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Welsh Labour

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Welsh Labour
Llafur Cymru
LeaderEluned Morgan
Deputy LeaderCarolyn Harris
General Secretaryvacant
Founded1947
Headquarters1 Cathedral Road
Cardiff
CF11 9HA
Student wingWelsh Labour Students
Youth wingWelsh Young Labour
Membership(2022)Decrease18,000[1]
Ideology
Political positionCentre-left
European affiliationParty of European Socialists
International affiliationProgressive Alliance
Socialist International(observer)
UK Parliament affiliationLabour Party (UK)
ColoursRed
House of Commons
27 / 32
(Welsh seats)
Senedd
30 / 60
Local government in Wales[3]
523 / 1,234
Police and Crime Commissioners
3 / 4
Election symbol
Website
www.welshlabour.walesEdit this at Wikidata

Welsh Labour(Welsh:Llafur Cymru), formerly known as theLabour Party in Wales(Welsh:Y Blaid Lafur yng Nghymru),[4]is an autonomous section of theUnited KingdomLabour PartyinWalesand the largest party in modernWelsh politics.Welsh Labour and its forebears have won a plurality of the Welsh vote at everyUK general electionsince 1922, everyAssemblyandSeneddelection since 1999, and allelections to the European Parliamentin the period 1979–2004 and in 2014.[5]Welsh Labour holds 27 of the 32 Welsh seats in theUK Parliament,30 of the 60 seats in the WelshSeneddand 576 of the 1,264 councillors inprincipal local authoritiesincluding overall control of 10 of the 22 principal local authorities.

Structure

[edit]

Welsh Labour is formally part of the Labour Party, not separately registered with theElectoral Commissionunder the terms of thePolitical Parties, Elections and Referendums Act.[6]In 2016, the Labour Party Conference voted to institute the office of leader of Welsh Labour, a position currently held byEluned Morgan.[7]Welsh Labour has autonomy inpolicyformulation for the areas nowdevolvedto theSeneddand in candidate selection for it. Party objectives are set by the Welsh Executive Committee (WEC), which plays a similar function to the Labour Party'sNational Executive Committee(NEC) indevolved responsibilities.Welsh Labour also has its ownparliamentary groupwithin theParliamentary Labour Party(PLP) in theHouse of Commons,where it also has its ownwhip.[8][9]Since 2016, Welsh Labour's whip in the PLP has beenJessica MordenMP.[10][11]

The Welsh Executive Committee contains representatives of each section of the party – government,MPs,MSs,MEPs,councillors,trade unionsandConstituency Labour Parties(CLPs – the basic unit of organisation throughout the Labour Party). All Wales's 32 CLPs are registered as accounting units with the Electoral Commission.[12]

Welsh Labour headquarters inCardifforganises the party'selection campaignsat all levels of governmentCommunity Councils,Unitary Authorities,theSeneddandWestminster,supports the CLPs and branches in membership matters and performs secretarial functions for the Senedd Labour Party (SLP) and the party's policy-making process. It also organises the annual conference – the sovereign decision-making body of the party in Wales – provides legal and constitutional advice and arbitrate on certain disciplinary matters.

History

[edit]

Origins (1890s to 1945)

[edit]

By the end of the 19th century, most of Wales' adult male population were able to vote. They predominantly supported theLiberal Partypartially due to the influence of theNonconformistreligious movement on Welsh society as well as the party's association with various other radical causes including improving the welfare of the working classes.[13]

In 1893, theIndependent Labour partywas founded, it established branches in Wales, but did not initially gain mass appeal. In 1900, theLabour Representation Committeewas founded by socialist societies and trade unions, the organisation from which the Labour Party would evolve.[13]Keir Hardie,the first leader of theIndependent Labour Party,was elected as member forMerthyr Tydfilin 1900. When theNational Union of Mineworkersaffiliated to the party in 1908, their four sponsored Welsh MPs became Labour MPs.[14]Over the next few years, there was a steady rise in the number of Labour councillors and MPs in Wales. Particularly after theFirst World War,an expanded electorate and the damage the conflict caused to the Liberals reputation contributed to a major shift in support towards Labour in industrial areas. In the1922 general election,Labour won half the Welsh parliamentary seats.[15][14]

After 1922, Labour maintained consistent electoral dominance in Wales winning between 40% and 45% their at general elections for the rest of the interwar period.[16][17][18][19][20][21]In1931,when the Labour party collapsed to just 52 seats the 16 seats it won in the southern Welsh valleys constituted its largest regional stronghold anywhere in Britain.[15][14]After difficult years in the 1920s and '30s, followingWorld War IIthere was keen desire in Wales like elsewhere in the UK to avoid a return to the conditions of theinterwar eraand the Labour victory at the1945 general electionwas strongly endorsed by the Welsh electorate.[22][23][24][25]

As an all Wales unit (from 1947)

[edit]

In 1947, an all Wales unit was formed within the Labour Party for the first time with the merger of South Wales Regional Council of Labour and the constituency parties of north and mid Wales. This change was based on the Labour Party's support for central planning in the Welsh economy and was not at that stage any kind of endorsement of the idea of devolution.[26][27]

Labour expanded its dominance of Welsh politics in the early 1950s, extending its influence in rural and Welsh speaking areas beyond its traditional industrial heartlands.[26]Though Labour went into opposition after 1951, the Labour Party in Wales polled over 50 per cent of the popular vote at each general election, winning seemingly impregnable majorities in the valleys of south Wales.Aneurin Bevan,for example, was routinely returned forEbbw Valewith 80 per cent of the vote. The pattern was similar in some 15 other seats in the region. Through its actions in local government and proposals for central government the Labour Party in Wales was perceived to be a modernising party committed to investing in infrastructure and serious about providing jobs and improving public services.[28]

In the1964 general election,the Labour Party in Wales polled some58 per cent of the Welsh vote and won 28 seats.[29]TheWilsongovernment gave the Labour Party in Wales the chance to enact its promise (following theConservativegovernment's appointment of a Minister of Welsh Affairs in the mid-1950s) to create the post ofSecretary of State for Walesand aWelsh Office.[30]At the1966 United Kingdom general election,Labour's support in Wales reached a peak, winning 61% of the vote and all but four of Wales's 36 parliamentary constituencies.[15]

Increased competition (from 1967)

[edit]

Within three months, however,Gwynfor Evanssensationally capturedCarmarthenforPlaid Cymruat aby-electionand his party came close to victory at the1967 Rhondda Westand1968 Caerphilly by-elections,achieving swings against Labour of 30 and 40 per cent respectively.[31][32][33]

The emergence of Plaid Cymru (and theScottish National Party) prompted the Wilson government to establish theKilbrandon Commission,causing the Labour Party in Wales to consider once more the case for devolution – this time in its favour. Labour victory in theFebruary 1974 general electionpushed devolution onto the political agenda, culminating in a decisive vote against a Welsh Assembly in a 1979 referendum.[34]

Plaid Cymru's threat in the industrial heartland fell away in the 1970s, but it and the Conservatives gained ground in Welsh-speaking and coastal Wales respectively, where Labour's roots were shallower. By the1979 general election,the Labour Party in Wales held 22 of the 36 parliamentary seats, albeit with a 48 per cent share of the vote.[35]

This relative decline was eclipsed by a dramatic fall in Labour support at the1983 General Election.In contrast to the 1950s, the swing against Labour in Britain was matched in Wales, where voters showed themselves just as unwilling to endorseMichael Foot's markedly more left-wing manifesto. The Labour Party in Wales polled a mere 37.5 per cent of the popular vote, yielding 20 seats. A rampant Conservative Party, by contrast, captured 14 seats (including three of the four Cardiff constituencies) and exceeded 30 per cent of the vote for the second election in succession. The Labour Party in Wales's problems were compounded by a strongSDP–Liberal Allianceperformance, gaining 23 per cent of the vote, though few seats, at what was to be the height of its success.[36]

Theminers' strike of 1984–1985appeared to offer the Labour Party in Wales an electoral opportunity, despite the invidious position in which it placed the new Labour leader,Neil Kinnock.At the1987 General Electionthe Welsh party polled 45 per cent, winning 24 seats and winning another two from the Conservatives at by-elections in 1989 and 1991.[37][38]

However, Conservative policy in Wales could be said to have helped to break the traditional compact between the Labour Party in Wales and the Welsh electorate. The party was ineffective when faced with the psychological trauma of restructuring and de-industrialising the Welsh economy. Meanwhile, the seemingly perpetual Conservative rule, based on its electoral power outside Wales, reignited debate within the Labour Party in Wales on devolution.[39]

UnderJohn Smith,Labour committed itself to devolution for Wales andScotland,a commitment that survived his early death.[40]By1997,the Labour Party in Wales captured 34 of Wales's 40 seats, wiping out the Conservatives' Welsh representation and polling 55 per cent.[41]The stage was set for anotherdevolution referendum,this time won by the narrowest of margins.[42]

Devolution era (from 1999)

[edit]
Rhodri Morgancampaigning in 2003 against the introduction of top-up fees for university students – a Labour policy at Westminster

In 1998, the leader of the Labour Party in WalesRon Davies,resigned. In 1999, Wales voted in its first Assembly members;Plaid Cymruachieve 28% of the vote but Labour won with 38% and governed as a minority government. In February 2000, the first assembly leader,Alun Michaelresigned following a vote of no confidence on the matter of European funding for Wales. The new leader,Rhodri Morgan,rebranded the Labour Party in Wales as Welsh Labour,[43][44][45][46]and in October that year, Welsh Labour and the Liberal Democrats formed a coalition lasting three years. In April 2001 the Welsh government announced free entry for museums and galleries (8 months after a similar announcement in England). In 2002, free bus passes were introduced in Wales, differently to England. Welsh Labour achieve 40% the Assembly election vote in 2003. In 2004, theRichard Commissionsuggested increasing the legislative powers of the Assembly. In 2006, theGovernment of Wales Act 2006granted the Assembly new powers. The assembly formed the Welsh Assembly government, which is separate from the legislature. In 2007, Welsh Labour introduced free prescriptions in Wales.[47]

In the2007 elections,Welsh Labour's share of the vote fell to 32.2 per cent, its second lowest since theUK general election of 1923.Its seat number fell by four to 26: 11 more than the second largest party, Plaid Cymru. On 25 May Rhodri Morgan was again nominated as First Minister. On 27 June, Morgan concluded theOne Walesagreement with Plaid Cymru, which was approved by Labour rank and file on 6 July. On 1 December 2009,Carwyn Jonesbecame the new leader of Welsh Labour.[48]

In March 2010, Welsh Labour twice refused to cross thePCS unionpicket line,leading to strong criticism for not doing so from theWelsh Conservativesand theWelsh Liberal Democrats.Carwyn Jones argued that this refusal was ingrained in Labour's thinking[49]At the 2010 UK general election which ended Labour's long period of government across the UK,[50]Labour also lost seats and vote share in Wales mainly to the conservatives.[51]At the end of the One Wales agreement in2011,Labour gained seats in the Welsh assembly at the expense of their Non-Conservative opponents.[52]At the2015 UK general election,Labour saw a slight uptick in vote share and made a net gain of one seat in Wales.[53]

On6 May 2016,Welsh Labour won 29 of the 60 seats in the Assembly elections and secured a fifth term in government,[54]in a minority coalition with the sole remaining Welsh Lib Dem member,Kirsty Williams.[55]In 2017 cabinet was reshuffled withDafydd Elis-Thomasjoining it. Plaid Cymru also participated in an alliance with the party from 2016 to 2017.[56]Welsh Labour supported remain at the2016 EU membership referendum,though most Welsh voters in that referendum ultimately chose leave.[57][58]Labour won a plurality of votes and majority of seats in Wales at the2017and2019UK general elections, with the overall trend of the party's fortunes broadly mirroring its results across Britain; gaining seats and vote share in 2017 and losing both in 2019.[59][60]

I think it is [...] really important and fascinating that after 22 years the Welsh Labour Party is still going to be an essential component of the next Welsh Government. London has become a Labour heartland, Scotland is very much not a Labour heartland, seats that had reliably voted Labour up until 2010 have massively trended towards the Conservatives and yet the Welsh Labour party; the dude abides...

Political reporterStephen Bushdiscusses the long running success of Welsh Labour shortly before the2021 Senedd electionon theNew Statesmanpodcast,Known Unknowns

In the2021 Senedd election,Welsh Labour's share of the vote rose by about 5 per cent and the party won half the seats in the Senedd, equalling its best-ever result in 2003.[61][62]A few months later the party formed an agreement with Plaid Cymru over a wide range of policy including included free-at-the-point-of-usesocial care,expanding services for children and restrictions on second homes.[63]The deal was the third time the two parties had agreed to work together in the era of devolution.[64]

Electoral performance

[edit]

In recent years there has been some decline for Labour in Wales. The2009 European Parliament electionsaw the party fail to come first in an election in Wales for the first time since 1918 (finishing second behind theConservatives)[65][66]and in the2010 general electionLabour had its worst general election result in Wales in its history. If the swing in Wales were repeated across the UK, the Conservatives would have won a landslide victory of over 100 seats; in some, such asPontypridd,Welsh Labour lost over 16 per cent of its vote. In the 2011 Welsh Assembly elections, Labour regained half the seats in the National Assembly. In the2014 European Parliament election,Labour topped the poll in Wales with a swing of 7.9 percentage points. The 2015 general election saw Labour achieve its second lowest vote share in Wales during the post-World War II era.

In the 2017 general election, the decline in parliamentary elections was reversed – Labour raised its vote share to 48.9 per cent, its highest in a general election in Wales since 1997, winning 28 of the 40 Welsh seats in Westminster. However, the 2019 general election saw the party again achieve a fairly poor result by historic standards. Contrastingly, the 2021 Senedd election saw the party match its best ever result at a devolved election and almost its best ever vote share.

In the2024 general election in Wales,Labour won 27 seats.[67]

House of Commons

[edit]
Election Wales +/–
% Seats
1945 58.5
25 / 35
1950 58.1
27 / 36
Increase2
1951 60.5
27 / 36
Steady
1955 57.6
27 / 36
Steady
1959 56.4
27 / 36
Steady
1964 57.8
28 / 36
Increase1
1966 60.7
32 / 36
Increase4
1970 51.6
27 / 36
Decrease5
Feb 1974 46.8
24 / 36
Decrease3
Oct 1974 49.5
23 / 36
Decrease1
1979* 48.6
22 / 36
Decrease1
1983 37.5
20 / 38
Decrease2
1987 45.1
24 / 38
Increase4
1992 49.5
27 / 38
Increase3
1997 54.8
34 / 40
Increase7
2001 48.6
34 / 40
Steady
2005 42.7
29 / 40
Decrease5
2010 36.3
26 / 40
Decrease3
2015 37.1
25 / 40
Decrease1
2017 48.9
28 / 40
Increase3
2019 40.9
22 / 40
Decrease6
2024 37
27 / 32
Increase5

* Includes theSpeaker.

Senedd

[edit]
Election Constituency Regional Total seats +/– Government
Votes % Seats Votes % Seats
1999 384,671 37.6
27 / 40
361,657 35.5
1 / 20
28 / 60
Lab–LD
2003 340,515 40.0
30 / 40
310,658 36.6
0 / 20
30 / 60
Increase2 Minority
2007 314,925 32.2
24 / 40
288,954 29.7
2 / 20
26 / 60
Decrease4 Lab–Plaid
2011 401,677 42.3
28 / 40
349,935 36.9
2 / 20
30 / 60
Increase4 Minority
2016 353,866 34.7
27 / 40
319,196 31.5
2 / 20
29 / 60
Decrease1 Lab–LD
2021 443,047 39.9
27 / 40
401,770 36.2
3 / 20
30 / 60
Increase1 Minority

European Parliament

[edit]
Election Wales +/–
% Seats
1979 41.5
3 / 4
1984 44.5
3 / 4
Steady
1989 48.9
4 / 4
Increase1
1994 55.9
5 / 5
Increase1
1999 31.8
2 / 5
Decrease3
2004 32.5
2 / 4
Steady
2009 20.3
1 / 4
Decrease1
2014 28.1
1 / 4
Steady
2019 15.3
1 / 4
Steady

Councils

[edit]
Year Votes Share of votes Seats won
1995 404,013 43.6%
726 / 1,272
1999 338,470 34.4%
563 / 1,270
2004 278,193 30.6%
479 / 1,263
2008 253,029 26.6%
345 / 1,270
2012* 304,466 35.6%
577 / 1,235
2017 294,989 30.4%
468 / 1,271
2022
526 / 1,271

Appointments

[edit]

House of Lords

[edit]

There are currently 14 Labour Members in the House of Lords from Wales, excludingBaroness Morgan of Ely,who is currently on leave of absence.[68]

No. Name Date
Ennobled
1. Lord Anderson of Swansea 2005
2. Baroness Gale of Blaenrhondda 1999
3. Lord Griffiths of Burry Port 2004
4. Lord Kinnock of Bedwellty 2005
5. Lord Jones of Deeside 2001
6. Lord Hain of Neath 2015
7. Lord Howarth of Newport 2005
8. Baroness Jones of Whitchurch 2006
9. Lord Morgan of Aberdyfi 2000
10. Lord Murphy of Torfaen 2015
11. Lord Rowlands of Merthyr Tydfil and of Rhymney 2004
12. Lord Touhig of Islwyn and Glansychan 2010
13. Baroness Wilcox of Newport 2019

Elected leaders

[edit]
Leader From To
1 Ron Davies 19 September 1998[69] 29 October 1998
2 Alun Michael 20 February 1999 9 February 2000
3 Rhodri Morgan 9 February 2000 1 December 2009
4 Carwyn Jones 1 December 2009 6 December 2018
5 Mark Drakeford 7 December 2018 16 March 2024
6 Vaughan Gething 16 March 2024 24 July 2024
7 Eluned Morgan 24 July 2024 Incumbent

Elected deputy leaders

[edit]
No. Image Name Term start Term end
1 Carolyn Harris 21 April 2018 Incumbent

General secretaries

[edit]
1947: Cliff Prothero
1965: Emrys Jones
1979: Hubert Morgan
1984:Anita Gale
1999:Jessica Morden
2005: Chris Roberts
2010: David Hagendyk
2017: Louise Magee
2022: Jo McIntyre[70]

See also

[edit]

References

[edit]
  1. ^Williams, Darren (16 September 2023)."Meeting of the Welsh Executive Committee (WEC), 16 September 2023 (Joint report with Belinda Loveluck-Edwards)".Darren Williams.
  2. ^"Standing up for Wales – Welsh Labour Manifesto 2019"(PDF).Retrieved31 July2020.
  3. ^"Open Council Data UK - compositions councillors parties wards elections".
  4. ^"Labour looks at image in Wales".BBC News.3 April 2000.Retrieved21 May2023.
  5. ^B. Jones,Welsh Elections 1885–1997(1999), Lolfa. AlsoUK 2001 General Election results by region,UK 2005 General Election results by region,1999 Welsh Assembly election results,2003 Welsh Assembly election resultsand2004 European Parliament election results in Wales (BBC).
  6. ^"Review of the registers of political parties".electoralcommission.org.uk.Retrieved27 November2017.
  7. ^"Labour backs more autonomy for Welsh party | Wales – ITV News".itv.27 September 2016.Retrieved27 November2017.
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  9. ^Deacon, Russell (20 December 2017).Government and Politics of Wales.Edinburgh University Press. p. 56.ISBN978-0-7486-9974-2.Retrieved19 June2024.
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  11. ^"About | Amdanaf".Jessica Morden official website.Retrieved19 June2024.
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  14. ^abcThe Welsh Academy Encyclopedia of Wales. Cardiff: University of Wales Press 2008
  15. ^abc"BBC Wales – History – Themes – Chapter 19: The rise of the Labour Party (Part 2)".BBC.Retrieved22 March2022.
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  30. ^"History of devolution".senedd.wales.Retrieved27 March2022.
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  32. ^"1967 By Election Results".Archived fromthe originalon 29 March 2012.Retrieved20 August2015.
  33. ^"1968 By Election Results".British Elections Ephemera Archive. Archived fromthe originalon 25 March 2012.Retrieved21 August2015.
  34. ^"BBC Wales – History – Themes – Chapter 22: A new nation".BBC.Retrieved27 March2022.
  35. ^"1979 General Election".History Learning Site.Retrieved31 March2022.
  36. ^"GENERAL ELECTION RESULTS, 9 JUNE 1983"(PDF).1984.Retrieved6 August2018.
  37. ^"GENERAL ELECTION RESULTS, 11 JUNE 1987"(PDF).1989.Retrieved30 July2018.
  38. ^"By-election results: 1987–92"(PDF).
  39. ^D. Tanner, "Facing the New Challenge: Labour and Politics 1970–2000",The Labour Party in Wales 1900–2000,ed. D. Tanner, C. Williams and D. Hopkin, 2000, University of Wales Press.
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  41. ^"General election results 1 May 1997".9 May 1997.Retrieved22 July2018.
  42. ^Roderick, Vaughan (16 September 2017)."Wales devolution: The referendum night the BBC almost got wrong".BBC News.Retrieved27 March2022.
  43. ^Bradbury, Jonathan (18 December 2007).Devolution, Regionalism and Regional Development: The UK Experience.Routledge. p. 83.ISBN978-1-134-34905-0.
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  45. ^Driver, Stephen (16 May 2011).Understanding British Party Politics.Polity. p. 186.ISBN978-0-7456-4077-8.
  46. ^Geddes, Andrew; Tonge, Jonathan (2002).Labour's Second Landslide: The British General Election 2001.Manchester University Press. p. 207.ISBN978-0-7190-6266-7.
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  49. ^"Labour, Plaid AMs to miss debate due to picket line".BBC News. 24 March 2010.Retrieved8 May2015.
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  64. ^Mosalski, Ruth (22 November 2021)."Welsh Government wants to give free school meals to all primary school pupils".WalesOnline.Retrieved20 December2021.
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  70. ^Chappell, Elliot (13 December 2021)."Jo McIntyre set to take over as Welsh Labour general secretary in January 2022".LabourList.
[edit]