Voiceless bilabial trill
| Voiceless bilabial trill | |
|---|---|
| ʙ̥ | |
| Audio sample | |
| Encoding | |
| X-SAMPA | B\_0 |
Thevoiceless bilabial trillis a type ofconsonantalsound, used in some spokenlanguages.The symbol in theInternational Phonetic Alphabetthat represents this sound is ⟨ʙ̥⟩. TheX-SAMPAsymbol isB\_0
This sound is typologically extremely rare. It occurs in languages such asPará Arára[1]andSercquiais.[citation needed]
Only a few languages contrast voiced and voiceless bilabial trills phonemically – e.g.Mangbetuof Congo andNindeof Vanuatu.[2][3]
There is also a very rare voiceless alveolar bilabiallytrilled affricate,[t̪͡ʙ̥](written ⟨tᵖ̃⟩ in Everett & Kern) reported fromPirahãand from a few words in theChapacuran languagesWariʼandOro Win.The sound also appears as anallophoneof the labializedvoiceless alveolar stop/tʷ/ofAbkhazandUbykh,but in those languages it is more often realised by adoubly articulated stop[t͡p].In the Chapacuran languages,[tʙ̥]is reported almost exclusively before rounded vowels such as[o]and[y].
Additionally,Lesehas another rare trilled affricate, alabial–velartrilled affricate[k͡pʙ̥],which occurs as an allophone of thevoiceless labial–velar plosive[k͡p].[4]
Features[edit]
Features of the bilabial trill:
- Itsmanner of articulationistrill,which means it is produced by directing air over an articulator so that it vibrates.
- Itsplace of articulationisbilabial,which means it is articulated with bothlips.
- Itsphonationis voiceless, which means it is produced without vibrations of the vocal cords. In some languages the vocal cords are actively separated, so it is always voiceless; in others the cords are lax, so that it may take on the voicing of adjacent sounds.
- It is anoral consonant,which means air is allowed to escape through the mouth only.
- Because the sound is not produced with airflow over the tongue, thecentral–lateraldichotomy does not apply.
- Theairstream mechanismispulmonic,which means it is articulated by pushing air solely with theintercostal musclesandabdominal muscles,as in most sounds.
Occurrence[edit]
| Language | Word | IPA | Meaning | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ahamb[5] | [ŋãˈʙ̥̍s] | 'it foams' | Contrasts/ʙ̥,ᵐʙ,ⁿᵈr/. | |
| Lese[4] | [uk͡pʙ̥u] | 'head' | Allophone of /k͡p/ | |
| Neverver[6] | [naɣaᵐʙ̥] | 'fire, firewood' | ||
| Pará Arára[7] | [ʙ̥uta] | 'to throw away' | ||
| Ubykh[8] | тваҳəбза/tuaqhəbza | [t͡ʙ̥aχəbza] | 'Ubykh language' | Allophone of/tʷ/.SeeUbykh phonology |
| Wariʼ | tpotpowe | [t͡ʙ̥ot͡ʙ̥oweʔ] | 'chicken' | |
Notes[edit]
- ^de Souza, Isaac Costa (2010). "3".A Phonological Description of "Pet Talk" in Arara(MA). University of North Dakota.S2CID61247622.
- ^Linguist Wins Symbolic Victory for 'Labiodental Flap'.NPR (2005-12-17). Retrieved on 2010-12-08.
- ^LINGUIST List 8.45: Bilabial trill.Linguistlist.org. Retrieved on 2010-12-08.
- ^abDidier Demolin, Bernard Teston (September 1997)."Phonetic characteristics of double articulations in some Mangbutu-Efe languages"(PDF).International Speech Communication Association:803–806.
- ^Rangelov, Tihomir. 2019.The bilabial trills of Ahamb (Vanuatu): Acoustic and articulatory properties.In S. Calhoun, P. Escudero, M. Tabain and P. Warren (eds),Proceedings of the 19th International Congress of Phonetic Sciences, Melbourne, Australia 2019.Canberra, Australasian Speech Science and Technology Association Inc.: 1292-1296.
- ^Seepp.33-34of:Barbour, Julie (2012).A Grammar of Neverver.Germany: Mouton de Gruyter.ISBN9783110289619.
- ^de Souza, Isaac Costa (2010)."3"(PDF).A Phonological Description of "Pet Talk" in Arara(MA). SIL Brazil. Archived fromthe original(PDF)on 2013-10-12.Retrieved2014-01-09.
- ^Ladefoged (2005:165)
