Voiceless alveolar lateral affricate

Voiceless alveolar lateral affricate
Voiceless alveolar lateral affricate
tɬ
ƛ
IPA Number	103 (148)
Audio sample
	source·help
Encoding
Entity(decimal)	t͡ɬ
Unicode(hex)	U+0074 U+0361 U+026C
Image

Thevoiceless alveolar lateral affricateis a type ofconsonantalsound, used in somespoken languages.The symbol in theInternational Phonetic Alphabetis ⟨t͡ɬ⟩ (often simplified to ⟨tɬ⟩), and inAmericanist phonetic notationit is⟨ƛ⟩(barred lambda).

Features[edit]

Features of the voiceless alveolar lateral affricate:

Itsmanner of articulationisaffricate,which means it is produced by first stopping the airflow entirely, then allowing air flow through a constricted channel at the place of articulation, causing turbulence.
Itsplace of articulationisalveolar,which means it is articulated with either the tip or the blade of the tongue at thealveolar ridge,termed respectivelyapicalandlaminal.
Itsphonationis voiceless, which means it is produced without vibrations of the vocal cords. In some languages the vocal cords are actively separated, so it is always voiceless; in others the cords are lax, so that it may take on the voicing of adjacent sounds.
It is anoral consonant,which means air is allowed to escape through the mouth only.
It is alateral consonant,which means it is produced by directing the airstream over the sides of the tongue, rather than down the middle.
Theairstream mechanismispulmonic,which means it is articulated by pushing air solely with theintercostal musclesandabdominal muscles,as in most sounds.

Family	Language		Word	IPA	Meaning	Notes
Semitic	Arabic	Levantine	ثلاثة/tlete	[t͡ɬe̞ːte̞]	'three'	Allophone of /tl/
Northeast Caucasian	Avar		лӀугьине	[t͡ɬ:uhine]	'to become'
Iroquoian	Cherokee	Otali	Ꮭ/tla	[t͡ɬa]	'no'
Chukotko-Kamchatkan	Chukchi		Ԓыгъоравэтԓьэн	[ɬəɣˀorawetɬˀɛn]	'Chukchi'
Isolate	Haida		tla'únhl	[t͡ɬʌʊ́nɬ]	'six'
Semitic	Hebrew		תלונה/tluna	[ˈt͡ɬuna]	'complaint'	Pronunciation of /tl/ sequence by some speakers.
Germanic	Icelandic		bolli	[ˈpɔt͡ɬɪ]	'cup'	SeeIcelandic phonology.
Romance	Ladin		tlo	[t͡ɬo]	'here'	Gherdëina variant
Uto-Aztecan	Nahuatl		Nahuatl	[ˈnaːwat͡ɬ]^ⓘ	'Nahuatl language'
Hmongic	Pa Na		[t͡ɬa˧˥]		'frost'
Plateau-Penutian	Sahaptin		[t͡ɬupt]		'jumping'
Romance	Spanish	Mexican^[1]	Xóchitl	[ˈʃo̞t͡ʃit͡ɬ]	'Xóchitl'	SeeSpanish phonology.
Na-Dene	Tlingit^[2]		tleilóo	[t͡ɬeɬúː]^ⓘ	'butterfly'	Distinguishes aspirated and unaspirated
Northeast Caucasian	Tsez		элIни/eƛni	[ˈʔɛ̝t͡ɬni]	'winter'
Bantu	Tswana		tlala	[t͡ɬala]	'hunger'

Lope Blanch, Juan M. (2004),Cuestiones de filología mexicana,Mexico: editorial Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México,ISBN 978-970-32-0976-7
Maddieson, Ian;Smith, Caroline; Bessell, Nicola (2001), "Aspects of the phonetics of Tlingit",Anthropological Linguistics,43(2): 135–176,JSTOR 30028779
Chen, Qiguang [ trần này quang ]. 2001. "A Brief Introduction of Bana Language [ ba kia ngữ tình hình chung ]". Minzu Yuwen.