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Vinca

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
For other uses, seeVinca (disambiguation).

Vinca
Vinca minor
Scientific classificationEdit this classification
Kingdom: Plantae
Clade: Tracheophytes
Clade: Angiosperms
Clade: Eudicots
Clade: Asterids
Order: Gentianales
Family: Apocynaceae
Subfamily: Rauvolfioideae
Tribe: Vinceae
Subtribe: Vincinae
M.E.Endress
Genus: Vinca
L.1753
Synonyms[1]
  • PervincaMill.

Vinca(/ˈvɪŋkə/;[2]Latin:vincire"to bind, fetter" ) is a genus offlowering plantsin the familyApocynaceae,native toEurope,northwestAfricaand southwestAsia.[3][4][5][6]The English nameperiwinkleis shared with the related genusCatharanthus(and also with the common seashoremollusc,Littorina littorea).

Description

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Vinca difformisin habitat, Cáceres, Spain

Vincaplants aresubshrubsorherbaceous,and have slender trailing stems 1–2 m (3.3–6.6 ft) long but not growing more than 20–70 cm (8–27.5 in) above ground; the stems frequently take root where they touch the ground, enabling the plant to spread widely. Theleavesare opposite, simple broad lanceolate to ovate, 1–9 cm (0.5–3.5 in) long and 0.5–6 cm (0.20–2.36 in) broad; they areevergreenin four species, butdeciduousin the herbaceousV. herbacea,which dies back to the root system in winter.[7][8]

Theflowers,produced through most of the growing season, are salverform (like those ofPhlox), simple, 2.5–7 cm (0.98–2.76 in) broad, with five usually violet (occasionally white) petals joined together at the base to form a tube. Thefruitconsists of a pair of divergentfollicles;the dry fruitdehiscesalong one rupture site to release seeds.[7][8]

Gardens

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Two of the species,Vinca majorandVinca minor,are extensively cultivated as a flowering evergreenornamental plant.Because the plants are low and spread quickly, they are often used asgroundcoveringardenlandscapes andcontainer gardens.They are also traditionally used in older cemeteries as an evergreen maintenance-free ground cover.[9]Manycultivarsare available, with different plant, leaf, and flower colors, sizes, and habits.

Invasive plant species

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Although attractive, bothVinca majorandVinca minormay beinvasivein some regions where they areintroduced speciesbecause the rapid spreading chokes outnative plantspecies and altershabitats.Areas affected include parts of Australia, New Zealand, Canada, and the United States, especially coastalCalifornia.[10][11]

Vincaplants spreading along a border

Medicinal use

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Thevinca alkaloidsinclude at least 86alkaloidsextracted from plants in the genusVinca.[12][13][14]Thechemotherapyagentvincristineis extracted from a closely related species,Catharanthus roseus,[15][16][17]and is used to treat someleukemias,[18]lymphomas,[19]and childhood cancers,[20]as well as several other types of cancer and some non-cancerous conditions.Vinblastineis a chemical analogue ofvincristine[13][16][21]and is also used to treat various forms ofcancer.[22]Dimeric alkaloids such as vincristine and vinblastine are produced by the coupling the smaller indole alkaloidsvindolineandcatharanthine.[13][23]In addition, thenootropicagentvincamineis derived fromVinca minor.Vinorelbine,a newersemi-syntheticchemotherapeutic agent, is used in the treatment ofnon-small-cell lung cancer[16][24]and is prepared either from thenatural productsleurosine[25][26]orcatharanthineandvindoline,[16][27]in both cases by first preparinganhydrovinblastine.[15][16][27]

Species

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Accepted species:[1]

  • Vinca difformisPourr.– Azores, western and central Mediterranean
  • Vinca erectaRegel & Schmalh.– Afghanistan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, Uzbekistan
  • Vinca herbaceaWaldst. & Kit.– central, eastern and southeastern Europe; Middle East
  • Vinca ispartensisKoyuncu & Ekşi– Turkey[28]
  • Vinca majorL.– southern Europe, Turkey, Syria, Caucasus; introduced to and established in New Zealand, California, British Isles, central Europe, Ukraine, North Africa, south China, Canary Islands, Madeira, North America,[29]Mexico, Colombia, Venezuela, Peru,[30]Costa Rica, Guatemala
  • Vinca minorL.– central and southeastern Europe, Ukraine, Caucasus; introduced to and established in British Isles, Scandinavia, Portugal, Turkey, south China, North America,[31]New Zealand
  • Vinca soneriKoyuncu– Turkey

References

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  1. ^ab"World Checklist of Selected Plant Families".RetrievedMay 17,2014.
  2. ^Stearn, W. T. (1983).Botanical Latined. 3. David & CharlesISBN0-7153-8548-8.
  3. ^Flora Europaea:Vinca
  4. ^"EuroMed Plantbase Project:Vinca".Archived fromthe originalon 2012-03-09.Retrieved2010-05-05.
  5. ^Flora of Pakistan:Vinca
  6. ^Altervista Flora Italiana, genereVincaincluded photos plus European distribution maps
  7. ^abBlamey, M., & Grey-Wilson, C. (1989).Flora of Britain and Northern Europe.Hodder & Stoughton.
  8. ^abHuxley, A., ed. (1992).New RHS Dictionary of Gardening4: 664-665. Macmillan.
  9. ^"Periwinkle".Retrieved16 November2012.
  10. ^Global Compendium of Weeds:Vinca major
  11. ^Global Compendium of Weeds:Vinca minor
  12. ^Hesse, Manfred (2002).Alkaloids: Nature's Curse or Blessing?.Wiley-VCH. p. 7.ISBN978-3-906390-24-6.
  13. ^abcvan Der Heijden, Robert; Jacobs, Denise I.; Snoeijer, Wim; Hallard, Didier; Verpoorte, Robert (2004). "The Catharanthus alkaloids: Pharmacognosy and biotechnology".Current Medicinal Chemistry.11(5): 607–628.doi:10.2174/0929867043455846.PMID15032608.
  14. ^Cooper, Raymond; Deakin, Jeffrey John (2016)."Africa's gift to the world".Botanical Miracles: Chemistry of Plants That Changed the World.CRC Press.pp. 46–51.ISBN9781498704304.
  15. ^abGansäuer, Andreas; Justicia, José; Fan, Chun-An; Worgull, Dennis; Piestert, Frederik (2007)."Reductive C—C bond formation after epoxide opening via electron transfer".InKrische, Michael J.(ed.).Metal Catalyzed Reductive C—C Bond Formation: A Departure from Preformed Organometallic Reagents.Topics in Current Chemistry. Vol. 279.Springer Science & Business Media.pp. 25–52.doi:10.1007/128_2007_130.ISBN9783540728795.
  16. ^abcdeKeglevich, Péter; Hazai, Laszlo; Kalaus, György; Szántay, Csaba (2012)."Modifications on the basic skeletons of vinblastine and vincristine".Molecules.17(5): 5893–5914.doi:10.3390/molecules17055893.PMC6268133.PMID22609781.
  17. ^Raviña, Enrique (2011)."Vinca alkaloids".The evolution of drug discovery: From traditional medicines to modern drugs.John Wiley & Sons.pp. 157–159.ISBN9783527326693.
  18. ^"Chemotherapy for Acute Lymphocytic Leukemia".cancer.org.American Cancer Society.February 18, 2016.RetrievedJune 22,2017.
    "Chemotherapy for Chronic Myeloid Leukemia".cancer.org.American Cancer Society.February 22, 2016.RetrievedJune 22,2017.
    "Chemotherapy for Childhood Leukemia".cancer.org.American Cancer Society.February 3, 2016.RetrievedJune 22,2017.
  19. ^"Chemotherapy for Hodgkin Lymphoma".cancer.org.American Cancer Society.March 29, 2017.RetrievedJune 22,2017.
    "Chemotherapy for Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma".cancer.org.American Cancer Society.May 31, 2016.RetrievedJune 22,2017.
  20. ^"Chemotherapy for Neuroblastoma".cancer.org.American Cancer Society.January 22, 2016.RetrievedJune 22,2017.
    "Chemotherapy for Brain and Spinal Cord Tumors in Children".cancer.org.American Cancer Society.January 21, 2016.RetrievedJune 22,2017.
  21. ^Sears, Justin E.;Boger, Dale L.(2015)."Total Synthesis of Vinblastine, Related Natural Products, and Key Analogues and Development of Inspired Methodology Suitable for the Systematic Study of Their Structure-Function Properties".Accounts of Chemical Research.48(3): 653–662.doi:10.1021/ar500400w.PMC4363169.PMID25586069.
  22. ^"Chemotherapy for Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer".cancer.org.American Cancer Society.May 16, 2016.RetrievedJune 22,2017.
    "Chemotherapy for Hodgkin Lymphoma".cancer.org.American Cancer Society.March 29, 2017.RetrievedJune 22,2017.
    "Chemotherapy for Testicular Cancer".cancer.org.American Cancer Society.February 12, 2016.RetrievedJune 22,2017.
  23. ^Hirata, K.; Miyamoto, K.; Miura, Y. (1994)."Catharanthus roseusL. (Periwinkle): Production of Vindoline and Catharanthine in Multiple Shoot Cultures ".In Bajaj, Y. P. S. (ed.).Biotechnology in Agriculture and Forestry 26.Medicinal and Aromatic Plants. Vol. VI.Springer-Verlag.pp.46–55.ISBN9783540563914.
  24. ^Faller, Bryan A.; Pandi, Trailokya N. (2011)."Safety and efficacy of vinorelbine in the treatment of non-small cell lung cancer".Clinical Medicine Insights: Oncology.5:131–144.doi:10.4137/CMO.S5074.PMC3117629.PMID21695100.
  25. ^Morcillo, Sara P.; Miguel, Delia; Campaña, Araceli G.; Cienfuegos, Luis Álvarez de; Justicia, José; Cuerva, Juan M. (2014)."Recent applications of Cp2TiCl in natural product synthesis ".Organic Chemistry Frontiers.1(1): 15–33.doi:10.1039/c3qo00024a.hdl:10481/47295.
  26. ^Hardouin, Christophe; Doris, Eric; Rousseau, Bernard; Mioskowski, Charles (2002). "Concise synthesis of anhydrovinblastine from leurosine".Organic Letters.4(7): 1151–1153.doi:10.1021/ol025560c.PMID11922805.
  27. ^abNgo, Quoc Anh; Roussi, Fanny; Cormier, Anthony; Thoret, Sylviane; Knossow, Marcel; Guénard, Daniel; Guéritte, Françoise (2009). "Synthesis and biological evaluation ofVinca alkaloidsand phomopsin hybrids ".Journal of Medicinal Chemistry.52(1): 134–142.doi:10.1021/jm801064y.PMID19072542.
  28. ^"Vinca ispartensis Koyuncu & Eksi".Plants of the World Online.Kew Science.Retrieved2021-01-15.
  29. ^"Plants Profile for Vinca major (bigleaf periwinkle)".plants.usda.gov.Retrieved2018-11-12.
  30. ^"Neotropical Plant Portal Research Checklist: Peru".hasbrouck.asu.edu.Retrieved2018-11-12.
  31. ^"Plants Profile for Vinca minor (common periwinkle)".plants.usda.gov.Retrieved2018-11-12.
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