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Vicenza

Coordinates:45°33′N11°33′E/ 45.550°N 11.550°E/45.550; 11.550
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
This article is about the city in Italy. For the province, seeProvince of Vicenza.For other uses, seeVincentia (disambiguation).

Vicenza
Vicensa(Venetian)
Comune
Città di Vicenza
Clockwise from top: Villa La Rotonda; the classical temple in the Parco Querini; Piazza dei Signori; the Renaissance Basilica Palladiana; and a panorama of the city from the Monte Berico
Clockwise from top:Villa La Rotonda;the classical temple in the Parco Querini; Piazza dei Signori; the RenaissanceBasilica Palladiana;and a panorama of the city from theMonte Berico
Flag of Vicenza
Flag
Coat of arms of Vicenza
Coat of arms
Location of Vicenza
Map
Vicenza is located in Italy
Vicenza
Vicenza
Location of Vicenza in Italy
Vicenza is located in Veneto
Vicenza
Vicenza
Vicenza (Veneto)
Coordinates:45°33′N11°33′E/ 45.550°N 11.550°E/45.550; 11.550
CountryItaly
RegionVeneto
ProvinceProvince of Vicenza(VI)
Government
• MayorGiacomo Possamai(Centre-left)
Area
[1]
• Total80 km2(30 sq mi)
Elevation
39 m (128 ft)
Population
(30 June 2017)[2]
• Total111,980
• Density1,400/km2(3,600/sq mi)
DemonymVicentini
Time zoneUTC+1(CET)
• Summer (DST)UTC+2(CEST)
Postal code
36100
Dialing code0444
Patron saintMadonna of Monte Berico
Saint daySeptember 8
WebsiteOfficial website
Vicenza
UNESCO World Heritage Site
Piazza dei Signori
Part ofCity of Vicenza and thePalladian Villas of the Veneto
CriteriaCultural: i, ii
Reference712-001
Inscription1994 (18thSession)
Area218 ha (540 acres)

Vicenza(/vɪˈtʃɛntsə/vih-CHENT-sə,Italian:[viˈtʃɛntsa]ⓘ;Venetian:Vicensa[viˈtʃeŋ(t)sa]) is a city in northeastern Italy. It is in theVenetoregion, at the northern base of theMonte Berico,where it straddles theRiver Bacchiglione.Vicenza is approximately 60 kilometres (37 mi) west ofVeniceand 200 kilometres (120 mi) east ofMilan.

Vicenza is a thriving andcosmopolitancity, with a richhistoryandculture,and manymuseums,art galleries,piazzas,villas,churchesand elegantRenaissancepalazzi.With thePalladian villas of the Venetoin the surrounding area, and his renownedTeatro Olimpico( "Olympic Theater" ), the "city of Palladio" has been listed as aUNESCOWorld Heritage Sitesince 1994.[3]

In December 2008, Vicenza had an estimated population of 115,927[4]and a metropolitan area of 270,000. Vicenza is the third-largest Italian industrial centre as measured by the value of its exports, and is one of the country's wealthiest cities,[3][5]in large part due to its textile and steel industries, which employ tens of thousands. Additionally, about one fifth of the country'sgoldandjewelryis made in Vicenza, greatly contributing to the city's economy. Another important sector is theengineering/computer componentsindustry (Federico Faggin,themicroprocessor's co-inventor, was born in Vicenza).[6]

History[edit]

For a chronological guide, seeTimeline of Vicenza.

Roman era[edit]

Vicentia was settled by the ItalicEuganeitribe and then by the Paleo-Venetitribe in the 3rd and 2nd centuries BC.[7]TheRomansallied themselves with the Paleo-Veneti in their fight against the Celtic tribes that populated north-western Italy. [8]The Roman presence in the area grew exponentially[citation needed]over time and the Paleo-Veneti (whose culture mirrored Etruscan and Greek values more so than Celtic ones) were gradually assimilated.[citation needed]In 157 BC, the city was a de facto Roman centre and was given the name ofVicetiaorVincentia,meaning "victorious".

The citizens of Vicetia receivedRoman citizenshipand were inscribed into the Roman tribeRomiliain 49 BC. The city was known for its agriculture, brickworks, marble quarry, and wool industry and had some importance as a way-station on the important road fromMediolanum(Milan) toAquileia,nearTergeste(Trieste), but it was overshadowed by its neighborPatavium(Padua). Little survives of the Roman city, but three of the bridges across theBacchiglioneand Retrone rivers are of Roman origin, and isolated arches of aRoman aqueductexist outside thePorta Santa Croce.

During the decline of theWestern Roman Empire,Heruls,Vandals,Alaricand hisVisigoths,as well as theHunslaid waste to the area, but the city recovered after theOstrogothconquest in 489 AD, before being conquered by theByzantine Empiresoon after. It was also an importantLombardcity and then aFrankishcenter. NumerousBenedictinemonasteries were built in the Vicenza area, beginning in the 6th century.

Middle Ages[edit]

In 899, Vicenza was destroyed byMagyarraiders.

In 1001,Otto IIIhanded over the government of the city to thebishop,and its communal organization had an opportunity to develop, separating soon from the episcopal authority. It took an active part in the League with Verona and, most of all, in theLombard League(1164–1167) against EmperorFrederick I Barbarossacompelling Padua and Treviso to join: itspodestà,Ezzelino II il Balbo,was captain of the league. When peace was restored, however, the old rivalry with Padua,Bassano,and other cities was renewed, besides which there were the internal factions of the Vivaresi (Ghibellines) and the Maltraversi (Guelphs).

The tyrannicalEzzelino IIIfrom Bassano drove the Guelphs out of Vicenza, and caused his brother,Alberico,to be elected podestà in 1230. The independentcommunejoined the Second Lombard League against EmperorFrederick IIwho sacked the city in 1237, after which it was annexed to Ezzelino's dominions. On his death the old oligarchicrepublicpolitical structure was restored – aconsiglio maggiore( "grand council" ) of four hundred members and aconsiglio minore( "small council" ) of forty members – and it formed a league with Padua,TrevisoandVerona.Three years later the Vicentines entrusted the protection of the city toPadua,so as to safeguard republican liberty; but this protectorate (custodia) quickly became dominion, and for that reason Vicenza in 1311 submitted to theScaligerilords ofVerona,who fortified it against theVisconti of Milan.

Vicenzacame under the ruleof theRepublic of Venicein 1404, and its subsequent history is that of Venice. It was besieged by theEmperor Sigismund,andMaximilian Iheld possession of it in 1509 and 1516.

Early modern era[edit]

Vicenza was a candidate to host theCouncil of Trent.

The 16th century was the time ofAndrea Palladio,[9]who left many outstanding examples of his art with palaces and villas in the city's territory, which before Palladio's passage, was arguably the most downtrodden and esthetically lacking city in Veneto.

After theFall of the Venetian Republicin 1797, underNapoleonicrule, it was made aduché grand-fief(not a grand duchy, but a hereditary (extinguished in 1896), nominal duchy, a rare honor reserved for French officials) within Napoleon's personalKingdom of Italyfor generalCaulaincourt,also imperial Grand-Écuyer. One of the consequences of the city's occupation was the destruction of a prized silver model of the city, theJewel of Vicenza.

19th century and later[edit]

After 1814, Vicenza passed to theAustrian Empire.In 1848, however, the populace rose against Austria, more violently than in any other Italian centre apart from Milan and Brescia (the city would receive the highest award for military valour for the courage displayed by revolutionaries in this period). As a part of theKingdom of Lombardy–Venetia,it was annexed toItalyafter theThird War of Italian independence.

Vicenza's area was a location of major combat in bothWorld War I(on the Asiago plateau) andWorld War II(a focal center of the Italian resistance), and it was the most damaged city in Veneto byAllied bombings,including many of its monuments; the civil victims were over 2,000. The end of World War II was followed by a period of depression, caused by the devastation during the two world wars. In the 1960s, the whole central part of Veneto, witnessed a strong economic development caused by the emergence of small and medium family businesses, ranging in a vast array of products (that often emerged illegally) that paved the way for what would be known as the"miracolo del nord-est"( "miracle of the northeast" ). In the following years, the economic development grew vertiginously. Huge industrial areas sprouted around the city, massive and disorganized urbanization and employment of foreign immigrants increased.

Vicenza is home to theUS ArmypostCaserma Ederle(Camp Ederle), also known as theU.S. Army Garrison Vicenza.In 1965,Caserma Ederlebecame theheadquartersof the Southern European Task Force, which includes the173d Airborne Brigade.In January 2006, theEuropean Gendarmerie Forcewas inaugurated in Vicenza.

Geography[edit]

Vicenza lies in theVenetoregion, at the northern base ofMonte Berico,where it straddles theBacchiglione River.Vicenza is approximately 60 kilometres (37 mi) west ofVeniceand 200 kilometres (120 mi) east ofMilan.

Climate[edit]

Climate data for Vicenza (1971–2000, extremes 1951–2008)
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
Record high °C (°F) 15.9
(60.6) 		21.7
(71.1) 		26.8
(80.2) 		30.0
(86.0) 		34.8
(94.6) 		37.4
(99.3) 		37.4
(99.3) 		38.2
(100.8) 		33.2
(91.8) 		29.4
(84.9) 		24.4
(75.9) 		17.8
(64.0) 		38.2
(100.8)
Mean daily maximum °C (°F) 7.0
(44.6) 		9.3
(48.7) 		13.5
(56.3) 		17.3
(63.1) 		22.8
(73.0) 		26.2
(79.2) 		29.1
(84.4) 		28.7
(83.7) 		24.3
(75.7) 		18.4
(65.1) 		11.8
(53.2) 		7.5
(45.5) 		18.0
(64.4)
Daily mean °C (°F) 3.0
(37.4) 		4.6
(40.3) 		8.4
(47.1) 		12.1
(53.8) 		17.4
(63.3) 		20.8
(69.4) 		23.4
(74.1) 		22.9
(73.2) 		18.9
(66.0) 		13.5
(56.3) 		7.5
(45.5) 		3.5
(38.3) 		13.0
(55.4)
Mean daily minimum °C (°F) −1
(30) 		−0.1
(31.8) 		3.3
(37.9) 		7.0
(44.6) 		11.9
(53.4) 		15.5
(59.9) 		17.7
(63.9) 		17.2
(63.0) 		13.5
(56.3) 		8.5
(47.3) 		3.1
(37.6) 		−0.4
(31.3) 		8.0
(46.4)
Record low °C (°F) −20
(−4) 		−18.6
(−1.5) 		−10
(14) 		−3.2
(26.2) 		−0.8
(30.6) 		2.6
(36.7) 		9.5
(49.1) 		8.0
(46.4) 		3.8
(38.8) 		−3.6
(25.5) 		−8
(18) 		−13
(9) 		−20.0
(−4.0)
Averageprecipitationmm (inches) 76.5
(3.01) 		67.9
(2.67) 		76.9
(3.03) 		97.3
(3.83) 		100.0
(3.94) 		104.3
(4.11) 		74.0
(2.91) 		79.5
(3.13) 		92.7
(3.65) 		115.5
(4.55) 		93.7
(3.69) 		81.5
(3.21) 		1,059.8
(41.73)
Average precipitation days(≥ 1.0 mm) 7.0 5.0 6.4 9.5 10.0 9.3 6.8 6.7 6.1 7.5 7.1 6.4 87.8
Averagerelative humidity(%) 81 77 73 74 72 73 72 73 74 78 80 82 76
Source: Servizio Meteorologico (humidity 1961–1990)[10][11][12]

Demographics[edit]

Panoramic view from Monte Berico

In 2007, there were 114,268 people residing in Vicenza of whom 47.6% were male and 52.4% were female. Minors (children ages 18 and younger) totalled 17.17% of the population, compared to pensioners, who number 21.60%. This compares with the Italian average of 18.06% (minors) and 19.94% (pensioners). The average age of Vicenza residents is 43 compared to the Italian average of 42. In the five years between 2002 and 2007, the population of Vicenza grew by 3.72%, while Italy as a whole grew by 3.85%.[13]The current birth rate of Vicenza is 9.16 births per 1,000 inhabitants compared to the Italian average of 9.45 births.

In 2010, 83.5% of the population wasItalian.From 1876 to 1976 it has been calculated that over 1,000,000 people from the province of Vicenza have emigrated, with more than 3,000,000 people of Vicentino descent living around the world (most common migrational currents includedBrazil,theUnited States,Canada,Australia,Germany,France,BelgiumandSwitzerland) escaping the devastation left by poverty, war and sickness. Today, almost 100,000 Vicenza citizens live and work abroad and the city has morphed from a land of emigration to a land of immigration. The largest immigrant group comes from theUnited States(about 9,000 people, partly due to the presence of themilitary base). Other ethnic minorities comes from other European nations (the largest beingSerbia,Romania,andMoldova),South Asian(the largest beingBangladeshandPakistan),sub-saharan Africa,andNorth Africa(largest is fromMorocco). The city is predominantlyRoman Catholic,but due to immigration, it now has someOrthodox Christian,MuslimandSikhfollowers.

Government[edit]

See also:List of mayors of Vicenza

Architecture[edit]

Basilica Palladiana
A night view of the Basilica Palladiana
Basilica Palladiana with clock tower
The three-dimensional stage of theTeatro Olimpicoin Vicenza
Palazzo Thiene Bonin Longare,designed by Palladio and built byVincenzo Scamozzi
Porta Castello Tower
Plaque for Vicenza in the UNESCO World Heritage List

In 1994UNESCOinscribed "Vicenza, City of Palladio" on its list ofWorld Heritage Sites.In 1996, the site was expanded to include the Palladian villas outside the core area, and accordingly renamed "City of Vicenza and the Palladian Villas of the Veneto".

Palladio's works[edit]

Vicenza is home to twenty-three buildings designed by Palladio. Famous examples include:

Other sights[edit]

Churches[edit]

Some of the main historical churches:

  • Cathedral of Vicenza(church of Santa Maria Annunciata), dating from early in the 11th century, and restored in the 13th, 16th, 19th and after the ruinous destruction ofWorld War II,possesses a number of paintings and sculptures, nearly all of them by Vicentine artists; the dome and north side door were designed byAndrea Palladio.
  • Basilica Sanctuary of Saint Mary ofMonte Berico:the structure was completed in two stages, creating two churches in different styles: the first in 1428 in Gothic style, the second in 1703 byCarlo Borella,designed as a late-baroque stylebasilica.The adjacent convent, housesThe Supper of Saint Gregory the Great,a large canvas byPaolo Veronese.The bell tower (1826) was designed by Antonio Piovene. The basilica commemorates two apparitions of Our Lady to Vincenza Pasini, a pious woman who lived in a village in the province, and the liberation of the city from a terrible plague.
  • Basilica of Santi Felice and Fortunato:church built in the 4th century within a Roman cemetery and expanded in the 5th century to house the relics of the martyrs Felice and Fortunato. In the 9th century, the city, and the church, were razed by theHungarians;by the 10th century, the church had been re-erected by the bishop Rodolfo with the support ofEmperor Otto II.It has the layout of apaleochristianbasilica, initially rectangular, then doubled in width and divided into three naves. After the Hungarian invasions, theBenedictinesbuilt a new baptistery and the semicircular apse, adding the bell tower and the rosette, as well as a series of blind arches and a Byzantine cross in front. In later centuries, the interiors underwent a radical alteration, enriching it with Baroque altars and decorations. A 20th century restoration removed many of these embellishments. Next to the church there is a small museum exhibition with archaeological finds from the church and from the nearby Romannecropolis.
  • Santa Corona:one of the oldest and most important churches of the city, this 13th century church first endowed by the bishop of Verona, the Blessed Bartholomew of Breganze, to shelter one of the thorns from Christ's crown. It was under the purview of theDominicansafter the death ofEzzelino III da Romano.It houses paintings byMontagna(The Magdelene),Bellini(Baptism of Christ) and others; thecrypthosts the Valmarana chapel by Palladio. The church underwent a major restoration in 2012.
  • San Giorgio in Gogna:one of the oldest churches in the city, built before the year 1000 with aRomanesquefaçade. The outer walls consist of agglomerates of different materials (brick, stone, marble salvaged from other buildings) are clearly a demonstration of the origin of the construction craft, which can be seen especially in the polygonal apse. It was restored by the diocese in 2011.
  • San Lorenzo(1280): church built byminoritesin mixed Gothic and Lombard Romanesque styles. Located along Corso Fogazzaro facing the central Piazza San Lorenzo, it hosts the tombs of illustrious Vicentines and is served by the Conventual Franciscans.
  • Santa Maria Nova:late 16th-century church is the only religious architecture designed and built by Palladio in Vicenza, apart from the Valmarana chapel and the limited interventions in the cathedral.
  • Santa Maria in Araceli(1244): church later refurbished byGuariniin Baroque style, formerly belonged to theClarisses,contains statues byOrazio MarinaliandCassetti,and the reproductions of original altarpieces byPiazzettaandTiepolo(now at the Pinacotheca Civica).
  • Santa Maria of the Servites:church in Piazza Biade adjacent to the Piazza dei Signori, was commissioned in the early 15th century by the order of theServants of Mary.The church portal was executed in the studio where Andrea Palladio worked at the beginning of his career and would be one of his earliest works. In thecloister,in 1319, the miracles of St.Philip Benizi de Damianitook place.
  • Santa Maria Etiopissa(1154): a simple stone and brick structure church.
  • San Marco in San Girolamo(early 18th century): late baroque church built by theDiscalced Carmeliteson a previous convent and church of theJesuati.The architect is unknown, but inside it is clear the influence of the style of the VenetianGiorgio Massari.After the Napoleonic abolition of the religious orders and their convents, it became in 1810 the church of San Marco, one of the oldest parishes in the city. It hosts many works by Vicentine and Venetian artists of the early 18th century, including some masterpieces. The sacristy preserves the complete original furniture of the time.
  • San Vincenzo:church dedicated to SaintVincent of Saragossa– ancient patron of Vicenza – overlooks Piazza dei Signori, facing the Basilica Palladiana, interrupting the smooth texture of the Palazzo del Monte di Pietà. The church was built between the 14th and the 18th centuries. The baroque façade (1614–1617) hosts two lodges with three arches, inCorinthianand composite style. The lodges are surmounted by a crown with Christ mourned by angels byGiambattista Albamese,also author of the five statues in thepediment.Behind the lodge there is the ancient church of 1387, offset in relation to the building that has incorporated, with the altar facing east. The interior of the church, as amended in 1499 and again in the 18th century byFrancesco Muttoni,was restored in the 1920s. It hosts the ark of Simone Sarego (14th century), the impressive altar,rococowork of Bernardo Tabacco, and the altar of Pietà, masterpiece of a youngOrazio Marinali(1689). Within the porch, a red marble stele is engraved with the ancient official linear measures of the Community of Vicenza.
  • Sant'Agostino:church built upon older buildings in the 14th century, the ancient convent of Saint Augustine is located on the western outskirts of the city, giving its name to the parish and to thefrazione.The abbey church was rebuilt in Romanesque style during the rule ofCangrande della Scalabetween 1322 and 1357. The church has a rich decoration and a large altarpiece of 1404 by Battista da Vicenza.
  • Oratory of San Nicola da Tolentino:finished in 1678 on commission of the fraternity of St. Nicholas, it is a chapel that houses a series of paintings focused on the life of the saint, among the highest levels of the measured Baroque of Vicenza.
  • The Churches of the Carmini(1372) andSt. Catherine(1292), formerly belonging to the Humiliati, possess notable pictures.
  • Santa Croce(1179)
  • Santi Filippo and Giacomo(12th century)

Secular buildings[edit]

Libraries[edit]

Economy and infrastructure[edit]

The surrounding country is predominantly agricultural. Major products are wine, wheat, corn, olive oil (in the Barbarano area) and cherries and asparagus are a particularity of Bassano. There are also quarries of marble, sulphur, copper, and silver mines, and beds of lignite and kaolin; mineral springs also abound, the most famous being those of Recoaro.

Massive industrial areas surround the city and extend extensively in the western and eastern hinterland, with numerous steel and textile factories located in theMontecchio Maggiore,ChiampoandSovizzoarea in the west andCamisano VicentinoandTorri di Quartesoloin the east, areas characterised by a disorganised and extensive cementifaction.

Elite sectors are thejewelryandclothingfactories. Important vicentino clothing firms include:Diesel,Pal Zileri,Marzotto,Bottega Veneta,Marlboro Classicsetc. The Gold Exposition is world-famous and it takes place in Vicenza twice a year (January and September).

Other industries worthy of mention are the woollen and silk, pottery, tanneries, and musical instruments. The headquarters of the bicycle component manufacturerCampagnoloand the protective wear for sports manufacturerDaineseare located here.

Transport[edit]

Vicenza railway station,opened in 1846, forms part of theMilan–Venice railway,and is also ajunctionof two branch lines, toSchioandTreviso,respectively.

Sport[edit]

Vicenza is home toVicenza HurricanesAmerican Football team which currently plays inLeague 2.Founded in 2009, the Hurricanes have a junior team and a senior team with a roster of 35+ athletes.

Vicenza is home to football clubL.R. Vicenza Virtus,formerly Lanerossi Vicenza and Vicenza Calcio, which currently compete inSerie C.Their home venue is theStadio Romeo Menti.

Vicenza is home to Rangers Rugby Vicenza, a rugby union team who compete in Serie A2.

Cuisine and popular dishes[edit]

Main article:Cuisine of Vicenza

Vicenza's cuisine reflects its humble, agricultural past: simple, hearty meals made with fresh local ingredients that reflect the province's geographical diversity.

Unlike Venetian cuisine where fish reigns supreme, game meat, cheeses and vegetables take center stage accompanied by polenta, soft from the stove or day-old sliced and grilled over the fireplace embers, better yet cooked in a pan under the spit where it lightly fries in meat drippings to create a crunchy golden outer crust.

Vicenza is known for its simple dishes, and often famous cheeses, fruits, ingredients and wines, such as sopressa vicentina,Asiago cheese,Marosticacherries, Nanto truffles, Bassano del Grappa asparagus andBreganze Cabernetwine.

A plate ofbaccalà alla vicentina,a typical dish of the city
  • Baccalà alla vicentina
  • Risi e bisi(rice and green peas)
  • Polenta e osei
  • Bigoli all'arna(thick fresh egg noodles with duck ragout)
  • Putana(in this case not the vulgar term meaning "whore", but a fruit cake traditionally made with poor ingredients such as old bread or polenta and dried fruit such as raisins)

The inhabitants of Vicenza are jokingly referred to by other Italians asmangiagatti,or "cat eaters". Purportedly, Vicentini turned to cats for sustenance during times of famine, such as duringWorld War II.

People[edit]

International relations[edit]

Twin towns — sister cities[edit]

See also:List of twin towns and sister cities in Italy

Vicenza istwinnedwith:

See also[edit]

References[edit]

General sources[edit]

See also:Timeline of Vicenza § Bibliography
  • This article incorporates text from a publication now in thepublic domain:Herbermann, Charles, ed. (1913). "Diocese of Vicenza".Catholic Encyclopedia.New York: Robert Appleton Company.
  • This article incorporates text from a publication now in thepublic domain:Ashby, Thomas(1911). "Vicenza".InChisholm, Hugh(ed.).Encyclopædia Britannica.Vol. 28 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 20.

Citations[edit]

  1. ^"Superficie di Comuni Province e Regioni italiane al 9 ottobre 2011".Italian National Institute of Statistics.Retrieved16 March2019.
  2. ^"Statistiche demografiche ISTAT"(in Italian). Demo.istat.it. Archived fromthe originalon 28 July 2020.Retrieved1 December2017.
  3. ^abMoretti, John (14 March 2008).Frommer's Northern Italy.Wiley.ISBN978-0-470-29096-5.Retrieved15 September2011.
  4. ^Data fromComune di VicenzaArchived28 September 2011 at theWayback Machine(in Italian).
  5. ^"The Economy".Vicenza. Archived fromthe originalon 9 October 2011.Retrieved15 September2011.
  6. ^"Federico Faggin - Engineering and Technology History Wiki".Ieeeghn.org.25 January 2016.Retrieved1 December2017.
  7. ^Pearce, M.; Peretto, R.; Tozzi, P.; DARMC; Talbert, R.; Gillies, S.; Åhlfeldt, J.; Becker, J.; Elliott, T. (8 June 2018)."Places: 393513 (Vicetia)".Pleiades.Retrieved10 April2013.
  8. ^Polybius, 2.23.3; Strabo,Geog.5.1.9
  9. ^Butler, Sophie (14 October 2009)."Vicenza: Who needs Venice?".Telegraph.co.uk.Archivedfrom the original on 12 January 2022.Retrieved1 December2017.
  10. ^"Vicenza (VI)"(PDF).Atlante climatico(in Italian). Servizio Meteorologico.Retrieved19 May2015.
  11. ^"STAZIONE 094 Vicenza: medie mensili periodo 61 – 90"(in Italian). Servizio Meteorologico.Retrieved19 May2015.
  12. ^"Vicenza: Record mensili dal 1951 al 2008"(in Italian). Servizio Meteorologico dell'Aeronautica Militare.Retrieved19 May2015.
  13. ^"Statistiche demografiche ISTAT:2007"(in Italian). Demo.istat.it.Retrieved6 May2012.
  14. ^"Trung Quốc vô tích · vô tích thị chính phủ nhân dân ngoại sự văn phòng · duy cầm sát thị (Vicenza, Italy)"(in Chinese). 2 November 2013. Archived fromthe originalon 2 November 2013.Retrieved3 May2020.
  15. ^"Sister Cities International (SCI)".Sister-cities.org. Archived fromthe originalon 13 June 2015.Retrieved21 April2013.

External links[edit]

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