Wikipedia:Tendentious editing

For the behavioral guideline, seeWikipedia:Disruptive editing.

"WP:TE" redirects here. For the template editor user right, seeWP:TPE.

Tendentiousediting is a pattern of editing that is partisan, biased, skewed, and does not maintain an editoriallyneutral point of view.It may also involve repeated attempts to insert or delete content in the face of the objections of several other editors, or behavior that tends to frustrate proper editorial processes and discussions. This is more than just an isolated edit or comment that was badly thought out.

This essay is about how to recognise such editing, how to avoid it, and how not to be accused of it.

Other policies, guidelines, and essays covering tendentious behaviors include:

• How content is edited –neutral point of view,consensus
• Common tendentious behaviors –edit warring,gaming the system / abuse of process,wikilawyering,disruption to make a point,"I didn't hear that"
• Editor intentions –single purpose accounts,not being here to build an encyclopedia.

What is tendentious editing?

Got anax to grind?Try thehardware store,not Wikipedia. If you do want to advocate for a cause, consider starting your own blog.

Tendentious editing is editing with a sustained editorial bias, or with a clear editorial viewpoint contrary to Wikipedia'sneutral point of viewpolicy. A single edit is unlikely to be a real problem, but a pattern of edits displaying an editor's bias is more likely to be an issue, and repeated biased edits of a single article or group of articles will be very unwelcome indeed. This last behavior is generally characterized asPOV pushingand is a common cause ofblocking.It is usually an indication ofstrong opinions.

Editors who engage in this behavior generally fall into two categories: those who come to realize the problem their edits cause, recognise their own bias, and work productively with editors with opposing views to build a better encyclopedia – and the rest. The rest often end up indefinitely blocked or, if they are otherwise productive editors with a blind spot on one particular area, they may bebanned from certain articles or topicsor become subject toprobation.

It is important to recognize thateverybody has bias.Few people will edit subjects in which they have no interest. Bias is not in and of itself a problem ineditors,only inarticles.Problems arise when editors see their own bias as neutral, and especially when they assume that any resistance to their edits is founded in bias towards an opposing point of view. The perception that "he who is not for me is against me" is contrary to Wikipedia'sassume good faithguideline: always allow for the possibility that you are indeed wrong, and remember that attributing motives to fellow editors isinconsiderate.

Remember:Wikipedia is not a soapbox.Articles, including their titles, must conform to policy regarding theneutral point of viewandverifiability.Content within articles must be based onreliable sourcesand thus be verifiable; article content must not includeeditors' own personal opinions or theories.

Characteristics of problem editors

Here are some hints to help you recognise if you or someone else has become a problem editor:

Not learning from a block for edit-warring

You have been blocked more than once for edit-warring. Or argue about whether you actually reverted four times or only three, or whether thethree revert rule(3RR) applies to a calendar day or to any 24-hour period.

3RR exists to prevent edit wars.Wikilawyeringabout the precise details is unproductive and probably means that you have missed the point:edit warring is bad,and evenonerevert can be disruptive.

Even a slow-motion edit war, perhaps involving one revert per day, is still an edit war. 3RR draws a "bright line", but meeting its minimal requirements ultimately does not shield one from the consequences of edit-warring. If your edits are reverted or rejected, you can take the dispute to the article'stalk page,remembering tocite your sources.If that fails, but you still feel that you are right, consider options fordispute resolution.

Repeating a penalised edit

On returning from a block, your first action is to head right back to the article and repeat the edit. A contentious fact does not become uncontentious by virtue ofrepetition.Elsewhere on the internet you can get away with repeating something until nobody cares enough to contradict you anymore; on Wikipedia, that is unacceptable.

A variant of returning to the same edit is returning to the same talk page to make the same arguments. On returning from a block, if you go to the talk page of the article you were penalized for, do not repeat the same arguments that led to the block. Instead, try to find different arguments, different policy rationales, and better sources. Repeating the exact arguments you made before your block may be viewed asdisruptive.

As well, you may wish to compromise on the position you are arguing for, in the interests of proposing an idea which is more likely to get a consensus.

For example: If your earlier attempts to add the phrase "Film XYZ is widely viewed as the worst film in the genre" did not lead to consensus, you may want to propose more defensible wording, like this: "While Film XYZ was widely praised by critics, critic Sue Smith of theNew York Timescalled it 'the poorest example of the genre in 2015'. "This one at least has aWP:Reliable source,which is notyou.

Wrongly accusing others of vandalism

You repeatedly undo the "vandalism"of others.

Content disputes arenotvandalism. Wikipedia defines vandalism very carefully to exclude good-faith contributions. Accusing other editors of vandalism isuncivilunless there is genuine vandalism, that is, a deliberate attempt to degrade the encyclopedia, not a simple difference of opinion. There are numerousdispute resolution processesandthere is no deadlineto meet; the wheels of Wikijustice may grind exceeding slow, but theydogrind (apologies toSun Tzu).

Asking for the benefit of doubt

You find that nobody willassume good faith,no matter how often you remind them.

Warning others to assume good faith is something which should bedone with great care, if at all– to accuse them of failing to do so may be regarded as uncivil, and if you are perceived as failing to assume good faith yourself, then it could be seen asbeing a jerk.

Accusing others of malice

You often find yourself accusing or suspecting other editors of "suppressing information","censorship ", or" denying facts ".

This isprima facieevidence of your failure toassume good faith.Never attribute to malicethat which may be adequately explained by a simple difference of opinion. And in the case ofbiographies of living individuals,it is vitally importantalwaysto err on the side of caution. If the information you want to add is self-evidently valid and important to the subject, it should be trivial to provide multiplecitationsfromreliable sourceswhich agree that it is both true and significant. Take this evidence to the talk page in the first instance.

Disputing the reliability of apparently good sources

You find yourself engaging in discussions about the reliability of sources that substantially meet the criteria for reliable sources.

There is nothing wrong with questioning the reliability of sources, to a point. But there is a limit to how far one may reasonably go in an effort to discredit the validity of what most other contributors consider to bereliable sources,especially when multiple sources are being questioned in this manner. This may take the form of arguing about the number of or validity of the information cited by the sources. The danger here is in judging the reliability of sources by how well they support the desired viewpoint.

Expecting others to find sources for your own statements

You demand that other editors search for sources to support text that you added, oryou challenge them to find a source that disproves your unsourced claim.

Wikipedia policyis quite clear here: the responsibility for sourcing content rests firmly and entirely with the editor seeking to include it. This applies most especially tobiographies of living individuals,where uncited or poorly cited controversial or negative materialmustbe removed immediately from both the article and the talk page, and by extension any related Project pages.

Adding citations that are inadequate, ambiguous or not sufficiently explicit

Your citations back some of the facts you are adding, but do not explicitly support your interpretation or the inferences you draw.

The policy against addingoriginal researchto Wikipedia expressly forbids novelsynthesesof other sources. A simple example of synthesis is when an editor takes cited fact A and cited fact B, and then uses these two facts to arrive at newly thought-up – and unsourced – interpretation C.

Repeating the same argument without convincing people

You find yourself repeating the same argument over and over again, without persuading people.

If your arguments are rejected,bring better arguments,don't simply repeat the same ones. And most importantly,examine your argument carefully,in light of what others have said. It is true that people will only be convinced if they want to be, regardless of how good your argument may be, but that isnotgrounds for believing that your argumentmustbe true.You must be willing to concede you may have been wrong.Take a long, hard look at your argument from as detached and objective a point of view as you can possibly muster, and see if there is a problem with it. If there isn't, it's best to leave the situation alone: they're not going to want to see it and you cannot force them to. If thereisa problem, however, then you should revise the argument, your case, or both.

Deleting the pertinent cited additions of others

See also:Wikipedia:Identifying reliable sources

You delete the cited additions of others with the complaint that they did not discuss their edits first.

There is no rule on Wikipedia that someone has to get permission from you before they put cited information in an article. Such a rule would clearly contradictWikipedia:Be bold.There is guidance fromArbComthat removal of statements that are pertinent, sourced reliably, and written in a neutral style constitutes disruption.Instead of removing cited work, you should be questioninguncitedinformation. Instead of removing pertinent, referenced statements, you should removeoff-topicstatements andoriginal research.If the sentence(s) referencing the cited work are not an accurate summary of the cited work, that the source is reliable and discusses the topic of the article, try to improve the sentences in a manner that retains the source and improves the accuracy of the statement.

Ignoring or refusing to answer good faith questions from other editors

You ignore or refuse to answer good faith questions from other editors.

No editor should ever be expected to do "homework" for another editor, butsimple, clarifyingquestions from others should not be ignored. (e. g. "You say the quote you want to incorporate can be found in this 300-page pdf, but I've looked and I can't find it. Exactly what page is it on?" ) Failure to cooperate with such simple requests may be interpreted as evidence of abad faitheffort to exasperate or waste the time of other editors.

Assigning undue importance to a single aspect of a subject

See also:Wikipedia:Neutral point of view § Balancing aspects

A particular problem is to assignundue weightto a single aspect of a subject. For example, you might know that there is some controversy surrounding a particular politician's behaviour with regard to a property dispute. You may be very interested in that dispute, and be keen to document the politician's role in it. So you would create an article on the politician which goes into detail about that, but includes little or no other data. This is unacceptable because it gives undue weight to the controversy. If there is already an existing article about the politician, you may seek to add information about the property dispute to the politician's article. However, even though the politician's involvement in a property dispute may beverifiableinreliable sources,other editors may revert the addition of a paragraph about the property dispute on the grounds that it places undue weight on a relatively minor aspect of the subject's personal life.

Similarly, if a single author says that a particular country is a state supporter of terrorism, then adding that country to the articlestate-sponsored terrorismwould be to place undue weight on that one author's view. It is very important to place all critical material in the proper context, and ensure that an overall balanced view is provided. A balanced view does not need to be a sympathetic view – our article onAdolf Hitlerdoes not portray him as a sensitive and misunderstood individual who was kind to his mother – but it does need to reflect the balance of opinion amongreputable authorities.

Not accepting independent input

Some editors may find that independent input through athird opinionorrequest for commentis always biased against their sources, wording or point of view. The purpose of independent input is to resolve disputes between editors by a neutral third party. That doesn't mean the neutral third party will make everyone happy, will choose a side, or in particular, will side with whoever claims there is a dispute (despite no other editors agreeing). If, no matter how many times a neutral third party intervenes, you never seem to get your way, that suggests that your goals may be at odds with Wikipedia'spolicies, guidelines,communityandpurpose.

Similarly, such editors may resist theinitiationof a request for comment. If someone argues at great length over a content dispute, but then suddenly gets cold feet when others suggest seeking wider input, it is often a sign that the editor recognizes that a wider consensus is unlikely to go their way.

"Banning" otherwise constructive editors from your talk page

This is no way to treat your fellow editor!

Some editors routinely tell other editors that they disagree with to "Stay off my talk page." The editors who do this tend to have long lists of folks that have been "banned". Talk pages are the fundamental medium used for editors to interact. Except in specific and clear cases ofWP:WIKIHOUNDING,such "banning" is highly problematic and an indication that the banning editor is having serious problems cooperating with others.

Threatening to quit Wikipedia

See also:Wikipedia:You are not irreplaceable

Just think how much you're going to be missing. You won't have Nixon to kick around anymore.

—US politicianRichard Nixon in 1962,as reported in theNew York Times

Don't let the door(knob) hit you where the good Lord split you!

—African-American vernacular saying

Most editors occasionally wonder why they're investing so much blood, sweat, and tears into Wikipedia. However, it is inappropriate to usethreatsof leaving asemotional blackmail,in order to try to win in a dispute. Doing so demands an excessive amount ofemotional laborfrom other editors, and is never a valid rationale forconsensusin a dispute.Emotional outbursts,especially when habitual, are a poor substitute for reasoned and collaborative discussion.

On the other hand, editors can also be genuinely troubled about ways they have been treated by others, and such sincere soul-searching should be treated with kindness. An editor who worries out loud about whether or not continuing to edit is worth it, particularly when not made conditional on a demand and not a repeated habit, should not be dismissed ashigh maintenanceor subjected togravedancing.Such criticism can do more harm than good when the editor has been acting in good faith.

Righting great wrongs

See also:Wikipedia:What Wikipedia is not § Wikipedia is not a soapbox or means of promotion;Wikipedia:Advocacy;Wikipedia:Activist;andWikipedia:Verifiability, not truth

Wikipedia is a popular site, and its articles often appear high in search engine rankings. You might think that Wikipedia is agreatplace to set the record straight and right great wrongs, but that is absolutely not the case. While we canrecordthe righting of great wrongs, we can't actually "ride the crest of the wave" ourselves. We are, by design, supposed to be "behind the curve". This is because we onlyreportinformation that isverifiableusingreliablesources, and we base articles onsecondaryandindependentsources, giving appropriateweightto the balance of informed opinion. Even if you'resuresomething is true, it must beverifiablebefore you can add it. So, if you want to:

• Expose a popular artist as a child molester, or
• Vindicate a convicted murderer you believe to be innocent, or
• Explain what you are sure is the truthof a current or historical political, religious, or moral issue, or
• Spread the word about a theory/hypothesis/belief/cure-all herb that has been unfairly neglected or suppressed by the scholarly community...

on Wikipedia, you'll have to wait until it's been reported byreliable sourcesor published in books from reputable publishing houses. Wikipediais not a publisher of original thoughtororiginal research.Wikipedia doesn't lead;we follow.Let reliable sources make the novel connections and statements. Findingneutralways of presenting them is what we do.

If, however, the wrong that you want to address has already been sorted in the real world, and if you have the reliable sources to support it, thenplease doupdate the articles. Remember that you can reach out toa relevant WikiProjector theneutral point of view noticeboardif you need help.

Seeing editing as being about taking sides

If you regard editing as being something where you and some other editors are the "good guys", whose mission is to combat other editors who are the "bad guys", where everything is us-against-them, you may not be as much of a good guy as you think you are.

It's true that some editors aresimply disruptivewhereas others are valuable contributors, and it's perfectly reasonable to consider some editors to be your wiki-friends, but when there is a dispute about content, no one should see themselves as being on a team. Doing so tends to make every edit, and every talk page comment, appear to be something personal. Comment on the content,not on the contributor.To see one's role as being to show up at every discussion to say that your friend is right and another editor is creating a problem, before even knowing what the issues in the discussion are, just gets in the way of productive editing.

Often, the best way to make progress in a content dispute is to try to see it from both sides of the dispute, and to look for a resolution that makes use of both sides' ideas.

How to pull back from the brink

First and foremost, however bad you believe the faults of your accusers are, think long and hard about your own behavior. Critique it in your mind with the same vigour with which you critique theirs. Is there not at least a germ of truth in what they say? Have you perhaps been less civil than you should have been? Have you provided high-quality citations from reliablesecondary sourcesto back your edits? Are you trying to place undue weight on a certain viewpoint or issue? In addition, it may be a good idea to scrutinizeallyour behavior this way, even if you arenotpresently involved in a dispute, so that such disputes may not arise in the first place.

Wikipedia is an encyclopedia – a tertiary source. If what you want to say is genuinely verifiable, then it should be possible to find at least one reputable and respected authority who says the same thing in pretty much the same words. It's fine to summarize the arguments of other authorities, but it's not acceptable to editorialise or interpret them. If only one authority says something then to include it might constituteundue weight,or it might be acceptable by agreement with other editors to state the opinion duly attributed to the named authority.

A good way to find out what people find problematic about your edits is toask,in an open and non-confrontational way. If an edit is rejected, try something along the lines of:

According to {citation of source}, the following is the case: {statement from source}. You have disputed its addition. How do you think we should express this assertion?

It may become clear that the problem is simply one of ambiguity of phrasing, or it may be that you have a hill to climb and will need to workwithother editors to find a compromise wording. This may take a great deal of patient, civil discussion on the talk page. Once you have done that, however, and hammered out a consensus-supported wording, this text will be defended by all parties and is far less likely to be skewed by future edits.

If you feel that you are "on the brink" of becoming a tendentious editor on a certain article, it can often help to take a break. Don't edit or even look at the article for a day – or even a week. It will still be there when you get back. After all, there are 6.8 million other articles to edit, and countless articles which still need to be written. With a bit of time off from a contested, disputed article, you might see things from a new perspective when you return.

Accusing others of tendentious editing

Making accusations of tendentious editing can beinflammatoryand hence these accusations may not be helpful in a dispute. It can be seen as apersonal attackif tendentious editing is alleged without clear evidence that the other's action meets the criteria set forth on this page, and unfounded accusations may constituteharassmentif done repeatedly. Rather than accuse another editor of tendentious editing, it may be wiser to point out behaviours which are contrary to Wikipedia policies such asWP:NOR,WP:RS,WP:NPOV,and the3RRrule. See also:WP:AOHAandWP:ASPERSIONS.

See also

• Wikipedia:Advice for hotheads
• Wikipedia:Blocking policy
• Wikipedia:Civil POV pushing
• Wikipedia:Disruptive editing
• Wikipedia:Don't be a fanatic
• Wikipedia:Edit warring
• Wikipedia:How to lose
• Wikipedia:Mutual withdrawal
• Wikipedia:Not here to build an encyclopedia
• Wikipedia:Notability (science)/Irrelevant arguments
• Wikipedia:One against many
• Wikipedia:Single-purpose account
• Wikipedia:Specialized-style fallacy
• Wikipedia:Tag team
• Wikipedia:What Wikipedia is not