-offFlex Mentallo(1996),The Filth(2002–03),Seaguy(2004),Vimanarama(2005),We3(2004–05) andJoe The Barbarian(2010).

Neil Gaimancame to prominence four years pre-Vertigo with the launch ofThe Sandmanfor DC Comics, a title that became the backbone of the initial Vertigo line-up. HisDeathmini-series was part of the Vertigo launch, and his work on the firstThe Books of Magicminiseries (also released as a DC title, 1990–91) laid the groundwork for the long-running Vertigo Universe series of the same name, which featured young wizardTimothy Hunter.

Peter Milligancontributed two titles to the Vertigo launch. HisShade, the Changing Manwas launched in 1991, pre-Vertigo, and ran 70 issues until 1996, by which time it was under the Vertigo imprint. He also wrote the creator-owned eight-issue miniseriesEnigma(1993). Milligan andBrett Ewins's 1989 mini-seriesSkreemerwas subsequently collected by Vertigo. Milligan also wrote both aHuman Targetmini-series and ongoing series, the one-shotsThe EatersandFacefor the "Vertigo Voices" sub-imprint, and a number of other miniseries, includingThe Extremist,Tank Girl: The Odyssey,Egypt,Girl,The Minx,andVertigo Pop!: London.[64][44]

Jamie Delanowas the original writer of Vertigo's flagship seriesHellblazer,which spun-off from Moore's run onSwamp Thing.[65]Moore himself recommended Jamie Delano forHellblazer.[66]Delano left the series in 1991, before the launch of Vertigo, and was writing the imprint'sAnimal Manseries at the time. His other Vertigo works includedOutlaw Nation,Ghostdancing,and twoHellblazerminiseries,The HorroristandHellblazer Special: Bad Blood.[67]

Garth Ennistook overHellblazerfrom Delano and wrote it at the time of Vertigo's launch. Ennis's best-known Vertigo work was his and artistSteve Dillon's creator-ownedPreacher,which ran for 66 issues and six spin-off specials between 1995 and 2000. Ennis has also written several miniseries for Vertigo, includingGoddess(1995–96),Pride & Joy(1997),Unknown Soldier(1997), andAdventures in the Rifle Brigade(2001–02), as well as eight one-shotWar Storiesbetween 2001 and 2003. Two of his pre-Vertigo works —True Faith(serialized in Crisis) and the four-issue DC/HelixminiseriesBloody Mary(1996–7) – have had collections released under the Vertigo label.[68]

Rachel Pollack,who was writingDoom Patrolwhen Vertigo launched, continued on that title until #87 (Feb. 1995), the final issue. She is known for creating the first openly trans superhero,Coagula.[69]She also penned two "Vertigo Visions" specials — 1993'sThe Geekand 1998'sTomahawk.[70]

Nancy A. Collins,who wroteSwamp Thing#110–138 (Aug. 1991 – Dec. 1993), also wrote the 1996 one-shotDhampire: Stillborn.[71]

Matt Wagnerwrote the early Vertigo seriesSandman Mystery Theatreand co-wrote theSandman Midnight Theatrespecial with Neil Gaiman.[72]Wagner later wrote the 29-issueMadame Xanaduseries.[73]

Later writers[edit]

John Ney Rieberhas produced most of his output for Vertigo, working exclusively for the company between1994and 2000. Reiber wrote the first fifty issues of the first ongoingThe Books of Magicseries (May 1994 – July 1998), as well as a number of miniseries, mostly set in the wider Vertigo universe (and particularly the Sandman/Books of Magic sections) –Mythos: The Final Tour(1996–7),Hellblazer/The Books of Magic(1997–8),The Trenchcoat Brigade(1999),The Books of Faerie: Molly's Story(1999). Reiber'sShadows Fall(with artist John Van Fleet) was a self-created horror story grounded in a reality which made the tale "all the more creepy than if the story was played out in the realm and scope of superheroes".[74]Reiber'sTell Me Dark,produced for DC, was collected in softcover by Vertigo, and he also contributed to various anthologies.

J. M. DeMatteisbegan his comics career on DC'sHouse of Mysterytitle over a decade before the formation of Vertigo, and later became one of the earliest Vertigo creators thanks in large part to his proposed Touchmark projects. DeMatteis'Mercyone-shot and miniseriesThe Last Oneboth debuted in 1993, with reprints of two creator-ownedEpic Comicsprojects following in subsequent years: his 1985-87 creator-owned maxiseriesMoonshadowwas reprinted between 1994 and 1995, with the miniseriesBlood: A Taleseeing print again in 1996–7. DeMatteis also wrote fifteen issues ofSeekers into the Mystery(1996–7) for Vertigo.

Mike Carey,having started his American comics career withCaliber Comicsin the mid-1990s catapulted to prominence in March1999with the first issue of hisSandmanspin-off miniseriesSandman Presents: Lucifer,which would lead to an ongoing series a year later and considerable praise and projects for Carey. A second Sandman miniseries,Sandman Presents: Petrefax(2000), soon followed, before the June 2000 debut ofLucifer.Neil Gaiman's preferred Sandman spin-off had not had an easy time being published, due to its title and main character, but Carey was able to helm it for a Sandman - equalling 75 issues (and a 2002 one-shot:Nirvana) for 6 years. During this time, Carey also wrote the hardcover OGNSandman Presents: The Furies(2002), over 40 issues ofHellblazerbetween 2002 and 2006 and a 2005 Hellblazer original graphic novel,All His Engines.He also wrote a non-Sandman miniseries,My Faith in Frankie(2004), the comic book adaptation ofNeil Gaiman's Neverwhere(2005–6) and the OGNGod Save the Queen(2007). In 2007 he launched the ongoing seriesCrossing Midnight(2007–8) and the miniseriesFaker(2007–8).

Brian K. Vaughan's first Vertigo work was a short story in 2000'sWinter's Edge#3 anthology, which led to him relaunchingSwamp Thing(vol. 3) (2000–01), which lasted for 20 issues. In September2002,his (andPia Guerra's)Y: The Last Manlaunched. It would ultimately run for 60 issues until March 2008. Vaughan also wrote the 2006 OGNPride of Baghdadfor Vertigo.

Ed Brubaker's first Vertigo work was on the "Vertigo Visions"Prezone-shot (1995), and intermittent contributions to a couple of anthology titles preceded hisScene of the Crime(1999), effectively laying the groundwork for his later crime comics. His next Vertigo project, the post-apocalyptic seriesDeadenders(2000–01), ran for 16 issues while Brubaker wrote for bothBatmanandDetective Comicsfor parent-company DC. His 2001 miniseriesSandman Presents: The Dead Boy Detectivestold the story of some incidental Sandman characters, and was later retold byJill Thompsoninmangaform (2005). Brubaker subsequently took his Vertigo/crime sensibility to work fromWildStorm,Iconand the mainstream DC and Marvel universes.

Bill Willinghamcame to Vertigo after a plethora of small press work in 1999 to launch his poker miniseriesProposition Player(1999–2000), and contribute to theSandmanuniverse with a one-shot spy-spoof,Sandman Presents: Merv Pumpkinhead, Agent of D.R.E.A.M.(2000), and a single issue contribution toThe Dreamingon-going series. A secondSandmanone-shot,The Sandman Presents: Everything You Always Wanted to Know About Dreams...(2001), also led to a 4-issue miniseries,Sandman Presents: The Thessaliad(2002). Willingham's best-known work soon followed, with the July2001debut ofFables(with artist Lan Medina). In 2004, he returned to the world of the Sandman withSandman Presents: Thessaly: Witch for Hire,and 2006 saw the debut of the Vertigo-esque magical—but mainstream DCU title—ShadowpactandFablescompanion seriesJack of Fables.In July 2008, withFablesnearing a major turning point in its run, Willingham relaunchedHouse of Mysteryas a Vertigo title withLilah Sturges(then known as Matthew Sturges).

Other notable people who have written for Vertigo includeKyle Baker,Warren Ellis,David Lapham,Mark Millar,Brian Azzarello,Paul Pope,James Robinson,andBrian Wood.

Artists[edit]

Several artists have also produced a large amount of notable work for Vertigo, several (Steve Dillon,Pia Guerra,Eduardo RissoandDarick Robertson) mainly producing lengthy runs on individual creator-owned titles (in Guerra's case,Y: The Last Manmakes up around 80% of her output to date),[75]but others on a number of titles. Vertigo's main Universe titles,The Sandman,HellblazerandSwamp Thing,have been particularly artistically diverse, and home to many talents, while the large number of creator-owned miniseries has seen large numbers of individuals producing work for Vertigo.

Peter Grossworked on a pre-Vertigo issue ofSwamp Thingand an early Vertigo issue ofShade the Changing Man(#36, June 1993) before penciling & inking a story featuring Timothy Hunter in the "Children's Crusade" crossoverArcana Annual(Jan. 1994). This led to a regular inking role on the newly launchedBooks of Magicseries, taking over as regular penciler and inker with #6; he would stay with the title for most of its run, writing as well as drawing its final 25 issues (1998–2000). Gross also inked Reiber'sMythosone-shot, and provided full artwork on the firstBooks of Faerieminiseries (1997) and pencils on the following year'sThe Books of Faerie: Auberon's Tale(1998). AfterBooks of Magic,Gross moved toLucifer(beginning with #5, Oct. 2000) and penciled 56 of the remaining issues, as well as inking a handful. He also co-penciled 2005'sConstantine: The Official Movie Adaptationand several issues ofDouglas Rushkoff'sTestamentfrom 2006 to 2007.

Dean Ormstonhas similarly produced a disproportionate amount of his artwork for Vertigo titles, including the lion's share of the alternate realityBooks of Magick: Life During Wartimeseries (2004–5). His first Vertigo work was as one of several pencilers in the pages ofSandman#62 (Aug 1994), and in 1995 he penciled and inked Peter Milligan'sThe Eatersone-shot. His artwork appears in most (14) of the non-Peter Gross issues of Mike Carey'sLucifer,and he also handled art duties forCaitlin R. Kiernan's 4-issueThe Girl who would be Death(1998–9). In addition, he has worked on a number of single (and jam) issues of other Vertigo titles, includingThe Crusades,House of Mystery,The Invisibles,Mythos,Sandman Mystery Theatre,Swamp ThingandTestamentbetween 1994 and 2007.

Duncan Fegredo's first major American work was on the 1991Kid Eternityminiseries with Grant Morrison. A 1992 cover forDoom Patrolsimilarly fell in Vertigo territorypre-Vertigo, while Fegredo's first "true" Vertigo work was also on the joint-first new series released by the imprint: Peter Milligan'sEnigma.Immediately after the end of the eight-issue series, Fegredo took over as cover artist on Milligan's long-runningShade, the Changing Man(issues #42–50), collaborated with Milligan on 1995's one-shotFace(Jan) and then returned to cover duties onShade,producing all but one of the remaining pieces of art. He produced pencils and inks for the miniseriesMillennium Fever(1995) and (with Milligan) forGirl(1996). Between 1997 and 2002, he contributed artwork on fill-in issues (or to jam issues) ofCrusades,The Dreaming,Flinch,House of Secrets,The Sandman Presents: Everything You Always Wanted to Know About Dreams...,Totems,Weird War TalesandWeird Western Tales.In addition, his cover work graced the 1999 miniseriesSandman Presents: Love Street,six issues ofThe Books of Magick: Life During Wartimeand the first fifteen issues of Mike Carey'sLucifer.

Jill Thompson,although primarily known as an artist, has also produced scripts for Vertigo, producing as writer-artist three Sandman tie-ins:The Little Endless Storybook(2001) and two manga retellings of storylines:Death: At Death's Door(2003) andThe Dead Boy Detectives(2005). Between 1993 and 1994, she penciled the first six issues of the ongoingBlack Orchidseries and the 4-issue miniseriesFinals(1999). She has contributed ten issues each to the high-profile Vertigo seriesSandman(penciling the complete "Brief Lives"storyline, part 7 of which was the first Vertigo issue) andThe Invisibles,and penciled four of the last five issues ofSeekers into the Mystery.She has produced fill-in issues ofBooks of Magic,The DreamingandSwamp Thingand contributed artwork to the anthology comicsFables#59 (in addition to a story in the hardcover OGN1001 Nights of Snowfall) andTransmetropolitan: Filth of the City.

Jon J Muth,a painter, has produced several lavish volumes for Vertigo, including writing, penciling, inking and coloring the 1998 one-shotSwamp Thing: Roots.Primarily, his Vertigo output has been in collaboration with JM DeMatteis, an issue ofBlood: A Tale,the maxiseriesMoonshadow(and its coda,Farewell, Moonshadow(1997)) and three issues ofSeekers into the Mystery.Muth painted Grant Morrison'sThe Mystery Play(1994) and the 2002Lucifer: Nirvanaspecial for Mike Carey. His work also effectively ended Neil Gaiman'sSandmanseries, Muth painting issue #74, the final issue ofThe Wakestoryline, and second-to-last main issue.

The artwork ofCharles Vesshas infrequently but notably accompanied the words of Neil Gaiman on Vertigo projects, including the 4-issueStardust(1997–8) miniseries, later reprinted as an illustrated hardcover book. Vess' work can also be seen in the twoShakespeareadaptations in the pages ofThe Sandman,the first of which (pre-Vertigo) won the comic and duo theWorld Fantasy Awardfor Best Short Story, and the last of which was also the final (75th) issue of the series. Vess also contributed a story to theFablesOGN1001 Nights of Snowfall,illustrated aBooks of Magiccover and produced an issue ofThe Dreaming(2000).

Sean Phillipsearliest American comics work was in the pages of pre-VertigoHellblazer,and in May 1993 he became one of the early Vertigo artists by illustrating (with assists from Paul Peart and Sean Harrison Scoffield) the entire 16-issue run ofKid Eternity(1993–4). He drew the covers for twenty-three of the twenty-five issues of the firstThe Invisiblesseries and also returned toHellblazer(switching from artwork and covers to just covers after around 20 issues) between 1995 and 1998. He drew three issues ofShade, the Changing Man(1994), the one-shotHell Eternal(1995) and the miniseriesThe Minxas well as inking most ofMichael Lark's work onScene of the Crime.He penciled four issues of the finalInvisiblesseries between 1999 and 2000, produced covers for theHellblazer Special: Bad Bloodminiseries, and shared art chores with John Bolton on the 2001 miniseriesUser.

John Bolton,another frequent Gaiman collaborator has rarely worked with that author directly for Vertigo, but has utilised his characters, including in the OGNSandman Presents: The Furiesand theBooks of Magiclead-inArcanaAnnual. He also contributed to theSandman Mystery Theatreannual, and theFablesOGN1001 Nights of Snowfall.With Sean Phillips, he produced the artwork forDevin Grayson's 2001 miniseriesUser,and individually fully illustrated the OGN'sMenz Insana(1997) andGod Save the Queen(2007).

Other artists includeChris Bachalo,Mark Buckingham,Guy Davis,Phil Jimenez,Jock,Warren PleeceandLiam Sharp.

Cover artists[edit]

Inarguably the name most associated with Vertigo's cover output is the artist who providedallof the covers to the Vertigo's highest profile series (The Sandmanseries (1989–96)):Dave McKean.The first 46 of these covers were created for the DC imprint, but McKean's work also includes a number of Sandman-spin-off issues, miniseries and galleries. These include the twoDeathminiseries and all 60 issues ofThe Dreaming(1996–2001). He provided the first 24 DC published covers toHellblazer,and all 22 covers to the 1993-5Black OrchidVertigo series (which spun off from his (and Gaiman's) 1988 DC miniseries). He produced the first cover forSandman Mystery Theatreand his work was featured in a 1997 artbook incorporating hisSandmancovers, "Dust Covers: The Collected Sandman Covers, 1989–1997."

In addition, McKean's artwork also graced the inside pages of the public service comicDeath Talks about Life(1994), an issue ofThe Dreaming(#8), two issues of the DC-publishedHellblazer(#27 with Gaiman and #40 with Delano) and his and Neil Gaiman's OGNMr. Punch(1994). The duo'sBlack Orchidwas similarly produced for DC, but was retroactively deemed a Vertigo title.

Brian BollandandGlenn Fabryhave also produced a large number of iconic covers for the Vertigo line, Fabry probably being best known for his work on one title: Garth Ennis and Steve Dillon'sPreacher(and the spin-off miniseries). Bolland, one of the very earliest British creators whose work was brought to America, drew the first 63 covers forAnimal Man,mostly for DC, but also the first six Vertigo issues before handing over to a succession of other artists. Bolland also drew the cover for Vertigo's firstDoom Patrolissue and for the entire second and third volumes of Morrison'sInvisibles(1997–2000) (and in addition provided artwork for the TPB collections of Morrison'sDoom Patrolrun, and all volumes ofThe Invisibles). Bolland provided covers for three issues of Mark Millar'sSwamp Thingrun (1995), and miniseries includingVamps(1994–5), both VertigoTank Girl(1995–6) miniseries andBlood + Water(2003) as well as the one-shotZatanna: Everyday Magic(2003). Bolland also wrote and illustrated stories for the anthology titlesHeartthrobsandStrange Adventures(1999) and OGN1001 Nights of Snowfall,as well as providing a cover each for theGanglandandWinter's Edgeanthologies. With issue #12, Bolland took over cover duties (fromFablescover artistJames Jean) onFablesspin-offJack of Fables,which he continues to produce as of June 2008. Fabry, in addition to hisPreachercovers, provided covers for Ennis' miniseriesAdventures in the Rifle Brigade: Operation Bollock(2001–02) and most[76]of that authors first run onHellblazer(1992–94) - which included the first Vertigo issue - as well as his return to the title in 1998–9. In addition, Fabry has also penciled a couple of shortHellblazerstories for various specials, and drew the covers for theHellblazer: The Trenchcoat Brigademiniseries. He contributed to the multi-artistTransmetropolitanspecial "I Hate It Here" and provided three covers each to the ongoingTransmetropolitan(2002) andSwamp Thing(Vol. 3)(2001); covered the completeScarab(1993–4) miniseries, all 19 issues ofOutlaw Nationand one issue each of the anthology titlesGangland,HeartthrobsandWeird War Tales.Between 2005 and 2006, Fabry fully illustrated Mike Carey's adaptation ofNeil Gaiman's Neverwhere,having previously collaborated with the man himself on a story in the 2003 OGNSandman: Endless Nights.At the start of 2008, he provided a cover for an issue ofExterminators,before taking over fromLee Bermejoas on-going cover artist on, again,Hellblazer.

Other notable cover artists includeDan Brereton,Tim Bradstreet,Duncan Fegredo,James Jean,Dave JohnsonandJ. G. Jones.

Publications[edit]

Main article:List of Vertigo publications

Adaptations in other media[edit]

Film[edit]

TV[edit]

Video games[edit]

See also[edit]

References[edit]

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External links[edit]

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