Voiced epiglottal trill
| Voiced pharyngeal trill (voiced epiglottal fricative) | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| ʢ | |||
| IPA Number | 174 | ||
| Audio sample | |||
| Encoding | |||
| Entity(decimal) | ʢ | ||
| Unicode(hex) | U+02A2 | ||
| X-SAMPA | <\ | ||
| Braille |   | ||
| |||
Thevoiced epiglottalorpharyngeal trill,orvoiced epiglottal fricative,[1]is a type ofconsonantalsound, used in somespokenlanguages.The symbol in theInternational Phonetic Alphabetthat represents this sound is ⟨ʢ⟩.
Few languages distinguish between pharyngeal and epiglottal fricatives/trills, and in fact the fricatives in Arabic are routinely described as "pharyngeal". However, according toPeter Ladefoged,theAghulspoken in the village ofBurkikhan,Dagestanhas both (as well as anepiglottal stop), as presented inthese audio files.
Features[edit]
Features of the voiced epiglottal trill/fricative:
- Itsmanner of articulationistrill,which means it is produced by directing air over an articulator so that it vibrates.
- Itsplace of articulationisepiglottal,which means it is articulated with thearyepiglottic foldsagainst theepiglottis.
- Itsphonationis voiced, which means the vocal cords vibrate during the articulation.
- It is anoral consonant,which means air is allowed to escape through the mouth only.
- It is acentral consonant,which means it is produced by directing the airstream along the center of the tongue, rather than to the sides.
- Theairstream mechanismispulmonic,which means it is articulated by pushing air solely with theintercostal musclesandabdominal muscles,as in most sounds.
Occurrence[edit]
| Language | Word | IPA | Meaning | Notes | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Aghul | Richa dialect[2] | [ʢakʷ] | 'light' | ||
| Arabic[3] | Iraqi[4] | عَاف | [ʢaːf] | 'he left' | Corresponds to/ʕ/(ﻉ) inStandard Arabicand othervarieties.SeeArabic phonology |
| Siwa[5] | [arˤbˤəʢa] | 'four' | |||
See also[edit]
Notes[edit]
- ^John Esling (2010) "Phonetic Notation", in Hardcastle, Laver & Gibbon (eds)The Handbook of Phonetic Sciences,2nd ed., p 695.
- ^Kodzasov, S. V. (August 1–7, 1987). "Pharyngeal Features in the Daghestan Languages".Proceedings of the Eleventh International Congress of Phonetic Sciences.Tallinn, Estonia. pp. 142–144.
- ^Ladefoged & Maddieson (1996:167–168)
- ^Hassan, Zeki; Esling, John; Moisik, Scott; Crevier-Buchman, Lise (2011). "Aryepiglottic trilled variants of /ʕ, ħ/ in Iraqi Arabic".Proceedings of the 17th International Congress of Phonetic Sciences.Hong Kong. pp. 831–834.
- ^Naumann, Christfried (June 26, 2009)."Siwa".Leipzig, Germany: Department of Linguistics, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology. Archived fromthe originalon 2019-11-12.
References[edit]
- Ladefoged, Peter;Maddieson, Ian(1996),The Sounds of the World's Languages,Oxford: Blackwell,ISBN0-631-19815-6
