Vojtěch Náprstek

Vojtěch Náprstek(often calledVojta) (17 April 1826, inPrague– 2 September 1894), was aCzechphilanthropist, patriot and politician, as well as a pioneeringCzech languagejournalist in the United States.

Vojtěch Náprstek

Background

Náprstek (standing) with his mother Anna and brother Ferdinand

Vojtěch Náprstek was born Adalbert Fingerhut. His father Anton Fingerhut had the German name as the only one of seven siblings – the others were called by the Czech version of the name Náprstek. (The German word fingerhut and the Czech word naprstek can be translated as thimble in English.) Adalbert officially changed his name to Vojtěch Náprstek in 1880 but he had been using the Czech name far earlier.His mother,Anna Fingerhut-Náprstková(1788–1873), was a nationalist businesswoman who ran a brewery/distilleryand adjoininginn,"U Halánků", hospitable to budding nationalist organizations. That building still stands and is located on Bethlehem Square(Betlémské náměstí) in Prague and it is known as Náprstek Museum of Asian, African and American Cultures. Both Vojtěch and his elder brother Ferdinand, outspoken nationalists, were closely watched by theHabsburgpolice. After the disastrous results of thePrague Upheavals of 1848,Vojtěch left home in secret for the United States, where he finished his law studies.

1848 and America

Náprstek in 1848

He secretly fled toMilwaukeeinWisconsin,where he lived for about a decade before returning home, completing his law studies. He is considered to be the spiritual father of Czech journalism in America. He published the freethinking newspaper theMilwaukee Flügblatter,the first periodical published by a Czech in the United States. Although theFlügblatterwas in the German language, it was read largely by Czechs. Naprstek encouragedCzech Americansto organize and publish their own Czech newspapers. He became an American citizen.

Return to Bohemia

He returned toBohemiaaround 1857, and resumed political activities. After his return, he labored to familiarize his fellow Czechs with American concepts, institutions, and techniques, as well as with the Native American peoples with whom he had worked. He helped fellow Czech patriotCharles Jonaslearn English, and arranged for his flight to London, and later immigration toRacine, Wisconsin.His collections became the core of the presentNáprstek Museumof Asian, African, and American cultures in Prague.He became an alderman of the town of Prague (1873–1894) and a town councillor (1881–1892). Náprstek was an advocate of progressive ideas, including general living conditions in Prague, as well as the provision of education and health care facilities and the introduction of modern technologies in public life (gas lighting and cooking, the telephone, etc.). He also co-founded, in 1888, theCzech Hiking Club(Klub českých turistů).He was initiated intofreemasonryduring his life in theUnited States.After his return to theAustrian Empirehe founded small masonic illegal groups for propagation of masonic ideals.

Women's rights

Náprstek in 1885; portrait byJan Vilímek

When he returned to Prague after ten years abroad, his speeches and presentations about activities established by American women attracted a great deal of attention. Around 1864 he organised an exhibition of American sewing machines (until then unknown in Prague) together with demonstrations on how to use them, which was heavily visited by women. In 1865 he funded the founding of the "Americký klub dám" (American Ladies’ Club or American Club of Bohemian Women), which held its first meetings on the premises of his mother's inn "U Halánků". The club offered lectures on questions of women's emancipation, astronomy, medicine, biology, philosophy, literature, history and many other topics. The free lectures were given to women on Sunday mornings; men were allowed to listen to them from the lobby. During the twenty years of this lecture series almost 27,000 listeners were registered. The members of the American Ladies’ Club could also use Náprstek's library of Czech books, as well as books written in English and other foreign languages. This patronage, as well as his public advocacy ofwomen's suffrageas early as 1887, brought Náprstek thesobriquet"the women’s advocate". The organization was looked upon askance by the authorities, and was forced to function as aprivate clubrather than as acivic organization.

Sources

• Czech Pioneers in Wisconsinby Miloslav Rechcigl Jr., accessed 9 December 2007