Willem Jacob van Stockum

Van Stockum, Toronto, c. 1935.

Willem Jacob van Stockum(20 November 1910 – 10 June 1944) was a Dutch mathematician who made an important contribution to the early development ofgeneral relativity.

Biography

Van Stockum was born inHattemin theNetherlands.His father was a mechanically talented officer in theDutch Navy.After the family (less the father) relocated to Ireland in the late 1920s, Willem studied mathematics atTrinity College,Dublin,where he earned a gold medal. He went on to earn an M.A. from theUniversity of Torontoand his Ph.D. from theUniversity of Edinburghin 1937.

In the mid-1930s, van Stockum became an early enthusiast of the then new theory ofgravitation,general relativity. In 1938, he published a paper which contains one of the first exact solutions in general relativity which modeled thegravitational fieldproduced by a configuration ofrotatingmatter, thevan Stockum dust,which remains an important example noted for its unusual simplicity. In this paper, van Stockum was apparently the first to notice the possibility ofclosed timelike curves,one of the strangest and most disconcerting phenomena in general relativity.

Van Stockum left for the United States in hope of studying underAlbert Einstein,eventually in the spring of 1939 gaining a temporary position under ProfessorOswald Veblenat theInstitute for Advanced StudyinPrinceton.The outbreak of theSecond World Waroccurred while he was teaching at theUniversity of Maryland.Anxious to join the fight against Hitler, he enlisted in the Royal Canadian Air Force, eventually earning his pilots wings in July 1942. Because of his advanced knowledge ofphysics,he spent much of the next year as a test pilot inCanada.After the Netherlands was invaded by Hitler, van Stockum sought to join the war as a pilot. Finally, he was able to transfer to theDutch Air Force(in exile), and in 1944 became the only Dutch officer posted to No. 10 Sq­ron of theRAF Bomber Command,which was stationed inYorkshireand flew combat missions in theHalifaxheavy bomber over Europe before and after theNormandy invasion.On 10 June 1944, van Stockum and his crew of six took off on their sixth combat mission, as part of another 400-plane raid. Near their target, the plane was hit byflak,and all seven crew members were lost, along with seven from another bomber on the same mission. The fourteen airmen are buried inLaval,near the place where the planes went down.

Literature

By van Stockum

• van Stockum, W. J. (1937).Axially symmetric gravitational fields.University of Edinburgh.OCLC1064448393.Doctoral thesis Edinburgh.
• van Stockum, W. J. (1938)."IX.-The gravitational field of a distribution of particles rotating around an axis of symmetry".Proc. R. Soc. Edinburgh.57.Cambridge University Press: 135–154.doi:10.1017/S0370164600013699.The original paper presenting the rediscovery of Lanczos' 1924 dust solution, nowadays referred to as the Lanczos-van Stockum solution.
• van Stockum, Willem Jacob (December 1944)."A SOLDIER'S CREED By A BOMBER PILOT".cgoakley.org.Retrieved1 April2024.Essay written by van Stockum published under the byline "a bomber pilot",due to wartime security restrictions.

By others

• Beenakker, Carlo(2004)."Time travel pioneer".ilorentz.org.Lorentz Institute for theoretical physics, Leiden University.Retrieved1 April2024.
• Lanczos, K. (Kornel)(1997)."On a Stationary Cosmology in the Sense of Einstein's Theory of Gravitation".General Relativity and Gravitation.29:363–399.doi:10.1023/A:1010277120072.Translated reprint ofLanczos, Kornel (1924). "Über eine stationäre Kosmologie im Sinne der Einsteinschen Gravitationstheorie".Zeitschrift für Physik(in German).21(1). Springer Science and Business Media LLC: 73–110.Bibcode:1924ZPhy...21...73L.doi:10.1007/bf01328251.ISSN1434-6001.S2CID122902359.Van Stockum rediscovered Lanczos's result.
• van Loo, Erwin (June 2004)."Willem Jacob van Stockum: A scientist in uniform".lorentz.leidenuniv.nl.Translated by Beenakker, Carlo.Retrieved1 April2024.Translation of an article by a historian published in theDutch Air Forcemagazine "De Vliegende Hollander".
• Wack, Robert P. (2014).Time Bomber.New York: Boissevain Books.ISBN9780984523283.Retrieved1 April2024.Historical fiction by Robert P. Wack, set in Normandy in June 1944. Van Stockum's life and work inspired this book. Also available asWack, Robert P. (May 10, 2014)."Time Bomber".amazon.Retrieved1 April2024.