Jump to content

WIAT

Add links
This is a good article. Click here for more information.
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

This article is about the television station in Birmingham, Alabama. For the achievement test, seeWechsler Individual Achievement Test.For other uses, seeIAT.
"WBMG" redirects here. Not to be confused withWBNG-TV.
WIAT
A white box with a blue CBS eye and the letters C B S next to a blue box containing a wide, sans serif numeral 42 in white
CityBirmingham, Alabama
Channels
BrandingCBS 42
Programming
Affiliations
Ownership
Owner
History
First air date
October 17, 1965
(58 years ago)(1965-10-17)
Former call signs
WBMG (1965–1998)
Former channel number(s)
Analog:42 (UHF, 1965–2009)
NBC(secondary, 1965–1970)
Call signmeaning
"It's About Time", station slogan at 1998 relaunch
Technical information[1]
Licensing authority
FCC
Facility ID5360
ERP1,000kW
HAAT426 m (1,398 ft)
Transmitter coordinates33°29′4.5″N86°48′25.4″W/ 33.484583°N 86.807056°W/33.484583; -86.807056
Links
Public license information
Websitewww.cbs42

WIAT(channel 42) is atelevision stationinBirmingham, Alabama,United States, affiliated withCBSand owned byNexstar Media Group.The station's studios are on Golden Crest Drive atopRed Mountain,where its tower is also located.

Channel 42 in Birmingham went on the air as WBMG on October 17, 1965, nearly nine years after its construction was approved. It was the city's third commercial station after channels 6 and 13 (nowWBRCandWVTM-TV), whosevery high frequency(VHF) signals carried further than WBMG'sultra high frequency(UHF) signal; the Birmingham Television Corporation, which built channel 42, had been unsuccessful in efforts to allocate a third VHF TV channel to Birmingham. The station initially aired the CBS andNBCprograms not aired by channel 13 until the two stations each took full-time network affiliations in 1970. It was hemmed in by its weaker signal, the existence of CBS affiliates inTuscaloosaandAnniston,and the dominance of the VHF stations in the ratings.Roy H. ParkBroadcasting acquired WBMG in 1973, but WBMG never moved above third in the market. In response to low ratings, the station dropped local news in 1982 and restored it in 1987; the newscasts, titledAction News Birmingham,became known for a combative style and emphasis on metro-area news, but they were never highly viewed. By 1997, syndicated reruns ofSanford and Sonattracted more viewers than WBMG's evening news, anda new Birmingham TV stationpushed channel 42 into fourth place in news.

WhenMedia Generalacquired the Park group in 1997, it planned a major overhaul of the long-struggling station. General manager Eric Land fired all of WBMG's on-air presenters as well as other news employees in December 1997. For a month, channel 42 aired a countdown clock at 5 and 10 p.m. while the news department was rebuilt from scratch, a tactic that attracted national attention. On February 5, 1998, the station changed its call letters to WIAT—for its new slogan, "It's About Time" —and relaunched its newscasts as42 Daily News.The news programs featured short stories, no on-camera reporters, and a high story count; while still in fourth place, they were a marked improvement in quality and ratings over their predecessors. After ratings plateaued in the early 2000s, the station moved to a more conventional format and brought in veteran Birmingham news personalities, which made channel 42 more competitive in the market.

Media General acquired WVTM-TV in 2006 and sold WIAT toNew Vision Televisionto make the purchase.LIN Mediaacquired New Vision in 2012, and Media General acquired LIN in 2014—this time, keeping WIAT and selling WVTM. Nexstar purchased Media General in 2017.

Pre-launch[edit]

In March 1956, the Birmingham Television Corporation—formed by Harry andElmer Balaban—was incorporated in Alabama and proceeded to file for Birmingham's unusedultra high frequency(UHF) channel 42.[2][3]That same month, Birmingham radio stationWSGNfiled for channel 42 as well. It was the second application for television made by WSGN, which had previously sought channel 48 and was anABCaffiliate in radio.[4]The fact that two applicants were seeking a UHF channel was of note given that UHF television had proved mostly an economic failure due to lack of transmitter power and the inability of many sets to tune UHF stations.[5]

WSGN's owners, the Winston-Salem Broadcasting Company, withdrew their application for channel 42 on November 28, 1956.[6]The withdrawal was part of a consolidation with the Balaban application, which was approved. Of the prospects for a new station, which would likely have been an ABC affiliate at that point in time, Roger Thames ofThe Birmingham Newswrote,[7]

Personally, I don't believe anybody's going to establish a UHF station in Birmingham. I don't believe there are very many sets in use here which will bring in the UHF signal. And UHF operators elsewhere have had little luck in persuading folks to spend money to gear their sets to get UHF. But... it costs money to keep an application alive, and something must be in the air.

The Birmingham Television Corporation spent years trying to move a third commercial channel in the more establishedvery high frequency(VHF) band to Birmingham. In the late 1950s and early 1960s, the FCC considered adding such a channel to Birmingham on multiple occasions. In 1959, it considered moving channel 8 into Birmingham; WBMG favored a proposal to relocate channel 4 fromColumbus, Mississippi,which was also denied.[8][9]In 1963, it opted to deny the addition of channel 3.[10][11]The pending proceedings spared the unbuilt station, with the call sign WBMG, from deletion. In 1960, the FCC sent letters to the permittees of 54 unused or unbuilt UHF stations, including WBMG, ordering them to resume or lose the permit.[12]WBMG and a permit inGrand Rapids, Michigan,were spared due to the pending proposals.[13]In 1963, Winston-Salem Broadcasting became the sole owner of the Birmingham Television Corporation when it bought out the Balabans' stake.[14]

Construction and early years[edit]

In November 1964, Winston-Salem Broadcasting filed to sell a two-thirds stake to four investors: William P. Dubois, Enterprise Funds Inc., Northwest Growth Fund Inc., and Exchange Capitol Corporation. The FCC approved this transaction in March 1965.[15]With the new ownership, plans were set in motion to construct WBMG, with Dubois as general manager.[16][17]Even at this juncture, the station attempted to improve its position by filing for the lower channel 21.[18]

WBMG began broadcasting on October 17, 1965.[19]The quarters it occupied onRed Mountainhad belonged to radio station WJLD and were designed to accommodate a television operation.[18]WBMG did not hold a primary network affiliation at launch.WAPI-TV(channel 13) held the primary affiliations withCBSandNBCin central Alabama, and not all of their programming was seen in Birmingham as a result; channel 42 filled this gap by airing the network shows not aired on channel 13.[18]This was illustrated in its first day of programming: the inaugural program was anNBC Newsspecial, but later in the evening the station airedThe Ed Sullivan Showfrom CBS. Likewise, WBMG aired theCBS Evening NewswithWalter Cronkiteand NBC'sThe Tonight Show Starring Johnny Carsonon weeknights.[19]Carson had gone unseen in Birmingham in several years.[20]Because WAPI-TV had first-call rights on the networks' programs, series moved between the stations, sometimes in the middle of the television season.[21][22]

The station broadcast with aneffective radiated powerof 479,000 watts until 1969, when it activated a new, 894-foot (272 m) tower and increased its power to over a million watts.[14]The new tower was boasted to increase the station's signal in areas fromAnnistonandGadsdenin the east toTuscaloosain the west.[23]By this time, Tuscaloosa and Anniston each had their own stations: Tuscaloosa'sWCFT(channel 33) debuted in October 1965, while Anniston'sWHMA-TV(channel 40) started in October 1969.[24][25]This situation persisted until May 31, 1970, when WAPI-TV became the sole NBC affiliate under a new agreement with NBC and WBMG the sole CBS affiliate.[26][27]Likewise, WCFT and WHMA-TV became full-time CBS affiliates.[28][29]

In 1971, WBMG moved into larger studios on Red Mountain.[30]

Park Broadcasting ownership[edit]

Park Broadcasting, the radio and television enterprise ofRoy H. Park,acquired WBMG in 1973, bringing its station group up to the then-limit of seven outlets.[31][32]Park continued to make capital investments in channel 42 in spite of its reduced coverage area, including new video tape equipment,electronic news gathering,and a new antenna. However, these changes did not fully help WBMG, whose signal could not fully penetrate the hilly Central Alabama terrain.[33]

The station produced a number of local programs; these included a public affairs series (Spectrum), live studio wrestling,[34]a weekly church service, and annual coverage of Birmingham's Veterans Day parade.[33]In the late 1960s and 1970s, channel 42 offeredSgt. Jack,a children's show hosted by Birmingham disc jockey Neal Miller.[35]Its studios were the home to the first programs produced byMother Angelica,founder of theEternal Word Television Network(EWTN); she severed her relationship with WBMG in 1981 when it aired a CBS miniseries based on the 1972 novelThe Word,which she believed presented Jesus as a fake.[36]

While WBMG debuted a local newscast when it signed on in 1965,[19]its news efforts were generally minimal. One of its first employees was Bill Bolen, who had worked at WSGN radio and later left to spend 41 years at WBRC; he recalled channel 42 as "primitive".[37]By 1977, the news staff numbered four people, while WBRC and WAPI-TV each had 20 or more employees in their news departments.[33]Few people watched. In 1981, WBMG's 6 p.m. newscast attracted six percent of the audience at that hour to 49 percent for WBRC and 33 percent for the recently renamed WVTM-TV, and the station had no newscast at 10 p.m. General manager Hoyle Broome touted the straightforward format of his newscast as an alternative.[38]The newscast, known asMetro News,was then moved to 5 p.m. in hopes of attracting an audience as the first newscast of the evening; WVTM dashed those hopes by debuting a 5 p.m. newscast of its own, prompting station officials to reevaluate.[39]In March 1982, the newscast was replaced with short news updates during daytime and evening programming, and the news staff was reduced from five employees to two.[40]The station did not air local newscasts for the next several years;[41]Park instead invested in a new, taller tower and higher-power transmitter facility for WBMG, which were activated in 1983 and 1984, respectively.[42]

Action News Birmingham[edit]

In late 1986, WBMG began readying a return to local news production, prompting Tuscaloosa-basedWDBBto cancel its low-rated 9 p.m. local newscast.[43]Park invested $1.5 million to startWBMG Action News Birmingham,which debuted on January 12, 1987. The news department, with weeknight 5 and 10 p.m. newscasts as well as weekend editions, focused on news in the five-county Birmingham metro area, rather than the much larger news coverage areas of WBRC and WVTM; the goal was not to be number one but merely to occupy a niche.[44]News director Frank Morock believed the expanding focuses of the other stations left Birmingham and its environs relatively underserved.[45]News viewership forAction News Birminghamhovered between five and nine percent of the audience, a far cry from the shares of 30 percent or above commanded by each of WBRC and WVTM.[46]The newscasts were losing in the ratings to syndicated reruns on Birmingham'sindependent station,WTTO,though station management contended and a coincidental telephone survey found that viewership was higher than reflected in ratings diaries.[47]

John Herrod leftKTXS-TVinSweetwater, Texas,to become WBMG's news director in 1990. He sought to give the station a defined news image by airing longer, more in-depth stories.[48]Channel 42 also became known for aggressive reporting. When WBRC anchor Janet Hall became a spokeswoman for theBirmingham Zoo,WBMG produced a news special openly asking whether WBRC could be considered a reliable source for reporting on the troubled facility.[49]Doors being slammed in WBMG reporters' faces became a common sight on channel 42's newscasts, and the station did a series of reports on why Birmingham city officials were not talking to WBMG.[50]Even though WBMG's news audience consisted of one to two percent of the market,[51]a study by researchers at theUniversity of Alabama at Birminghamfound that WBMG'sAction Newsaired more local news stories and longer stories than its higher-rated competitors in one week in April 1994, concluding, "Channel 42 was guilty of some editorializing but clearly offered more substance than the other two stations."[52]

Shifting affiliations elsewhere, shifting ownership at Park[edit]

In 1994, Park Communications[a]sold itself to Donald R. Tomlin and Gary B. Knapp in a deal backed by theRetirement Systems of Alabamapension fund.[54]The sale of Park led to the end of Herrod'sAction Newsformat and combative approach in favor of a more mainstream news presentation with the same amount of crime news as other local stations. A new news director was hired in late 1995; the station initiated new weekend, morning, and 5 p.m. newscasts in 1996; and the newsroom was expanded from 1,500 square feet (140 m2) to 3,900 square feet (360 m2).[55]

Meanwhile, a major realignment of television station affiliations and ownership was brewing in the market. In May 1994,New World Communicationsagreed to affiliate 12 stations withFox,including ABC affiliate WBRC-TV, which it had just agreed to buy fromCiticasters.At the same time, New World agreed to buy Argyle Television, owner of NBC affiliate WVTM-TV; to resolve the conflict, WBRC-TV was sold directly to the Fox network. This deal set off a slow-motion affiliation shuffle in Birmingham as ABC sought a replacement affiliate.[56]ABC negotiated with WBMG and was even reported to be near a deal.[57]Instead, Park Communications signed a long-term renewal with CBS, owing to its upcoming deal to carrySoutheastern Conferencecollege sports and the company's lengthy relationship with the network.[58]

As a replacement, ABC persuaded the CBS affiliates in Tuscaloosa and Anniston, WCFT and WJSU, to switch affiliations. They would act as full-power satellites of a low-power station in Birmingham,WBMA-LP,with a new combined news operation in Birmingham. The new station, which debuted in September 1996 under the moniker "ABC 33/40", featured veteran Alabama news personalities including WBRC'sJames Spannand Brenda Ladun,[59][60]later poaching anchor Pam Huff from WVTM. The newscasts on WBMA immediately rose to third place in the Birmingham ratings, pushing channel 42 to fourth place.[61]Nielsen Media Research,which measures television ratings, proceeded to announce that it would fold Tuscaloosa and Anniston into the BirminghamDesignated Market Areaas a result of their local stations being merged with WBMA; in addition, it would introduce meters instead of diaries to the enlarged market.[62][63]

"It's About Time": Media General acquisition and relaunch as WIAT[edit]

New ownership and management[edit]

Media General,a broadcaster and publisher based inRichmond, Virginia,announced it would purchase Park Communications in July 1996, creating a company focused on media holdings in the Southeast.[64]The company assumed ownership of WBMG in January 1997 and fired 17-year general manager Hoyle Broome in March. His replacement was Eric Land, who arrived fromWGRZinBuffalo, New York.[65]Among Land's first moves was simulcasting WBMG's newscasts onWNALinGadsden,which had replaced WJSU as the CBS affiliate in the eastern portion of the state.[66]The station also ended its longtime relationship with UAB athletics; Broome, a noted booster, was known for preempting CBS prime time programming for sports.[67]

Land's priority was to fix the news department; he had previously overseen major overhauls at WGRZ and atWEYI-TVinSaginaw, Michigan.The station's newscasts had sunk belowThe Andy Griffith Showon WTTO andSanford and SononWABMin the ratings,[68][61]and they were so poor that not even the anchors' parents watched, Land later recalled.[69]Speculation of a major shakeup was fed by a major research project as well as the resignations of several senior managers over the course of 1997.[70]

A television screenshot. On a black screen, from top: 1. The words IT'S COMING IN in a bold, white sans serif. 2. Inside a white box, a countdown showing days, hours, minutes and seconds. 3. In the lower right, a blue 3D circle with red elements suggesting the dial faces on a clock and, on top in white, the words "It's about time."
The countdown clock that WBMG aired instead of local news from January 1 to February 5, 1998

On December 11, 1997, WBMG fired all of its on-air anchors and reporters as well as other news staffers, a total of 21 people, effective December 31. Land declared, "We just cannot continue to offer a traditional newscast. That's already being done in this market." The station's employees had expected Land to make significant changes. While lead weeknight anchorman Chris Schauble told theBirmingham Post-Heraldthat he had known as early as Thanksgiving that he was going to be fired, many other staffers did not know exactly what would take place until the firings were announced.[71][72][73]A day before the final newscast, on December 31, Land announced that it would be replaced with a clock counting down to the debut of a new newscast on February 5, coinciding with the start of the1998 Winter Olympics,which aired on CBS; he joked, "More people will probably watch the clock than watched the news broadcast anyway."[74]The story attracted attention well beyond Birmingham; Mark Lorando in the New OrleansTimes-Picayunecompared Land's mass firing tothe series finaleofThe Mary Tyler Moore Show,in which nearly every news staffer was fired.[75]During this time, the news department was reconstructed with input from focus groups and market research.[71]The newsroom also kept functioning; the station sent coverage of the January 29 bombing of the New Woman All Women Clinic in Birmingham's Southside neighborhood byEric RudolphtoCBS Newspath,CNN,and stations in neighboring markets, even though it was not airing a newscast.[76]

Launch of42 Daily News[edit]

The reason we did [the call sign change] was because the perception of WBMG was so bad and the news produced was so bad. We had to make a clear break.... That included changing the call letters.

Micah Johnson, WIAT news manager[77]

On that date, at 5 p.m., viewers saw Land push a plunger to blow up the WBMG logo before an audience of Birmingham community leaders.[69]The station changed its call sign to WIAT,[b]for It's About Time, the slogan of the station's new42 Daily Newsnewscasts, which aired at 5 and 10 p.m. TheDaily Newsformat eschewed on-camera reporters; stories were packaged into topical minute segments such as "Alabama Minute" and "Education Minute". The format earned comparisons toCNN Headline NewsfromKeith Cate,who came fromWMAR-TVinBaltimoreto serve as lead co-anchor, and an article in theBirmingham Post-Herald.[71][79]One anchor manned the news desk, while the other read stories from various places on the new set. The2-Minute Drillsportscast was provided byPaul Finebaum,aPost-Heraldcolumnist and radio show host onWERC;the sportscast in the 5 p.m. newscast aired live on TV and radio.[80]The other weeknight news presenters, like Cate, came from out of the market: Sherri Jackson was hired fromWSAZ-TVinHuntington, West Virginia,[81]while Declan Cannon had worked atThe Weather Channel.Al Primo,who created theEyewitness Newsformat atKYW-TVinPhiladelphiain 1965, delivered sharp criticism of what he felt was "a product that was generated solely by research and implemented by people who don't know anything about the news business" and "the most disjointed presentation [of a newscast] that I have ever seen in my life".[82]Land responded to Primo's scathing remarks by comparing the format to theAl SchottelkotteNews,a longtime staple ofWCPO-TVinCincinnatifrom the 1960s until 1990, for which he had been a reporter: "[The Al Schottelkotte News] was very nontraditional, but jam-packed with information."[82]

42 Daily Newsrepresented an immediate ratings improvement over its predecessor; the 10 p.m. newscast, in particular, had increased from a paltry 3% share in February 1997 to a 7% share in February 1998, partly due to having the Winter Olympics as a lead-in.[83]This was not enough to overtake any competitors, but it was higher than the last newscasts as WBMG.[84]Ratings also increased once Birmingham became a metered market, moving to 3 and 4 shares on most nights early in the fall of 1998,[85]and continued their steady climb in early 1999.[86]

Some of the firings resulted in legal action against channel 42. Seven Black former employees sued the station for racial discrimination in 1999, alleging they had been fired for their race and that White employees had been treated better;[87]Media General prevailed in multiple state and federal cases.[88]Doug Bell,the station's sports director since 1988,[89]and former general manager Broome each sued Media General for breach of contract.[90]

The WIAT relaunch did not include a morning newscast, which WBMG had debuted prior to 1997. The station did not begin airing a local morning show until 2000, when it began simulcasting an hour of the morning show hosted by Russ and Dee Fine on WYDE radio.[91]The station added a 6 p.m. evening newscast the next year.[92]Land departed in 2001 when Media General tapped him to runWFLA-TVinTampa, Florida,the company's flagship television property; he reunited with Cate, who had joined the WFLA news staff the year before.[93]Finebaum left in May 2002 after a run of more than four years with channel 42;[94]WIAT began broadcasting a digital signal, including high-definition programming, on November 20 of that year.[95]

Ratings growth leveled off after several years of the42 Daily Newsformat, and viewing figures remained flat between 2000 and 2003. While the reporter-less format cost the station less—the WIAT news department had 25 employees in 2003, compared to 70 at WBRC—it was not prospering against more traditional news competition and with a lack of recognizable faces.[96]

Beginning in 2005, WIAT produced a 9 p.m. newscast for WTTO, at that time the market's affiliate ofThe WB.The new WIAT production replaced WTTO'sNews Centralhybrid newscast and required the expansion of channel 42's news staff.[97]

Since 2006[edit]

Sale to New Vision Television[edit]

In 2006, Media General announced it would acquire a package of four smaller-market NBC affiliates owned by the NBC network, which included WVTM. Media General opted to keep WVTM because its signal reached more households;[98]it also was third in the market in revenue compared to WIAT in fourth.[99]The company put four of its stations up for the sale, including WIAT, to finance the purchase and meet ownership limits in the Birmingham market.[100][101]WIAT andKIMTinMason City, Iowa,were sold to Atlanta-basedNew Vision Televisionin a deal announced in August and completed in October 2006.[102]

After the sale, WIAT cemented itself as the number-three station in ratings.[99]It debuted a full-fledged morning newscast in September 2007,[103]and it began attracting noted news personalities under general manager Bill Ballard, who ran the station from 2003 to 2013.[104]Herb Winches, a veteran Birmingham sportscaster for WBRC and WVTM, worked at channel 42 from 2007 to 2008[105]before being replaced by Jim Dunaway, a 15-year veteran of WVTM and sports talk radio host.[106]The station also hired other longtime news presenters in Birmingham, including Ken Lass, Mark Prater, and David Neal.[107][104]

LIN, Media General, and Nexstar ownership[edit]

On May 7, 2012,LIN Mediaannounced that it would purchase the New Vision Television stations, including WIAT, for $330.4 million and the assumption of $12 million in New Vision corporate debt.[108]LIN was acquired two years later by Media General, which opted to keep WIAT and divest WVTM, along withWJCLinSavannah, Georgia,toHearst Television.[109][110][111]After purchasing LIN, Media General initially agreed to merge with theMeredith Corporation[112]but faced a shareholder revolt in the wake of an unsolicited offer fromNexstar Broadcasting Group,[113]which agreed to acquire the company in 2016.[114]

Refer to caption
Luther Strangebeing interviewed in May 2017 by WIAT's Art Franklin

Several of the veteran personalities hired under Ballard departed in the late 2010s. Prater abruptly left WIAT in April 2018,[115]later pleading guilty to harassing a woman he had dated.[116]Dunaway moved to the news desk in 2015, co-anchoring the evening newscasts with Jackson,[117]before leaving in 2018.[118]He was replaced by Art Franklin, who had been the first Black man to anchor an evening newscast in Birmingham at WBRC in the 1990s and was previously seen on channel 42's morning newscasts; Franklin departed in 2022.[119][120]

Notable former on-air staff[edit]

Subchannels[edit]

The station's signal ismultiplexed:

Subchannels of WIAT[125]
Channel Res. Aspect Short name Programming
42.1 1080i 16:9 WIAT-HD CBS
42.2 480i Mystery Ion Mystery
42.3 Grit Grit
42.4 Defy Ion Plus[126]
21.1 720p 16:9 CW The CW(WTTO)
Broadcast on behalf of another station

Notes[edit]

  1. ^Park Broadcasting renamed itself by 1983.[53]
  2. ^While announced on February 5, the change was made in FCC databases on February 1.[78]

References[edit]

  1. ^"Facility Technical Data for WIAT".Licensing and Management System.Federal Communications Commission.
  2. ^"Video Station Incorporated".Alabama Journal.Montgomery, Alabama. February 1, 1956. p. 11-A.Archivedfrom the original on December 17, 2023.RetrievedDecember 17,2023– via Newspapers.
  3. ^"TV concern applies for Channel 42".The Birmingham News.Birmingham, Alabama. March 6, 1956. p. 1.Archivedfrom the original on December 17, 2023.RetrievedDecember 17,2023– via Newspapers.
  4. ^Thames, Roger (March 19, 1956)."The Thames line—WSGN seeks TV channel".The Birmingham News.Birmingham, Alabama. p. 24.Archivedfrom the original on December 17, 2023.RetrievedDecember 17,2023– via Newspapers.
  5. ^Thames, Roger (March 27, 1956)."The Thames line—UHF battle indicates something brewing in TV".The Birmingham News.Birmingham, Alabama. p. 19.Archivedfrom the original on December 17, 2023.RetrievedDecember 17,2023– via Newspapers.
  6. ^"WSGN Withdraws TV Application".Birmingham Post-Herald.Birmingham, Alabama. November 29, 1956. p. 37.Archivedfrom the original on December 17, 2023.RetrievedDecember 17,2023– via Newspapers.
  7. ^Thames, Roger (November 30, 1956)."New station here near? Well, something's up".The Birmingham News.Birmingham, Alabama. p. 50.Archivedfrom the original on December 17, 2023.RetrievedDecember 17,2023– via Newspapers.
  8. ^"Reply comments made in tv channel shifts".Broadcasting.September 28, 1959. p. 115.ProQuest963319274.
  9. ^"FCC rejects proposal—Local TV station is denied permit to use Channel 4".The Birmingham News.Birmingham, Alabama. Associated Press. July 10, 1959. p. 15.Archivedfrom the original on December 17, 2023.RetrievedDecember 17,2023– via Newspapers.
  10. ^"No answer yet on VHF drop-ins".Broadcasting.March 4, 1963. pp. 61–62.ProQuest1014456387.
  11. ^"FCC urged to reconsider drop-ins: Huddleston calls Birmingham VHF 'ill advised'".Broadcasting.April 22, 1963. p. 78.ProQuest1014459790.
  12. ^"Build or quit, 54 uhf permittees are told".Broadcasting.February 22, 1960. pp. 9–10.ProQuest962842128.
  13. ^"FCC deletes 26 uhf construction permits".Broadcasting.November 28, 1960. p. 62.ProQuest962868984.
  14. ^ab"FCC History Cards for WIAT"(PDF).Federal Communications Commission.RetrievedDecember 20,2023.
  15. ^"For the Record".Broadcasting.December 14, 1964. p. 115.ProQuest1014482898.
  16. ^Jordan, Turner (March 11, 1965)."Another TV channel for city approved".The Birmingham News.pp. 1,4.Archivedfrom the original on December 17, 2023.RetrievedDecember 20,2023.
  17. ^"Way Cleared For New TV Station Here: FCC Approves Ownership Change Of UHF Channel".Birmingham Post-Herald.Birmingham, Alabama. March 11, 1965. p. 28.Archivedfrom the original on December 17, 2023.RetrievedDecember 17,2023– via Newspapers.
  18. ^abcWeaver, Emmett (June 24, 1965)."New UHF TV Station Aims At Fall Opening".Birmingham Post-Herald.Birmingham, Alabama. p. 26.Archivedfrom the original on December 17, 2023.RetrievedDecember 17,2023– via Newspapers.
  19. ^abc"Here's Lineup Of Channel 42".Birmingham Post-Herald.Birmingham, Alabama. October 16, 1965. p. Week-Ender 1.Archivedfrom the original on December 17, 2023.RetrievedDecember 17,2023– via Newspapers.
  20. ^Weaver, Emmett (October 19, 1965)."TV Notebook—Channel 42, Color Pep Up Programs".Birmingham Post-Herald.Birmingham, Alabama. p. 6.Archivedfrom the original on December 17, 2023.RetrievedDecember 17,2023– via Newspapers.
  21. ^Weaver, Emmett (January 13, 1966)."TV Notebook—Changes Continue On TV Picture".Birmingham Post-Herald.Birmingham, Alabama. p. 16.Archivedfrom the original on December 19, 2023.RetrievedDecember 17,2023– via Newspapers.
  22. ^"Season Preview—WBMG-TV Gives Viewing Line-Up".Birmingham Post-Herald.Birmingham, Alabama. August 19, 1967. p. 11.Archivedfrom the original on December 17, 2023.RetrievedDecember 17,2023– via Newspapers.
  23. ^"For Channel 42: Higher Tower Ups Coverage".Birmingham Post-Herald.Birmingham, Alabama. August 7, 1969. p. 26.Archivedfrom the original on December 19, 2023.RetrievedDecember 17,2023– via Newspapers.
  24. ^"WHMA-TV Test Pattern Slated For Showing Soon".The Anniston Star.Anniston, Alabama. October 5, 1969. p. 3D.Archivedfrom the original on December 19, 2023.RetrievedDecember 17,2023– via Newspapers.
  25. ^"WHMA-TV Makes Debut On Air Today".The Anniston Star.Anniston, Alabama. October 26, 1969. p. 2A.Archivedfrom the original on December 19, 2023.RetrievedDecember 17,2023– via Newspapers.
  26. ^"WAPI-TV to become full-time NBC-TV".Broadcasting.December 15, 1969. p. 51.ProQuest1014526329.
  27. ^"TV notebook: 13 going all-NBC and 42 to all-CBS".Birmingham Post-Herald.Birmingham, Alabama. May 30, 1970. p. Week-Ender 1.Archivedfrom the original on December 19, 2023.RetrievedDecember 17,2023– via Newspapers.
  28. ^"WHMA Joins CBS Network".The Anniston Star.Anniston, Alabama. March 24, 1970. p. 10.Archivedfrom the original on December 19, 2023.RetrievedDecember 17,2023– via Newspapers.
  29. ^"CBS-TV's New Links".Variety.August 18, 1971. p. 31.ProQuest962913177.
  30. ^"WBMC-TV [sic] opens new facility".Birmingham Post-Herald.Birmingham, Alabama. November 29, 1971. p. 10.Archivedfrom the original on December 19, 2023.RetrievedDecember 19,2023– via Newspapers.
  31. ^"New York firm to buy WBMG-tv for $5.5 million".Birmingham Post-Herald.Birmingham, Alabama. October 18, 1972. p. 1.RetrievedDecember 17,2023– via Newspapers.
  32. ^"WBMG-tv transfer approved".Birmingham Post-Herald.Birmingham, Alabama. June 15, 1973. p. A9.Archivedfrom the original on December 17, 2023.RetrievedDecember 17,2023– via Newspapers.
  33. ^abcHeld, Julie (June 17, 1977). "Third station in three-station town acts like No. 1".The Birmingham News.p. Punch 6.
  34. ^"Big Bad John to team with Young Atlas".Birmingham Post-Herald.Birmingham, Alabama. April 26, 1971. p. 10.Archivedfrom the original on December 19, 2023.RetrievedDecember 19,2023– via Newspapers.
  35. ^"'Sgt. Jack' star dies at hospital ".The Birmingham News.Birmingham, Alabama. July 6, 2002. pp. 11A,12A.Archivedfrom the original on December 19, 2023.RetrievedDecember 19,2023– via Newspapers.
  36. ^Campbell, Carol Ann (August 9, 1986)."Mother Angelica: Five years ago, she put aside the peanuts and started a successful television network".Birmingham Post-Herald.Birmingham, Alabama. p. A3.Archivedfrom the original on December 19, 2023.RetrievedDecember 19,2023– via Newspapers.
  37. ^Carlton, Bob (January 17, 2010). "Fox 6 luminary Bill Bolen to retire".The Birmingham News.p. 2-A.
  38. ^Hargrove, Thomas (April 3, 1981)."WVTM takes late lead, but WBRC early king".Birmingham Post-Herald.Birmingham, Alabama. p. Kudzu 6.Archivedfrom the original on December 19, 2023.RetrievedDecember 19,2023– via Newspapers.
  39. ^"Channel 42 considers different news format".Birmingham Post-Herald.Birmingham, Alabama. February 27, 1982. p. A5.Archivedfrom the original on December 19, 2023.RetrievedDecember 19,2023– via Newspapers.
  40. ^Reeves, Garland (March 12, 1982)."WBMG changes its news format".The Birmingham News.p. 21D.
  41. ^Hodges, Sam (May 18, 1984)."Network programming takes beating in city: Advertising revenue calls the tune when decisions are".Birmingham Post-Herald.Birmingham, Alabama. pp. Kudzu 4,5.Archivedfrom the original on December 20, 2023.RetrievedDecember 20,2023– via Newspapers.
  42. ^"WBMG planning to power up".Birmingham Post-Herald.Birmingham, Alabama. June 14, 1984. p. A8.Archivedfrom the original on December 20, 2023.RetrievedDecember 20,2023– via Newspapers.
  43. ^Fiorella Chandler, Grace (September 10, 1986)."Channel 17 dumps 9 o'clock newscast: Channel 42 to resume local news operation at end of October".Birmingham Post-Herald.Birmingham, Alabama. p. E6.Archivedfrom the original on December 20, 2023.RetrievedDecember 20,2023– via Newspapers.
  44. ^Carpenter, Siona (December 23, 1986)."WBMG readies re-entry into newscast atmosphere".Birmingham Post-Herald.Birmingham, Alabama. p. C6.RetrievedDecember 20,2023– via Newspapers.
  45. ^Mendelson, Mitch (January 9, 1987)."WBMG prepares to sign on with new news program".Birmingham Post-Herald.Birmingham, Alabama. p. Kudzu 6.Archivedfrom the original on December 20, 2023.RetrievedDecember 20,2023– via Newspapers.
  46. ^Keith, Susan (June 20, 1987)."Television stations tote up wins, losses".Birmingham Post-Herald.Birmingham, Alabama. p. B8.Archivedfrom the original on December 20, 2023.RetrievedDecember 20,2023– via Newspapers.
  47. ^Chapman, Michaelle (March 21, 1989)."Channel 13 rated the newscast king of Red Mountain, for now".Birmingham Post-Herald.Birmingham, Alabama. p. C1.Archivedfrom the original on December 20, 2023.RetrievedDecember 20,2023– via Newspapers.
  48. ^Rich, Cherry (June 27, 1990)."WBMG brings on new golden boy: Channel 42 news director has plans to pull station from cellar".Birmingham Post-Herald.Birmingham, Alabama. p. D10.Archivedfrom the original on December 20, 2023.RetrievedDecember 20,2023– via Newspapers.
  49. ^Witt, Elaine (October 1, 1992)."Zoo pact has TV stations snapping".Birmingham Post-Herald.Birmingham, Alabama. pp. C1,C3.Archivedfrom the original on December 20, 2023.RetrievedDecember 20,2023– via Newspapers.
  50. ^"The 'bad' news airs: John Herrod: An underdog with attitude".Birmingham Post-Herald.Birmingham, Alabama. July 26, 1994. pp. D1,D4.Archivedfrom the original on December 20, 2023.RetrievedDecember 20,2023– via Newspapers.
  51. ^Short, Gail (July 1, 1993)."WBRC-6 evening news beats WVTM-13 in ratings".Birmingham Post-Herald.Birmingham, Alabama. p. C2.Archivedfrom the original on December 20, 2023.RetrievedDecember 20,2023– via Newspapers.
  52. ^Harvey, Alec (March 31, 1995). "Researchers claim Channel 42 offers more local coverage".The Birmingham News.p. 3F.
  53. ^"Park Communications names Byrd to board".Richmond Times-Dispatch.Richmond, Virginia. UPI. September 28, 1983. p. A-9.RetrievedJune 26,2024– via Newspapers.
  54. ^Rynecki, David (October 27, 1994)."RSA backs big TV deal: WBMG parent firm is sold".Birmingham Post-Herald.Birmingham, Alabama. pp. A1,A9.Archivedfrom the original on December 20, 2023.RetrievedDecember 20,2023– via Newspapers.
  55. ^Patterson, Nick (June 3, 1996)."WBMG mainstreams news: Facilities, coverage expanding".Birmingham Post-Herald.Birmingham, Alabama. pp. B1,B4.Archivedfrom the original on December 20, 2023.RetrievedDecember 20,2023– via Newspapers.
  56. ^Graham, Jed (September 20, 1995)."Fox's hunting changes plans".Birmingham Post-Herald.Birmingham, Alabama. pp. A1,A8.Archivedfrom the original on December 20, 2023.RetrievedDecember 20,2023– via Newspapers.
  57. ^Tomberlin, Michael (August 14, 1995). "ABC poised to scramble local TV affiliations".Birmingham Business Journal.p. 1.
  58. ^Graham, Jed (October 12, 1995)."WBMG-42 will stay an affiliate of CBS".Birmingham Post-Herald.Birmingham, Alabama. p. B4.Archivedfrom the original on December 20, 2023.RetrievedDecember 20,2023– via Newspapers.
  59. ^Joynt, Steve (July 12, 1996)."Spann gets hot; TV future cloudy".Birmingham Post-Herald.Birmingham, Alabama. pp. B1–B2.Archivedfrom the original on December 20, 2023.RetrievedMay 6,2023– via Newspapers.
  60. ^Joynt, Steve (December 28, 1996)."Year of visions, sights: The top 10 events had us cheering or groaning".Birmingham Post-Herald.Birmingham, Alabama. pp.C1,C3.Archivedfrom the original on December 20, 2023.RetrievedMay 6,2023– via Newspapers.
  61. ^ab"Switching channels: Changes still have television market in turmoil".Birmingham Post-Herald.Birmingham, Alabama. August 8, 1997. pp. A1,A9.Archivedfrom the original on December 20, 2023.RetrievedDecember 20,2023– via Newspapers.
  62. ^Brodesser, Claude (September 1, 1997). "Nielsen mulling expansion of market".Mediaweek.pp. 14–15.ProQuest213626577.
  63. ^Lafayette, Jon (December 18, 1997)."Birmingham's WBMG-TV cleans house with news staff".Electronic Media.p. 2.
  64. ^Graham, Jed (July 23, 1996)."Media General plans to buy WBMG-42".Birmingham Post-Herald.Birmingham, Alabama. p. F1.Archivedfrom the original on December 20, 2023.RetrievedDecember 20,2023– via Newspapers.
  65. ^Hetzner, Amy (March 26, 1997)."New broom sweeps GM at WBMG".Birmingham Post-Herald.Birmingham, Alabama. p. B3.Archivedfrom the original on December 20, 2023.RetrievedDecember 20,2023– via Newspapers.
  66. ^Coe, Richard (April 5, 1997)."Viewers to get another choice of local news".The Anniston Star.Anniston, Alabama. pp. 1A,2A.RetrievedDecember 20,2023– via Newspapers.
  67. ^Estes, Cary (May 22, 1997)."UAB tells WBMG bye: 16-year marriage ends".Birmingham Post-Herald.Birmingham, Alabama. p. A1.RetrievedDecember 20,2023– via Newspapers.
  68. ^Kwon, Wade (May 23, 1997)."New newscasters litter TV landscape".Birmingham Post-Herald.Birmingham, Alabama. pp. B8,B4.RetrievedDecember 20,2023– via Newspapers.
  69. ^abMalone, Michael (October 1, 2012)."High-Flying Gannett Exec Lands on His Feet".Broadcasting Cable.Archivedfrom the original on August 13, 2022.RetrievedAugust 13,2022.
  70. ^Rupinski, Patrick (November 11, 1997)."Another manager at WBMG-42 leaves".Birmingham Post-Herald.Birmingham, Alabama. p. D1.Archivedfrom the original on December 20, 2023.RetrievedDecember 20,2023– via Newspapers.
  71. ^abcRogers, Patrick; Durocher, Debra (April 1998)."From Birmingham to the World—in a Minute".American Journalism Review.Philip Merrill College of Journalism.Archivedfrom the original on December 22, 2015.RetrievedDecember 10,2015.
  72. ^Rupinski, Patrick (December 12, 1997)."Snowy picture for WBMG-42: Struggling station fires roster of newscasters".Birmingham Post-Herald.Birmingham, Alabama. pp. C10,C8.Archivedfrom the original on December 20, 2023.RetrievedDecember 20,2023– via Newspapers.
  73. ^Archibald, John (December 12, 1997). "Channel 42 fires all on-air staff".The Birmingham News.pp. 1A, 11A.
  74. ^Hubbard, Russell (December 31, 1997). "Time for change: Countdown clock subs for 42 news".The Birmingham News.pp. 1A, 7A.
  75. ^"Tuning into the future? A Birmingham station pulls the plug on its entire news department".The Times-Picayune.January 7, 1998. p. E1.
  76. ^Lafayette, Jon (February 9, 1998)."Alabama CBS affiliate tries spartan newscast".Electronic Media.p. 49.
  77. ^James, Carrie (June 12, 1998)."TV news team gets two new members".Birmingham Post-Herald.Birmingham, Alabama. p. D1.Archivedfrom the original on December 20, 2023.RetrievedDecember 20,2023– via Newspapers.
  78. ^"Call sign history for WIAT".Consolidated Database System.Federal Communications Commission.
  79. ^Powell, Darin (February 6, 1998)."New 42 has slick, quick newscast".Birmingham Post-Herald.Birmingham, Alabama. pp. B1,B2.Archivedfrom the original on December 20, 2023.RetrievedDecember 20,2023– via Newspapers.
  80. ^Joynt, Steve (January 31, 1998)."Post-Herald columnist Finebaum adds WBMG anchor post to duties".Birmingham Post-Herald.Birmingham, Alabama. pp. E1,E2.Archivedfrom the original on December 20, 2023.RetrievedDecember 20,2023– via Newspapers.
  81. ^Wine, Elizabeth (December 30, 1997)."Anchorwoman, Sherri Jackson joins WBMG-42".Birmingham Post-Herald.Birmingham, Alabama. p. D1.Archivedfrom the original on December 20, 2023.RetrievedDecember 20,2023– via Newspapers.
  82. ^abLafayette, Jon (February 16, 1998)."News guru whacks WIAT-TV".Electronic Media.pp. 32–33.
  83. ^Lafayette, Jon (April 6, 1998)."Birmingham newscast gains from re-start".Electronic Media.p. 4.
  84. ^Powell, Darin (April 23, 1998)."Some good news for fledgling WIAT-42".Birmingham Post-Herald.Birmingham, Alabama. pp. A1,A3.Archivedfrom the original on December 20, 2023.RetrievedDecember 20,2023– via Newspapers.
  85. ^Lafayette, Jon (November 9, 1998)."CBS affiliate's ratings grow by meters".Electronic Media.pp. 3–4.
  86. ^Powell, Darin (March 11, 1999)."WIAT's redesigned news attracts viewers".Birmingham Post-Herald.Birmingham, Alabama. pp. A1,A6.Archivedfrom the original on December 20, 2023.RetrievedDecember 20,2023– via Newspapers.
  87. ^Tomberlin, Michael; Sanford, Peggy (May 21, 1999). "Ex-workers accuse WIAT of race bias".The Birmingham News.pp. 1C, 6C.
  88. ^Tomberlin, Michael (June 22, 2001). "WIAT ex-employees lose racial bias suit".The Birmingham News.p. 1D.
  89. ^Stephens, Tim (July 3, 1997)."Staying on course: WBMG's Bell aims at national exposure".Birmingham Post-Herald.Birmingham, Alabama. pp. B1,B2.Archivedfrom the original on December 20, 2023.RetrievedDecember 20,2023– via Newspapers.
  90. ^Nicholson, Gilbert (April 12, 1999)."Legal woes plague CBS42".Birmingham Business Journal.Archivedfrom the original on June 17, 2004.RetrievedDecember 10,2015.
  91. ^"WIAT to put Fines on tube: Morning show to air from radio studio".The Birmingham News.September 21, 2000. p. 1D.
  92. ^Clemow, Robin (September 1, 2001)."Vying for viewers: After '96 switch, TV market more competitive than ever".Birmingham Post-Herald.Birmingham, Alabama. p. C1.Archivedfrom the original on December 20, 2023.RetrievedDecember 20,2023– via Newspapers.
  93. ^Belcher, Walt (July 12, 2001)."WFLA, Channel 8, welcomes new general manager".The Tampa Tribune.Tampa, Florida. p. Business and Finance 2.Archivedfrom the original on December 20, 2023.RetrievedDecember 20,2023– via Newspapers.
  94. ^Tomberlin, Michael (April 10, 2002). "Finebaum gives up sports gig on WIAT".The Birmingham News.p. 7-D.
  95. ^"WIAT-DT".Television & Cable Factbook.2006. p. A-26.
  96. ^"WIAT-42 still lags in viewers: Station's fast-paced format lacks familiar personalities".Birmingham Post-Herald.Birmingham, Alabama. May 10, 2003. pp. C1,C3.Archivedfrom the original on December 20, 2023.RetrievedDecember 20,2023– via Newspapers.
  97. ^Carlton, Bob (September 2, 2005). "CBS 42 takes over WB 21's newscast".The Birmingham News.p. 4C.
  98. ^Carlton, Bob (April 7, 2006). "NBC 13 bought; CBS 42 for sale: Media General deal covers other stations".The Birmingham News.p. 1B.
  99. ^abMalone, Michael (June 22, 2007)."Sweet Home Alabama".Broadcasting & Cable.Archivedfrom the original on September 22, 2021.RetrievedDecember 20,2023.
  100. ^"Media General to Buy NBC Affiliates for $600 Million".The New York Times.April 6, 2006.Archivedfrom the original on September 11, 2017.RetrievedMarch 5,2017.
  101. ^"Media General buying WVTM-NBC13, selling WIAT-CBS".Birmingham Business Journal.April 6, 2006.Archivedfrom the original on September 12, 2017.RetrievedDecember 12,2015.
  102. ^"Media General Completes Sale of Iowa, Alabama Stations to New Vision".Media General(Press release). June 26, 2006. Archived fromthe originalon September 10, 2012.RetrievedSeptember 10,2012.
  103. ^Malone, Michael (February 2, 2009). "Station Cooperation".Broadcasting & Cable.ProQuest225345712.
  104. ^abCarlton, Bob (October 14, 2013). "CBS 42 executive Bill Ballard is out after station's owner elects not to renew his contract".The Birmingham News.
  105. ^DeButts, Jimmy (September 7, 2008)."Sportscaster Winches sues Channel 42 over contract".Birmingham Business Journal.Archivedfrom the original on May 29, 2015.RetrievedDecember 20,2023.
  106. ^Carlton, Bob (May 11, 2015). "Birmingham sportscaster Jim Dunaway moves to the news desk at CBS 42".The Birmingham News.
  107. ^DeButts, Jimmy (September 30, 2008). "Weatherman David Neal returns to TV on CBS 42".Birmingham Business Journal.
  108. ^Malone, Michael (May 7, 2012)."LIN Acquiring New Vision Stations for $330 Million".Broadcasting & Cable.Archivedfrom the original on October 2, 2013.RetrievedMay 7,2012.
  109. ^"Media General, LIN Sell Stations In 5 Markets".TVNewsCheck.August 20, 2014.Archivedfrom the original on August 21, 2014.RetrievedAugust 20,2014.
  110. ^Malone, Michael (August 20, 2014)."Media General, LIN Divest Stations in Five Markets".Broadcasting & Cable.Archivedfrom the original on August 21, 2014.RetrievedAugust 20,2014.
  111. ^"Media General Completes Merger With LIN Media"(Press release).Media General.December 19, 2014. Archived fromthe originalon December 19, 2014.RetrievedDecember 19,2014.
  112. ^Littleton, Cynthia (September 8, 2015)."TV Station Mega Merger: Media General Sets $2.4 Billion Acquisition of Meredith Corp".Variety.Archivedfrom the original on September 9, 2015.RetrievedSeptember 9,2015.
  113. ^Patane, Matthew (October 8, 2015)."Meredith, Media General stand by deal despite report".The Des Moines Register.RetrievedOctober 8,2015.
  114. ^Picker, Leslie (January 27, 2016)."Nexstar Clinches Deal to Acquire Media General".The New York Times.Archivedfrom the original on October 9, 2016.RetrievedJanuary 27,2016.
  115. ^Gray, Jeremy (April 12, 2018). "Mark Prater, CBS 42 chief meteorologist, no longer with station".The Birmingham News.
  116. ^Robinson, Carol (August 30, 2019)."Meteorologist Mark Prater pleads guilty to misdemeanor".AL.Archivedfrom the original on November 7, 2020.RetrievedDecember 20,2023.
  117. ^Carlton, Bob (May 11, 2015). "Birmingham sportscaster Jim Dunaway moves to the news desk at CBS 42".The Birmingham News.
  118. ^Gray, Jeremy (May 23, 2018). "Jim Dunaway leaving CBS 42 anchor desk on Wednesday".The Birmingham News.
  119. ^"Veteran newscaster back in Birmingham".The Birmingham News.January 27, 2016. p. A2.
  120. ^O'Leary, A.J. (March 16, 2022)."Broadcast journalist, entrepreneur to leave CBS 42, focusing on new business venture".Birmingham Business Journal.Archivedfrom the original on March 16, 2022.RetrievedDecember 20,2023.
  121. ^"Moving to CNN".Birmingham Post-Herald.Birmingham, Alabama. May 27, 1993. p. B1.RetrievedDecember 20,2023– via Newspapers.
  122. ^"Teen killer holds up his life as bad example to follow".Birmingham Post-Herald.Birmingham, Alabama. May 20, 1988. p. C1.RetrievedDecember 20,2023– via Newspapers.
  123. ^Allen, Scott (February 22, 2019)."Alex Chappell will make her MASN debut as Nats' on-field reporter Saturday".The Washington Post.Archivedfrom the original on March 2, 2019.RetrievedDecember 20,2023.
  124. ^"Henry To Serve New Church".The Daily Times.Portsmouth, Ohio. June 29, 1984. p. 8.Archivedfrom the original on December 20, 2023.RetrievedDecember 20,2023.
  125. ^"RabbitEars TV Query for WIAT".RabbitEars.Archivedfrom the original on December 22, 2015.RetrievedDecember 12,2015.
  126. ^Keys, Matthew (June 28, 2024)."Scripps replacing Defy TV with Ion Plus on broadcast TV".TheDesk.net.RetrievedJune 28,2024.
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=WIAT&oldid=1233732813"