Help:IPA

For help installing IPA-compatible fonts, seeHelp:Special characters § IPA symbols.

For a basic introduction to using IPA written for English readers, seeHelp:IPA/Introduction.

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The latest official IPA chart, revised in 2020

Here is a basic key to the symbols of theInternational Phonetic Alphabet.For the smaller set of symbols that is sufficient for English, seeHelp:IPA/English.Several rare IPA symbols are not included; these are found in themain IPA articleor on theextensive IPA chart.For the Manual of Style guideline for pronunciation, seeWikipedia:Manual of Style/Pronunciation.

For each IPA symbol, an English example is given where possible; here "RP" stands forReceived Pronunciation.The foreign languages that are used to illustrate additional sounds are primarily the ones most likely to be familiar to English speakers:French,Standard GermanandSpanish.For symbols not covered by those, recourse is taken to the populous languagesStandard Chinese,Hindustani,ArabicandRussian.For sounds still not covered, other well-analyzed languages are used, such asSwahili,ZuluandTurkish.

The left-hand column displays the individual symbols in square brackets ([a]). Click on "listen" to hear the sound; click on the symbol itself for a dedicated article with a more complete description and examples from multiple languages. Consonant sounds are spoken once followed by a vowel and once between vowels.

If the characters do not display, you may need to install a supporting font. Free fonts with good IPA support includeGentiumPlus (serif) andAndika(sans-serif).

Main symbols

The symbols are arranged by similarity to letters of theLatin Alpha bet.Symbols which do not resemble any Latin letter are placed at the end, the others section.

Symbol	Examples	Description
^ top A
[a]	Modern RP cat, GermanMann,Frenchgare	The RP vowel is often transcribed with ⟨æ⟩ for historical reasons. For many English speakers, the first part of theowsound incow.
[ä]	Mandarin hắntā,American Englishfather,Spanishcasa,Frenchpatte
[ɐ]	RPcut,GermanKaiserslautern	(In transcriptions of English,[ɐ]is usually written ⟨ʌ⟩.)
[ɑ]	RPfather,Frenchpâte,Dutchbad
[ɑ̃]	FrenchCaen,sans,temps	Nasalized[ɑ].
[ɒ]	Canadian Englishlot,Persianف‍‍ارسی/fârsi	Like[ɑ],but with the lips slightly rounded.
[ʌ]	American Englishcut	Like[ɔ],but without the lips being rounded. (When ⟨ʌ⟩ is used for English, it may really be[ɐ]or[ɜ].)
[æ]	GAcat
^ top B
[b]	Englishbabble
[ɓ]	Swahilibwana	Like a[b]said with a gulp. Seeimplosive consonants.
[β]	SpanishlaBamba,Kinyarwandaabana"children", Korean 무궁화 [muɡuŋβwa̠]mugunghwa	Like[b],but with the lips not quite closed.
[ʙ]	Niassimbi[siʙi] "lower jaw"	Sputtering.
^ top C
[c]	Turkishkebap"kebab",Czech stín "shadow", Greekκαι"and"	Between Englishtune(RP) andcute.Sometimes used instead for[tʃ]in languages like Hindi.
[ç]	GermanIch	More of a [j]-coloration (more palatal) than[x].Some English speakers have a similar sound inhuge.This sound can be produced by whispering loudly the word "ye" as in "Hear ye!".
[ɕ]	Mandarin Tây AnXi'an,Polishściana	More [j]-like than[ʃ];something like Englishshe.
[ɔ]	see underO
^ top D
[d]	Englishdad
[ɗ]	SwahiliDodoma	Like[d]said with a gulp.
[ɖ]	American Englishharder	Like[d]with the tongue curled or pulled back.
[ð]	Englishthe, bathe
[dz]	Englishadds,Italianzero
[dʒ]	Englishjudge
[dʑ]	Polishniedźwiedź"bear"	Like[dʒ],but with more of a [j]-sound.
[dʐ]	Polishdżem"jam"	Like[dʒ]with the tongue curled or pulled back.
^ top E
[e]	Scottish Englishday,Australian Englishbet,Spanishfe;Frenchclé,GermanKlee	Similar to American Englishhey,before the y sets in.
[ɘ]	Australian Englishbird
[ə]	Englishabove,Hindi अब[əb](ab)"now"
[ɚ]	American Englishrunner
[ɛ]	British, Irish, North American Englishbet,New Zealand Englishbat
[ɛ̃]	FrenchSaint-Étienne,vin,main	Nasalized[ɛ].
[ɜ]	RPbird(long)
[ɝ]	American Englishbird
^ top F
[f]	Englishfun
[ɟ]	see underJ
[ʄ]	see underJ
^ top G
[ɡ]	Englishgag	(Should look like.No different from a Latin "g" )
[ɠ]	SwahiliUganda	Like[ɡ]said with a gulp.
[ɢ]		Like[ɡ],but further back, in the throat. Found inPersianand some Arabic dialects for/q/,as inMuammar Gaddafi.
[ʒ]	see underZ	Englishbeige.
^ top H
[h]	American Englishhouse
[ɦ]	Englishahead,when said quickly.
[ʰ]		The extra puff of air in Englishtop[tʰɒp]compared tostop[stɒp], or to French or Spanish[t].
[ħ]	Arabic ‏مُحَمَّد‎Muhammad	Far down in the throat, like[h],but stronger.
[ʜ]	Iraqi Arabicحَي[ʜaj] "alive"	Corresponds to /ħ/ (ح) in Standard Arabic.
[ɥ]	see underY
[ɮ]	see underL
^ top I
[i]	Englishsea,Frenchville,SpanishValladolid
[ɪ]	British, Irish, North American Englishsit,New Zealand Englishset
[ɨ]	Russian ты"you"	Often used for unstressed Englishroses.
^ top J
[j]	Englishyes, hallelujah,GermanJunge
[ʲ]	In RussianЛенин[ˈlʲenʲɪn]	Indicates a sound is more [j]-like.
[ʝ]	Spanishcayo(some dialects)	Like[j],but stronger.
[ɟ]	Turkishgör"see", Czechdíra "hole"	Between Englishdew(RP) andargue.Sometimes used instead for[dʒ]in languages like Hindi.
[ʄ]	Swahilijambo	Like[ɟ]said with a gulp.
^ top K
[k]	Englishkick,skip
^ top L
[l]	Englishleaf
[ɫ]	Englishwool Russian малый[ˈmɑɫɨj]"small"	"Dark" el.
[ɬ]	Welshllwyd[ɬʊɪd]"grey" Zuluhlala[ɬaːla]"sit"	By touching the roof of mouth with the tongue and giving a quick breath out. Found inWelshplacenames likeLlangollenandLlanelliandNelson Mandela's Xhosa nameRolihlahla.
[ɭ]		Like[l]with the tongue curled or pulled back.
[ɺ]		A flapped[l],like[l]and[ɾ]said together.
[ɮ]	Zuludla"eat"	Rather like[l]and[ʒ],or[l]and[ð],said together.
[ʟ]
^ top M
[m]	Englishmime
[ɱ]	Englishsymphony	Like[m],but the lips touch the teeth as they do in[f].
[ɯ]	see underW
[ʍ]	see underW
^ top N
[n]	Englishnun
[ŋ]	Englishsing,Māoringa
[ɲ]	SpanishPeña,Frenchchampagne	Rather like Englishcanyon(/nj/said quickly).
[ɳ]	Hindi वरुण[ʋəruɳ]Varuna	Like[n]with the tongue curled or pulled back.
[ɴ]	Castilian SpanishDonJuan[doɴˈχwan]	Like[ŋ],but further back, in the throat.
^ top O
[o]	Modern RP, Australian and New Zealand Englishcaught(long) Spanishno,Frencheau,GermanBoden	Somewhat reminiscent of American Englishno.The RP vowel is usually transcribed with ⟨ɔː⟩ for historical reasons.
[ɔ]	Modern RP, Australian and New Zealand Englishcot GermanOldenburg,FrenchGaronne	The RP vowel is usually transcribed with ⟨ɒ⟩ for historical reasons.
[ɔ̃]	FrenchLyon,son	Nasalized[ɔ].
[ø]	New Zealand Englishnurse,Frenchfeu,bœufs,GermanGoethe	Like[e],but with the lips rounded like[o].
[ɵ]	Modern RPfoot,Dutchhut,Frenchje,Swedishdum	Halfway between[o]and[ø].Similar to[ʊ]but with the tongue slightly more down and front. The RP vowel is typically transcribed with ⟨ʊ⟩, the Dutch vowel is often transcribed with ⟨ʏ⟩ or ⟨œ⟩, whereas the French vowel is typically transcribed with ⟨ə⟩.
[œ]	Frenchbœuf,seul,GermanGöttingen	Like[ɛ],but with the lips rounded like[ɔ].
[œ̃]	Frenchbrun,parfum	Nasalized[œ].
[ɶ]
[θ]	see underOthers
[ɸ]	see underOthers
^ top P
[p]	Englishpip
^ top Q
[q]	Arabic ‏قُرْآن‎Qur’ān	Like[k],but further back, in the throat.
^ top R
[r]	Spanishperro,Scottish Englishborrow	"Rolled R". (Often used for other rhotics, such as English[ɹ],when there's no ambiguity.)
[ɾ]	Spanishpero,Tagalogdaliri,Malaykabar,American Englishkitty/kiddie	"Tapped" R ".
[ʀ]	Dutchroodand Germanrot(some speakers)	A trill in the back of the throat. Found for /r/ in some conservative registers of French.
[ɽ]	Urduساڑی[saːɽiː]"saree"	Like flapped[ɾ],but with the tongue curled back.
[ɹ]	most accents of Englishborrow
[ɻ]	Tamil புழுPuḻu"Worm", Mandarin Nhân Dân Nhật BáoRénmínRìbào"People's Daily", American Englishborrow, butter	Like[ɹ],but with the tongue curled or pulled back, as pronounced by many English speakers.
[ʁ]	FrenchParis,GermanRiemann (some dialects)	Said back in the throat, but not trilled.
^ top S
[s]	Englishsass
[ʃ]	Englishshoe
[ʂ]	Mandarin Thiếu Lâm(Shàolín),Russian Пушкин(Pushkin)	Acoustically similar to[ʃ],but with the tongue curled or pulled back.
^ top T
[t]	Englishtot,stop
[ʈ]	Hindi टमाटर[ʈəmaːʈəɾ](ṭamāṭar)"tomato"	Like[t],but with the tongue curled or pulled back.
[ts]	Englishcats,Russianцарьtsar
[tʃ]	Englishchurch
[tɕ]	Mandarin Bắc Kinh Běijīng (), Polishciebie"you"	Like[tʃ],but with more of a [j]-sound.
[tʂ]	Mandarin chân chínhzhēnzhèng,Polishczas	Like[tʃ]with the tongue curled or pulled back.
^ top U
[u]	American Englishfood,Frenchvous"you", GermanSchumacher
[ʊ]	American Englishfoot,GermanBundesrepublik
[ʉ]	Modern RP, Australian Englishfood(long)	Like[ɨ],but with the lips rounded as for[u].
[ɥ]	see underY
[ɯ]	see underW
^ top V
[v]	Englishverve
[ʋ]	Hindi वरुण[ʋəɾʊɳə]"Varuna"	Between[v]and[w].Used by some Germans and Russians forv/w,and by some speakers of British English forr.
[ɤ]	see underY
[ɣ]	see underY
[ʌ]	see underA
^ top W
[w]	Englishwow
[ʷ]		Indicates a sound has lip rounding, as in Englishrain
[ʍ]	what(some dialects)	like[h]and[w]said together
[ɯ]	Turkishkayık"caïque",Scottish Gaelicgaol	Like[u],but with the lips flat; something like[ʊ].
[ɰ]	Spanishagua	Like [w], but with the lips flat.
^ top X
[x]	Scottish Englishloch,GermanBach,Russianхлеб[xlʲep]"bread", Spanishjoven	between[k]and[h]
[χ]	northern Standard DutchScheveningen,Castilian SpanishDonJuan[doɴˈχwan]	Like[x],but further back, in the throat. Some German and Arabic speakers have[χ]for[x].
^ top Y
[y]	Frenchrue,GermanBülow	Like[i],but with the lips rounded as for[u].
[ʏ]	Scottish Englishfoot,GermanDüsseldorf	Like[ɪ],but with the lips rounded as for[ʊ].
[ɣ]	Arabic ‏غَالِي‎ghālīand Swahilighali"expensive", Spanishsuegro	Sounds rather like French[ʁ]or between[ɡ]and[h].
[ɤ]	Mandarin Hà NamHénán,Scottish Gaelictaigh	Like[o]but without the lips rounded, something like a cross of[ʊ]and[ʌ].
[ʎ]	Italiantagliatelle,Portuguesemulher	Like[l],but more [j]-like. Rather like Englishvolume.
[ɥ]	Frenchlui	Like[j]and[w]said together.
^ top Z
[z]	Englishzoo
[ʒ]	Englishvision,Frenchjournal
[ʑ]	old-styled Russian позже[ˈpoʑːe]"later", Polishźle	More [j]-like than[ʒ],something likebeigey.
[ʐ]	Russianжир "fat"	Like[ʒ]with the tongue curled or pulled back.
[ɮ]	see underL
^ top Others
[θ]	Englishthigh, bath
[ɸ]	Japanese phú sĩ[ɸɯdʑi]Fuji,Māori[ˌɸaːɾeːˈnuiː]wharenui	Like[p],but with the lips not quite touching
[ʔ]	Englishuh-oh, Hawai‘i,Germandie Angst	The 'glottal stop', a catch in the breath. For some people, found inbutton[ˈbʌʔn̩],or between vowels across words:Deus ex machina[ˌdeɪəsˌʔɛksˈmɑːkɪnə];in some nonstandard dialects, ina apple[əˈʔæpl̩].
[ʕ]	Arabic ‏عَرَبِيّ‎ʻarabī"Arabic"	A light, voiced sound deep in the throat, articulated with the root of the tongue against the pharynx (back of the throat).
[ǀ]	Englishtsk-tsk!ortut-tut!,Zuluicici"earring"	(The English click used for disapproval.) Several distinct sounds, written as digraphs, including[kǀ],[ɡǀ],[ŋǀ].The Zimbabwean MPNcubehas this click in his name, as didCetshwayo.
[ǁ]	Englishtchick! tchick!,Zuluixoxo"frog"	(The English click used to urge on a horse.) Several distinct sounds, written as digraphs, including[kǁ],[ɡǁ],[ŋǁ].Found in the name of theXhosa.
[ǃ]	Zuluiqaqa"polecat"	(The English click used to imitate the trotting of a horse.) A hollow popping sound, like a cork pulled from a bottle. Several distinct sounds, written as digraphs, including[kǃ],[ɡǃ],[ŋǃ].
[ʘ]	ǂ’Amkoeʘoa"two"	Like a kissing sound.
[ǂ]	Khoekhoeǂgā-amǃnâ[ǂàʔám̀ᵑǃã̀] "to put in the mouth"	Like an imitation of a chewing sound.

Marks added to letters

Several marks can be added above, below, before or after letters. These are here shown on a carrier letter such as the vowela.A more complete list is given atInternational Phonetic Alphabet § Diacritics and prosodic notation.

Symbol	Example	Description
Signs above a letter
[ã]	Frenchvinblanc[vɛ̃blɑ̃]"white wine"	Anasalvowel, as with a Texas twang
[ä]	Portuguesevá[vä]"go"	Acentral vowelpronounced with the tongue position in the middle of the mouth; neither forward nor back
[ă]	Englishpolice[pə̆ˈliˑs]	Anextra-shortspeech sound (usually a vowel)
Signs below a letter
[a̯]	Englishcow[kʰaʊ̯],koi[kʰɔɪ̯]	This vowel does not form a syllable of its own, but runs into the vowel next to it. (In English, the diacritic is generally left off:[kaʊ].)
[n̥]	Englishboy[b̥ɔɪ̯],doe[d̥oʊ̯] (see also)	Sounds like a loud whisper;[n̥]is like a whispered breath through the nose.[l̥]is found in TibetanLhasa.
[n̩]	Englishbutton	A consonant without a vowel (English[n̩]is often transcribed/ən/.)
[d̪]	Spanishdos,Frenchdeux	The tongue touches the teeth more than it does in English.
Signs next to a letter
[kʰ]	Englishcome	Aspirated consonant, pronounced with a puff of air. Similarly[tʰpʰtsʰtʃʰtɕʰ].
[k’]	Zuluukuza"come"	Ejective. Like a popped[k],pushed from the throat. Similarly[tʼpʼqʼtʃʼtsʼtɬʼ].
[aː]	Englishshh![ʃː]	Long. Often used with English vowels or diphthongs:Mayo/ˈmeːoː/for[ˈmeɪ̯ɜʊ̯],etc.
[aˑ]	RPcaught[ˈkʰoˑt]	Semi-long. (Although the vowel is different, this is also longer thancot[ˈkʰɔt].)
[ˈa]	pronunciation [pɹ̥əʊ̯ˌnɐnsiˈeɪʃn̩]	Main stress. The mark denotes the stress of thefollowingsyllable.
[ˌa]		Weaker stress. The mark denotes the stress of thefollowingsyllable.
[.]	Englishcourtship[ˈkʰɔrt.ʃɪp]	Syllablebreak (this is often redundant and therefore left off)

Brackets

Two types of brackets are commonly used to enclose transcriptions in the IPA:

• /Slashes/ indicate sounds that are distinguished as the basic units of words in a language by native speakers; these are calledphonemes.Changing the symbols between these slashes would either change the identity of the word or produce nonsense. For example, since there is no meaningful difference to a native speaker between the two sounds written with the letter L in the wordlulls,they are considered the same phoneme, and so, using slashes, they are given the same symbol in IPA:/ˈlʌlz/.Similarly, Spanishla bambais transcribed phonemically with two instances of the samebsound,/laˈbamba/,despite the fact that they sound different to a speaker of English. Thus a reader who is not familiar with the language in question might not know how to interpret these transcriptions more narrowly.
• [Square brackets] indicate the narrower or more detailedphoneticqualities of a pronunciation, not taking into account the norms of the language to which it belongs; therefore, such transcriptions do not regard whether subtly different sounds in the pronunciation are actually noticeable or distinguishable to a native speaker of the language. Within square brackets is what a foreigner who does not know the structure of a language might hear as discrete units of sound. For instance, the English wordlullsmay be pronounced in a particular dialect more specifically as[ˈlɐɫz],with different L sounds at the beginning and end. This may be obvious to speakers of languages that differentiate between the sounds[l]and[ɫ].Likewise, Spanishla bamba(pronounced without a pause) has two different B sounds to the ears of foreigners or linguists—[laˈβamba]—though a native Spanish speaker might not be able to hear it. Omitting or adding such detail does not make a difference to the identity of the word, but helps to give a more precise pronunciation.
• ⫽Double slashes⫽ indicatediaphonemes.For example, some speakers pronounceduneas/djuːn/with a distinct/j/,others/duːn/as if spelleddoon,and even others/dʒuːn/likeJune.This is predictable where the historical pronunciation is/dj/preceded by/uː/—the second group of speakers invariably drop the/j/,and the third group invariably turn it into/dʒ/—and it can be cumbersome to write down all three possibilities every time such a sequence is found. So the diaphonemic notation⫽dj⫽serves as a shorthand for "/dj/for traditional speakers,/d/for those who drop/j/between historical/d/and/uː/,and/dʒ/for those who turn it into/dʒ/in such a context ".

A fourth kind of bracket is occasionally seen:

• |Pipes| (or occasionally other conventions) show that the enclosed sounds are theoretical constructs that are not actually heard. (This is part ofmorphophonology.) For instance, most phonologists argue that the-sat the ends of verbs, which surfaces as either/s/intalks/tɔːks/or as/z/inlulls/lʌlz/,has a single underlying form. If they decide this form is ans,they would write it|s|to claim that phonemic/tɔːks/and/lʌlz/are essentially|tɔːks|and|lʌls|underneath. If they were to decide it was essentially the latter,|z|,they would transcribe these words|tɔːkz|and|lʌlz|.

Lastly,

• ⟨Angle brackets⟩are used to set offorthography,as well astransliterationfrom non-Latin scripts. Thus⟨lulls⟩,⟨la bamba⟩,the letter⟨a⟩.Angle brackets are not supported by all fonts, so a template{{angle bracket}}(shortcut{{angbr}}) is used to ensure maximal compatibility. (Comment there if you are having problems.)

Rendering issues

IPAtypefacesupport is increasing, and is now included in several typefaces such as theTimes New Romanversions that come with various recent computeroperating systems.Diacriticsare not always properly rendered, however. IPA typefaces that are freely available online includeGentium,several from theSIL(such asCharis SIL,andDoulos SIL),Dehuti,DejaVu Sans,andTITUS Cyberbit,which are allfreely available;as well as commercial typefaces such as Brill, available fromBrill Publishers,andLucida Sans UnicodeandArial Unicode MS,shipping with variousMicrosoftproducts. These all include several ranges of characters in addition to the IPA. ModernWeb browsersgenerally do not need any configuration to display these symbols, provided that a typeface capable of doing so is available to the operating system.

Particularly, the following symbols may be shown improperly depending on your font:

Symbol	IPA/Unicode values	Correct	Incorrect	Affected fonts	Test	Notes
ɧ	Sj-sound U+0267ɧLATIN SMALL LETTER HENG WITH HOOK			Helveticaon Apple devices	Test Arial:ɧ Calibri:ɧ Cambria:ɧ Charis SIL:ɧ Courier New:ɧ DejaVu Sans:ɧ Doulos SIL:ɧ Futura:ɧ Garamond:ɧ Gentium:ɧ Georgia:ɧ Gill Sans:ɧ Helvetica:ɧ Lato:ɧ Liberation Sans:ɧ Linux Libertine:ɧ Lucida Grande:ɧ Lucida Sans Unicode:ɧ Noto Sans:ɧ Open Sans:ɧ Palatino:ɧ Roboto:ɧ Segoe UI:ɧ Tahoma:ɧ Times New Roman:ɧ Trebuchet MS:ɧ Verdana:ɧ (System):ɧ
ɪ	Near-close near-front unrounded vowel U+026AɪLATIN LETTER SMALL CAPITAL I			Some sans-serif fonts	Test Arial:ɪ Calibri:ɪ Cambria:ɪ Charis SIL:ɪ Courier New:ɪ DejaVu Sans:ɪ Doulos SIL:ɪ Futura:ɪ Garamond:ɪ Gentium:ɪ Georgia:ɪ Gill Sans:ɪ Helvetica:ɪ Lato:ɪ Liberation Sans:ɪ Linux Libertine:ɪ Lucida Grande:ɪ Lucida Sans Unicode:ɪ Noto Sans:ɪ Open Sans:ɪ Palatino:ɪ Roboto:ɪ Segoe UI:ɪ Tahoma:ɪ Times New Roman:ɪ Trebuchet MS:ɪ Verdana:ɪ (System):ɪ	Largely fixed sinceexplicitly proscribedin Unicode 10.0 (2017).
ɶ	Open front rounded vowel U+0276ɶLATIN LETTER SMALL CAPITAL OE			Helveticaon Apple devices	Test Arial:ɶ Calibri:ɶ Cambria:ɶ Charis SIL:ɶ Courier New:ɶ DejaVu Sans:ɶ Doulos SIL:ɶ Futura:ɶ Garamond:ɶ Gentium:ɶ Georgia:ɶ Gill Sans:ɶ Helvetica:ɶ Lato:ɶ Liberation Sans:ɶ Linux Libertine:ɶ Lucida Grande:ɶ Lucida Sans Unicode:ɶ Noto Sans:ɶ Open Sans:ɶ Palatino:ɶ Roboto:ɶ Segoe UI:ɶ Tahoma:ɶ Times New Roman:ɶ Trebuchet MS:ɶ Verdana:ɶ (System):ɶ	[1]
ʁ	Voiced uvular fricative U+0281ʁLATIN LETTER SMALL CAPITAL INVERTED R			San Francisco	Test Arial:ʁ Calibri:ʁ Cambria:ʁ Charis SIL:ʁ Courier New:ʁ DejaVu Sans:ʁ Doulos SIL:ʁ Futura:ʁ Garamond:ʁ Gentium:ʁ Georgia:ʁ Gill Sans:ʁ Helvetica:ʁ Lato:ʁ Liberation Sans:ʁ Linux Libertine:ʁ Lucida Grande:ʁ Lucida Sans Unicode:ʁ Noto Sans:ʁ Open Sans:ʁ Palatino:ʁ Roboto:ʁ Segoe UI:ʁ Tahoma:ʁ Times New Roman:ʁ Trebuchet MS:ʁ Verdana:ʁ (System):ʁ
χ	Voiceless uvular fricative U+03C7χGREEK SMALL LETTER CHI			Roboto	Test Arial:χ Calibri:χ Cambria:χ Charis SIL:χ Courier New:χ DejaVu Sans:χ Doulos SIL:χ Futura:χ Garamond:χ Gentium:χ Georgia:χ Gill Sans:χ Helvetica:χ Lato:χ Liberation Sans:χ Linux Libertine:χ Lucida Grande:χ Lucida Sans Unicode:χ Noto Sans:χ Open Sans:χ Palatino:χ Roboto:χ Segoe UI:χ Tahoma:χ Times New Roman:χ Trebuchet MS:χ Verdana:χ (System):χ	Fixedin 2017.
				Trebuchet MS
ˈ	Primary stress U+02C8ˈMODIFIER LETTER VERTICAL LINE			Tahoma	Test Arial:ˈ◌ ˌ◌ ː◌ ˑ◌ Calibri:ˈ◌ ˌ◌ ː◌ ˑ◌ Cambria:ˈ◌ ˌ◌ ː◌ ˑ◌ Charis SIL:ˈ◌ ˌ◌ ː◌ ˑ◌ Courier New:ˈ◌ ˌ◌ ː◌ ˑ◌ DejaVu Sans:ˈ◌ ˌ◌ ː◌ ˑ◌ Doulos SIL:ˈ◌ ˌ◌ ː◌ ˑ◌ Futura:ˈ◌ ˌ◌ ː◌ ˑ◌ Garamond:ˈ◌ ˌ◌ ː◌ ˑ◌ Gentium:ˈ◌ ˌ◌ ː◌ ˑ◌ Georgia:ˈ◌ ˌ◌ ː◌ ˑ◌ Gill Sans:ˈ◌ ˌ◌ ː◌ ˑ◌ Helvetica:ˈ◌ ˌ◌ ː◌ ˑ◌ Lato:ˈ◌ ˌ◌ ː◌ ˑ◌ Liberation Sans:ˈ◌ ˌ◌ ː◌ ˑ◌ Linux Libertine:ˈ◌ ˌ◌ ː◌ ˑ◌ Lucida Grande:ˈ◌ ˌ◌ ː◌ ˑ◌ Lucida Sans Unicode:ˈ◌ ˌ◌ ː◌ ˑ◌ Noto Sans:ˈ◌ ˌ◌ ː◌ ˑ◌ Open Sans:ˈ◌ ˌ◌ ː◌ ˑ◌ Palatino:ˈ◌ ˌ◌ ː◌ ˑ◌ Roboto:ˈ◌ ˌ◌ ː◌ ˑ◌ Segoe UI:ˈ◌ ˌ◌ ː◌ ˑ◌ Tahoma:ˈ◌ ˌ◌ ː◌ ˑ◌ Times New Roman:ˈ◌ ˌ◌ ː◌ ˑ◌ Trebuchet MS:ˈ◌ ˌ◌ ː◌ ˑ◌ Verdana:ˈ◌ ˌ◌ ː◌ ˑ◌ (System):ˈ◌ ˌ◌ ː◌ ˑ◌	The length marks denote elongation of the previous segment. The placeholder here just stands for a following character.
ˌ	Secondary stress U+02CCˌMODIFIER LETTER LOW VERTICAL LINE
ː	Long U+02D0ːMODIFIER LETTER TRIANGULAR COLON
ˑ	Half-long U+02D1ˑMODIFIER LETTER HALF TRIANGULAR COLON

Registered users can specify their own font for IPA text by editingtheir user stylesheet.They can also edittheir global stylesheet,which works across all Wikimedia projects. For instance, the following code would cause IPA to be displayed in the fontCharis SIL:

.IPA{
font-family:"Charis SIL";
}

Computer input using on-screen keyboard

Online IPA keyboard utilities are available and they cover a range of IPA symbols and diacritics:

• IPA i-charts (2018)
• IPA character picker
• TypeIt.org
• IPA Chart Keyboard

ForiOSthere are free IPA keyboard layouts, e.g.IPA Phonetic Keyboard.

See also

• Extensions to the International Phonetic Alphabet
• IPA charts for diphthongs in various languages
• Wikipedia:Manual of Style (pronunciation)#Entering IPA characters

External links

• Official interactive IPA chart with letter descriptions, audio, and input assist
• IPA pronunciation chart with audio
• MRI videos of production of the sounds of the IPA charts
• Ultrasound and MRI videos of production of the sounds of the IPA charts
• Getting JAWS 6.1 to recognize "exotic" Unicode symbols– for help on getting thescreen readerJAWSto read IPA symbols
• IPA Reader– web-based IPA synthesizer usingAmazon Polly
  • User:IagoQnsi/ipareader– user script using IPA Reader
• Wikipedia IPA Speaker– Chrome extension