Vijayindra Tirtha
Vijayindra Tirtha | |
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| Personal | |
| Born | Vitthalachārya (ವಿಠ್ಠಲಾಚಾರ್ಯ) 1514 |
| Religion | Hinduism |
| Organization | |
| Order | Vedanta |
| Philosophy | Dvaita |
| Religious career | |
| Guru | Surendra Tirtha, Vyasatirtha[1] |
| Successor | Sudhindra Tirtha |
| Literary works | Laghu Amoda,Upasamhara Vijaya,Chakra Mimamsa |
| Honors | Sarvatantrasvatantra[2] |
| Part ofa serieson | |
| Hindu philosophy | |
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| Hinduism portal |
Vijayīndra Tīrtha(also known as Vijayendra Tīrtha)(c.1514 -c.1595) was aDvaitaphilosopher and dialectician. A prolific writer and an unrelenting polemicist, he is said to have authored 104 treatises expounding the principles ofDvaitaand defending it against attacks from the contemporary orthodox schools ofVedanta.He held the pontifical seat atKumbakonamunder the rule ofThanjavur Nayakswhere he participated in polemical discussions with theAdvaitaphilosopherAppayya Dikshita[3]Inscriptions from that era record grants of villages received by Vijayindra for his triumph over theological debates.[4]Legend ascribes to him mastery over 64 arts and his erudition, writes Sharma, "is evident from a few of his works bearing onPurva Mimamsa,NyayaandKavyaliterature ".[2]
Life
[edit]Almost nothing is known about his early life and family. Most of the information on Vijayindra is derived from a few inscriptions and two hagiographies:Rāghavendra VijayaandGuruguṇastavana.Born as Vitthalācharya in aKannada-speakingDeshastha Madhva Brahminfamily,[5]he studiedVedanta,MimamsaandNyayaunder the philosopherVyasatirtha.[6]He also received training inKavya(poetics),Natya(drama) andAlankara(rhetoric). Aged 25, he moved to Kumbakonam at the behest of Surendra Tirtha, the erstwhilepontiffof the Dhakshinadi Kavindra mutt.[note 1]Vitthala eventually succeeded Surendra as the pontiff with the titleVijayīndra Tīrtha.[7] Inscriptional evidence and traditional accounts note that Vijayindra received patronage fromAliya Rama Rayaand grants fromSevappa NayakofTanjore.[6][2]He was involved in severe polemical discussions with his rival and friendAppayya Dikshita,with several of his works dedicated to refuting the claims of Appayya.[8]After his death in 1595, his mortal remains were enshrined in the mutt at Kumbakonam. He was succeeded bySudhindra Tirtha.
Works
[edit]Vijayindra Tirtha is credited with as many as 104 literary works of which many are non-extant. A few that remain mainly consist of commentaries on the works ofVyasatirtha(Laghu Amoda) andMadhva(Tattvaprakasika Tippani), polemical works refuting the works ofAppayya Dikshitaand several treatises dealing with the issue of compatibility ofDvaitawithMimamsa(Chakra Mimamsa). A few poems and three dramatical works have been attributed to him as well.[9]
List of notable works
[edit]104 works are attributed to Vijayindra of which only sixty are extant. Except for a few notable works, many remain unprinted. The manuscripts are preserved inmuttsatNanjangud,MantralayamandKumbakonam.
| Name | Description | References |
|---|---|---|
| Tattvamanimanekyapetika | Commentary onBrahma Sutra BhashyaofMadhva | [10] |
| Gudabhavaprakasika | Commentary onTattvodyotaofMadhva | [10] |
| Tattvaprakasika Tippani | Summary ofTattva PrakasikaofMadhva | [10] |
| Laghu Amoda | Commentary onNyayamrutaofVyasatirtha | [1] |
| Nyayamauktikamala | Commentary onTatparya ChandrikaofVyasatirtha | [11] |
| Yuktiratnakara | Commentary onTarka TandavaofVyasatirtha | [11] |
| Pramana Paddhati Vyakhyana | Gloss onPramana PaddhatiofJayatirtha | [12] |
| Adhikaranamala | Treatise on theMimamsaelements inNyayamruta | [12] |
| Chandrikodahrta Nyaya Vivaranam | Treatise on theMimamsaelements inTatparya Chandrika | [13] |
| Appayya Kapola Chapetika | Refutation of the works ofAppayya Dikshita | [13] |
| Madhva Kantako Dhara | Rebuttal toMadhvatantramukhabhangaofAppayya Dikshita | [14] |
| Chakra Mimamsa | Defence ofmudradharanafrom the viewpoint ofMimamsa[note 2] | [13] |
| Bhedavidyavilasa | Polemical treatise emphasising the doctrine of five-fold difference | [15] |
| Paratattva Prakasika | Criticism of Appayya Dikshita'sSivatattvaviveka | [14] |
| Brahmasutra Nyayasangraha | Gist of Brahma Sutra distilling elements fromAnu Vyakhyanaof Madhva | [16] |
| Siddhanta Sarasara Viveka | Polemical tract against the tenets ofVisistadvaitaandShiva Advaita | [17] |
| Ananda Taratamya Vadartha | Polemical tract against the tenets ofVisistadvaita | [17] |
| Nyayadhvadipika | Manual on theMimamsaelements inDvaita | [18] |
| Upasamhara Vijaya | Rejoinder toUpakrama Parakramaof Appayya Dikshita | [18] |
| Pistapashu Mimamsa | Treatise arguing for the usage of flour-made animals for rituals | [19] |
| Mimamsa Naya Kaumudi | The compatibility between the works of Madhva andMimamsais explored | [19] |
| Advaita Siksha | Polemical rebuttal toAdvaitadipikaof Narasimhasrama | [20] |
| Shaiva Sarvasva Khandanam | Treatise arguing for the supremacy ofVishnu | [20] |
| Subhadra Dhananjaya | Drama on the marriage ofArjunaandSubhadra | [21] |
| Narayana Sabdartha Nirvachana | Monograph on the etymology of the wordNarayana | [22] |
| Turiyasiva Khandana | Polemical tract arguing against thefourth stage of consciousnessof Advaita | [23] |
| Tatparya Chandrika Kuchodya Kuthara | Refutation in favour of Tatparya Chandrika by Vyasatirtha | [citation needed] |
Notes
[edit]References
[edit]- ^abSarma 1937,p. 551.
- ^abcSharma 2000,p. 172.
- ^Sharma 2000,p. 165.
- ^Vriddhagirisan 1995,p. 56.
- ^Hebbar, B.N (2005).The Sri-Krsna Temple at Udupi: The History and Spiritual Center of the Madhvite Sect of Hinduism.Bharatiya Granth Nikethan. p. 306.ISBN81-89211-04-8.
Vijayindra Tirtha (1514 - 1595 CE) was one of the most prominent champions, defenders and exponents of Madhva faith in the Mediaeval era. A Kannada speaking deśastha Madhva by birth, his pre-monastic name was Vitthalācārya.
- ^abSharma 2000,p. 171.
- ^Sharma 2000,p. 168.
- ^Heras 1927,p. 553.
- ^Sharma 2000,p. 173-189.
- ^abcSharma 2000,p. 173.
- ^abSarma 1937,p. 552.
- ^abSharma 2000,p. 176.
- ^abcHeras 1927,p. 522.
- ^abSarma 1937,p. 554.
- ^Sarma 1937,p. 557.
- ^Sharma 2000,p. 179.
- ^abSharma 2000,p. 180.
- ^abPandurangi 2004.
- ^abSarma 1937,p. 556.
- ^abSharma 2000,p. 188.
- ^Sharma 2000,p. 189.
- ^Fischer 2017,p. 121.
- ^Fischer 2017,p. 130.
Bibliography
[edit]- Sharma, B. N. Krishnamurti (2000).A History of the Dvaita School of Vedānta and Its Literature, Vol. 2, 3rd Edition.Motilal Banarsidass.ISBN978-8120815759.
- Hebbar, B.N (2005).The Sri-Krsna Temple at Udupi: The History and Spiritual Center of the Madhvite Sect of Hinduism.Bharatiya Granth Nikethan.ISBN81-89211-04-8.
- Vriddhagirisan, V (1995).Nayaks of Tanjore.Asian Educational Services.ISBN978-8120609969.
- Sarma, R. Nagaraja (1937).Reign of realism in Indian philosophy.National Press.
- Pandurangi, K.T (2004).Nyayadhvadipika.Dvaita Vedanta Studies and Research Foundation.
- Hebbar, B.N (2004).The Sri Krsna Temple at Udupi.Nataraj Books.ISBN978-1881338505.
- Fischer, Elaine (2017).Hindu Pluralism: Religion and the Public Sphere in Early Modern South India.University of California Press.ISBN9780520293014.
- Heras, Henry (1927).South India Under the Vijayanagara Empire: The Aravidu Dynasty, Volume 2.Cosmo.
- Mahalingam, T.V (1937).Administration and Social Life Under Vijayanagar: Administration.University of Madras.