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William Desmond Taylor

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William Desmond Taylor
Taylor in 1917
Born
William Cunningham Deane-Tanner

(1872-04-26)26 April 1872
Carlow,County Carlow,Ireland
Died1 February 1922(1922-02-01)(aged 49)
Los Angeles,California,U.S.
Cause of deathHomicide by gunshot
Resting placeHollywood Forever Cemetery
NationalityIrish (1872–1890)
American (1890–1922)
Occupation(s)Director, actor
Years active1913–1922
Spouse
Ethel May Harrison
​
​
(m.1901;div.1912)​
PartnerNeva Gerber(1914–1919)
Children1
RelativesDenis Gage Deane-Tanner(brother)

William Desmond Taylor(bornWilliam Cunningham Deane-Tanner;26 April 1872 – 1 February 1922) was anAnglo-Irish-Americanfilm directorand actor. A popular figure in the growingHollywood motion picture colonyof the 1910s and early 1920s, Taylor directed fifty-ninesilent filmsbetween 1914 and 1922 and acted in twenty-seven between 1913 and 1915.[1]

Taylor's murder on 1 February 1922, along with other Hollywood scandals such as theRoscoe Arbuckletrial, led to a frenzy of sensationalist and often fabricated newspaper reports.[2]The murder remains an officialcold case.[3]

Early life[edit]

Taylor (left) directingMay McAvoyin the silent filmTop of New York(1921), several months before his death

William Cunningham Deane-Tanner was born into theAnglo-Irishgentry on 26 April 1872, at Evington House,Carlow,County Carlow,Ireland, one of five children of a retiredBritish Armyofficer, Major Thomas Kearns Deane-Tanner of the Carlow Rifles, 8th Battalion,King's Royal Rifle Corps,and his wife, Jane O'Brien. Taylor's siblings wereDenis Gage Deane-Tanner,Ellen "Nell" Deane-Tanner Faudel-Phillips, Lizzie "Daisy" Deane-Tanner, and Oswald Kearns Deane-Tanner.[4]One of his uncles wasCharles Kearns Deane Tanner,theIrish Parliamentary PartyMember of ParliamentforMid Cork.

From 1885 to 1887, Taylor attendedMarlborough Collegein England.[5]In 1891,[6]he left Ireland for adude ranchnearRunnymede, Kansas.There, Taylor became reacquainted with acting (his first experiences being at school) and eventually moved toNew York City.[1]

While in New York, Taylor courted Ethel May Hamilton, an actress who had appeared in the stage musicalFlorodoraunder the name Ethel May Harrison. Hamilton's father was abrokerand an investor in the English antiques store onFifth Avenue,the Antique Shoppe, which eventually employed Taylor. The couple married in anEpiscopalceremony on 7 December 1901 at theLittle Church Around the Corner,[4]and had a daughter, Ethel Daisy, in 1902 or 1903.[7]

Taylor and his family were well known in New York society and were members of several clubs. He was also a heavy drinker, possibly suffered fromdepression,and was known to carry onaffairswith women. Taylor suddenly disappeared on 23 October 1908, deserting his wife and daughter.[1]After his disappearance, friends said he had previously suffered "mental lapses", and his family thought initially he had wandered off during an episode ofamnesia.Taylor's wife obtained a state decree of divorce in 1912.[7][8]

Little is known of the years immediately following Taylor's disappearance. He traveled through Canada,Alaskaand the northwestern U.S., mining gold and working with various acting troupes. Eventually, he switched from acting toproducing.By the time he arrived inSan Francisco,Californiaaround 1912, he had changed his name to William Desmond Taylor;[1]in San Francisco, some New York acquaintances met him, and provided him with some money to re-establish himself inLos Angeles.[7]

Hollywood[edit]

Taylor's initial film acting was in 1913 for theNew York Motion Picture Company,releasing under the brands of Bronco andKay-Bee.His earliest known screen appearance was inThe Counterfeiter.[9]He then acted forVitagraph Studios,including four appearances oppositeMargaret "Gibby" Gibson,andBalboa Amusement Producing Company.At Balboa, Taylor met actressNeva Gerberwith whom he became engaged until 1919. Gerber later recalled, "He was the soul of honour, a man of personal culture, education, and refinement. I have never known a finer or better man."[10]

Taylor began directing films in 1914, beginning withThe Judge's Wifefor Balboa.[11][12]After leaving Balboa he directed two films at Favorite Players Film Co. and thenAmerican Film Manufacturing Company,where he directed most of the 30-episode serialThe Diamond from the Sky.In October 1915 he joinedPallas Pictures.[13]A year later Pallas became a subsidiary ofFamous Players–Lasky.Except for a month working atFox Film Corporationin 1917, all of Taylor's subsequent films were directed forFamous Players–Laskyor its subsidiary companies.

Around 1915, Taylor made contact with a sister-in-law, Ada Brennan Deane-Tanner, wife of Taylor's younger brother Denis. A former British Army lieutenant and manager of a New York antiques business (separate from Hamilton's), Denis had also abandoned his wife and children, disappearing in 1912.[7]Ada and her daughters moved toMonrovia, California,where Ada could be treated at the Pottinger Sanitorium fortuberculosis.Ada's sister, Lillian Pomeroy, was married to the sanitorium's physician in charge, Dr. John L. Pomeroy.[14]This would become public after Taylor's murder, and the press descended upon the little town of Monrovia.

Towards the end ofWorld War I,in July 1918, Taylor enlisted in theCanadian Expeditionary Forceas a private. After training for four and a half months atFort Edward,Nova Scotia,Taylor sailed fromHalifaxon a troop transport carrying 500 Canadian soldiers.[15]They arrived atHounslow Barracks,Londonon 2 December 1918.[15]

Taylor in a 1920 photograph addressed to actressMary Miles Minter

Taylor was ultimately assigned to theRoyal Army Service Corpsof the Expeditionary Forces Canteen Service, stationed atDunkirk,and promoted to the temporary grade of lieutenant on 15 January 1919.[16]At the end of April 1919, Taylor reached his final billet atBergues,France,as Major Taylor, Company D,Royal Fusiliers.[17]Upon returning to Los Angeles on 14 May 1919, Taylor was honoured by theMotion Picture Directors Associationwith a formal banquet at theLos Angeles Athletic Club.[17]

After returning from military service, Taylor went on to direct some of the most popular stars of the era, includingMary Pickford,Wallace Reid,Dustin Farnumand his protégée,Mary Miles Minter,who starred in the 1919 version ofAnne of Green Gables.By this time, Taylor's ex-wife and daughter were aware that he was working in Hollywood. In 1918, while watching the filmCaptain Alvarez,they saw Taylor appear on the screen. Ethel responded, "That's your father!" In response, Ethel Daisy wrote Taylor in care of the studio. In 1921, Taylor visited his ex-wife and daughter in New York City and made Ethel Daisy his legal heir.[7]

Murder[edit]

At 7:30 on the morning of Thursday, 2 February 1922,[18]Taylor's body was found inside hisbungalowat the Alvarado Court Apartments,[18]404-B SouthAlvarado Street,[19]inWestlake, Los Angeles,a trendy and affluent neighborhood. A crowd gathered inside, and someone identifying himself as a doctor stepped forward, made a cursory examination of the body, and declared Taylor had died of a stomachhemorrhage.The doctor was never seen again, and when doubts later arose, the body was rolled over by forensic investigators, revealing that the 49-year-old film director had been shot at least once in the back with what appeared to have been a small-caliberpistol,which was not found at the scene.

Funeral[edit]

Taylor's funeral took place on 7 February 1922, inSt. Paul's Cathedral.After anEpiscopalceremony, he was interred in a mausoleum at Hollywood Cemetery, now namedHollywood Forever Cemetery,onSanta Monica Boulevard.[20]The inscription on his crypt reads, "In Memory of William C. Deane-Tanner, Beloved Father of Ethel Deane-Tanner. Died 1 February 1922."[21]

Investigation[edit]

In Taylor's pockets, investigators found a wallet holdingUS$78 in cash (modern day $1,420), a silver cigarette case, aWalthampocket watch,apen knife,and alocketbearing a photograph of actressMabel Normand.[22]A two-carat diamond ring was on his finger.[23]With the evidence of the money and valuables on Taylor's body,robberydid not seem to be the motive for the killing, but a large sum of cash, that Taylor had shown to his accountant the day before, was missing and apparently never accounted for. After some investigation, the time of Taylor's death was set at 7:50 pm on the evening of 1 February 1922.[19]

While being interviewed by the police five days after the director's body was found, Minter said that, following the murder, her friend, director and actorMarshall Neilan,had told her that Taylor had made several highly "delusional" statements about some of his social acquaintances (including her) during the weeks before his death. She also said that Neilan thought Taylor had recently become "insane".[24]

In the midst of amedia circuscaused by the case, Los Angeles UndersheriffEugene BiscailuzwarnedChicago TribunereporterEddie Doherty,"The industry has been hurt. Stars have been ruined. Stockholders have lost millions of dollars. A lot of people are out of jobs and incensed enough to take a shot at you."[25]According toRobert Giroux,"The studios seemed to be fearful that if certain aspects of the case were exposed, it would exacerbate their problems."King Vidorsaid of the case in 1968: "Last year I interviewed a Los Angeles police detective, William Michael Cahill Sr., now retired, who had been assigned to the case immediately after the murder. He told me, 'We were doing all right and then, before a week was out, we got the word to lay off.'"[25]

Suspects and witnesses[edit]

Edward Sands[edit]

Edward F Sands

Edward F. Sandshad prior convictions forembezzlement,forgery,and serialdesertionfrom the U.S. military. Born inOhio,he had multiple aliases and spoke with an affectedcockneyaccent. Sands had worked as Taylor'svaletand cook until seven months before the murder. While Taylor was in Europe the summer before in 1921, Sands had forged his name on cheques and wrecked his car. Later, SandsburgledTaylor's bungalow, leaving footprints on the film director's bed. Following the murder, Sands was never seen or heard from again.[26]

Henry Peavey[edit]

Henry Peavey

Henry Peavey,who replaced Sands as Taylor's valet, was the person who found the body. Newspapers noted that Peavey wore flashy golf costumes, but did not own anygolf clubs.Three days before Taylor's murder, Peavey had been arrested for "social vagrancy" and charged with being "lewd and dissolute".[27]

According to Robert Giroux:

Even though the police decided, after severe questioning, that Peavey was not the murderer, the Hollywood correspondent of theNew York Daily News,Florabel Muir,came to a private conclusion that Peavey was the murderer. In that era of ingenious women reporters, Muir thought she could engineer a scoop by tricking Peavey into a confession. She knew (from the movies) that blacks were deathly afraid of ghosts. With the help of two confederates, Frank Carson and Al Weinshank, she offered Peavey ten dollars if he would identify Taylor's grave in the Hollywood Park Cemetery (which she had already visited). Weinshank had gone on ahead with a white sheet, and Muir and Carson drove Peavey to the site. Weinshank, who came from a tough section ofChicago,spoke with the accents of a hoodlum. When he loomed up in the sheet and cried out, "I am the ghost of William Desmond Taylor. You murdered me. Confess, Peavey!" Henry laughed out loud, then cursed them roundly. Unfortunately for Muir, she was unaware that Taylor had a distinctive British accent. Weinshank, as Muir revealed in her memoirs, not only spoke like a hoodlum, but also was one of the alleged Chicago mobsters who were later gunned down in the infamousSt. Valentine's Day Massacre.[28]

In 1931, Peavey died in a San Francisco asylum where he had been hospitalized forsyphilis-relateddementia.[29]

Mabel Normand[edit]

Mabel Normand

Mabel Normandwas a popular comedic actress and frequent costar withCharlie ChaplinandRoscoe Arbuckle.According to authorRobert Giroux,Taylor was deeply in love with Normand and she had originally approached him for help to cure hercocainedependency. Based upon Normand's subsequent statements to police investigators, her repeatedrelapseswere devastating for Taylor. According to Giroux, Taylor met with federal prosecutors shortly before his death and offered to testify against Normand's cocaine suppliers. Giroux believed that those suppliers learned of the meeting and hired acontract killerto assassinate the director. According to Giroux, Normand suspected the reasons for her lover's murder, but did not know the identity of the triggerman.[30]

On the night of the murder, Normand claimed to have left Taylor's bungalow in a happy mood at 7:45 pm, carrying a book he had lent her. She and Taylor blew kisses to each other as her limousine drove her away. Normand was the last person known to have seen Taylor alive, and theLos Angeles Police Department(LAPD) subjected her to a grueling interrogation, but ruled her out as a suspect.[31]Most subsequent writers have done the same. However, Normand's career had already slowed, and her reputation was tarnished by revelations of her addiction, which was seen as a moral failing. According toGeorge Hopkins,who sat next to her at Taylor's funeral, Normand wept inconsolably throughout the ceremony.[32]

Ultimately, Normand continued to make films throughout the 1920s. She died oftuberculosiseight years later, on 23 February 1930. According to her friend and confidante Julia Brew, Normand asked her a few days before she died: "Julia, do you think they'll ever find out who killed Bill Taylor?"[21]

Faith Cole MacLean[edit]

Faith Cole MacLean, the wife of actorDouglas MacLeanand neighbor of Taylor's, is widely believed to have seen Taylor's killer. The couple was startled by a loud noise at 8 pm. MacLean opened her front door and saw someone emerging from the front door of Taylor's home who, she said, was dressed "like my idea of a motion picture burglar". She recalled the person pausing for a moment before turning and walking back through the door, as if having forgotten something, then re-emerging seconds later, flashing a smile at her before running off and disappearing between the buildings. MacLean thought that the loud noise she had heard was a carback-firing,not a gunshot. She also told police interviewers the person looked "funny" (like movie actors in white-faced makeup) and speculated that it may have been a woman disguised as a man, due to the person's height and build.

Mary Miles Minter[edit]

Mary Miles Minter

Mary Miles Minterwas a formerchild starand teen screen idol whose career had been guided by Taylor. Minter, who had grown up without a father, was only three years older than the daughter Taylor had abandoned in New York. Love letters from Minter were found in Taylor's bungalow. Based upon those, reporters alleged that a sexual relationship between the 49-year-old Taylor and 19-year-old Minter had started when she was 17. Giroux and Vidor, however, disputed that allegation. Citing Minter's own statements, both believed that her love for Taylor was unrequited. Taylor had often declined to see Minter, and had described himself as too old for her.

However, facsimiles of Minter's passionate letters to Taylor were printed in newspapers, forever shattering her screen image as a modest and wholesome young girl, and she was vilified in the press. Minter made four more films forParamount Pictures,and when the studio failed to renew her contract, she received offers from many other producers. Never comfortable as an actress, Minter declined them all. In 1957, she married Brandon O. Hildebrandt, a Danish-American businessman.[33]She died inSanta Monica, California,on 4 August 1984.

Charlotte Shelby[edit]

Charlotte Shelby

Charlotte Shelbywas Minter's mother. Like manystage mothersbefore and since, she has been described as manipulative and consumed by wanton greed over her daughter's career. Minter and her mother were bitterly divided by financial disputes and lawsuits for a time, but they later reconciled. Shelby's initial statements to police about the murder are still characterized as evasive and "obviously filled with lies" about both her daughter's relationship with Taylor and "other matters".[34]Perhaps the most compelling bit of circumstantial evidence was that Shelby allegedly owned a rare.38 caliber pistol and some unusual bullets, which were very similar to the kind which had killed Taylor. After that information became public, she reportedly threw the pistol into aLouisianabayou.

Shelby knew the Los Angeles district attorney socially and spent years outside the United States, in an effort to avoid both official inquiries by his successor, and press coverage related to the murder. In 1938, her other daughter, actressMargaret Shelby(who was by then suffering from both clinical depression and alcoholism), openly accused her mother of the murder. Shelby was widely suspected of the crime and was a favorite suspect of many writers. For example,Adela Rogers St. Johnsspeculated that Shelby was torn by feelings of maternal protection for her daughter and her own attraction to Taylor.

Although Shelby feared being tried for the murder, at least twoLos Angeles Countydistrict attorneys publicly declined to prosecute her.[18][35]Almost twenty years after the murder, Los Angeles district attorney,Buron Fitts,concluded evidence was insufficient for an indictment of Shelby and recommended that the remaining evidence and case files be retained on a permanent basis. All of those materials subsequently disappeared. Shelby died in 1957. Fitts, in ill health, died by suicide in 1973.

Margaret Gibson[edit]

Margaret Gibson

Margaret Gibsonwas a film actress who had worked with Taylor when he first came to Hollywood. In 1917, she was indicted, tried, andacquittedon charges equivalent toprostitution(along with allegations ofopiumdealing), after which she changed her professional name to Patricia Palmer. In 1923, Gibson was arrested and jailed onextortioncharges, which were later dropped. She was 27 years old and in Los Angeles at the time of Taylor's murder. No record of her name was ever mentioned in connection with the investigation. Soon after the murder, Gibson got work in a number of films produced byFamous Players–Lasky,Taylor's studio at the time of his death. Shortly before she died in 1964, Gibson reportedly confessed to murdering Taylor.[36]

Lack of evidence[edit]

Through a combination of poor crime scene management and apparent corruption, much physical evidence was immediately lost, and the rest vanished over the years, although copies of a few documents from the police files were made public in 2007.[37]Various theories were put forward after the murder, and in the years since, and many books published, claiming to have identified the murderer, but no conclusive evidence has ever been uncovered linking the crime to any particular individual.

Aftermath[edit]

Because so many of the celebrities mentioned in the Taylor case were familiar to the public through their movie performances,[38]this was the first American murder in which so many people felt such a personal interest.[39][40]Public interest in the case resulted in stories about the Taylor murder selling more newspapers in the United States than ever before.[41]

Anti-Hollywood sentiment peaked in the weeks following the Taylor murder, with editorials comparing Hollywood to "all the licentiousness that marked the Roman times of Caligula, Claudius, and Nero,"[42]"our American Sodom and Gomorrah,"[43]and sounding the call to "Destroy Hollywood!"[44]Other editorials characterized Taylor as a crafty, cultured villain[45]who "got what was coming to him,"[46][47][48][49][50]and urging, "Every weapon available should be used by all the forces of law to defeat the conspiracy to cover up the Taylor case."[51]

A spate of newspaper-driven Hollywood scandals during the early 1920s included Taylor's murder, theRoscoe Arbuckletrial, the death ofOlive Thomas,the mysterious death ofThomas H. Ince,and the drug- or alcohol-related deaths ofWallace Reid,Barbara La Marr,andJeanne Eagels,all of which prompted Hollywood studios to begin writing contracts with "morality clauses" or "moral turpitudeclauses ", allowing the dismissal of contractees who breached them.[52][53]

In popular culture[edit]

  • The murder appears inF Scott Fitzgerald's 1940 story "Pat Hobby's Christmas Wish ". Hobby discovers a supposed confession to the murder from a Hollywood producer and tries to use it to blackmail him.
  • The filmSunset Boulevard(1950), withWilliam HoldenandGloria Swanson,features a fictional, aging silent screen actress named "Norma Desmond", whose name was taken from Taylor's middle name and Mabel Normand's last name, as a way to resonate with the widely publicized scandals of almost 30 years before.[54]
  • The filmHollywood Story(1951), an attempt byUniversal Picturesto take advantage of the success ofSunset Boulevard,is clearly based directly on the Taylor murder.[55]While the film reaches a fictional conclusion, it follows the circumstances of the real-life event closely.
  • Gore Vidal's novelHollywood(1990) features a fictionalised account of the Taylor murder.[56]Other novels that fictionalize the case include13 Castle WalkbyDeWitt Bodeen(1975),The Man Who Died TwicebySamuel A. Peeples(1976), andRunning TimebyGavin Lambert(1982).[57]
  • Taylor's murder was depicted inDavid Merrick's production of the Jerry Herman - Michael Stewart "cult" musicalMack & Mabel,which opened on Broadway at the Majestic Theatre on 6 October 1974, and ran for six previews and 66 regular performances. Directed and choreographed byGower Champion,the production starredRobert Prestonas Mack Sennett andBernadette Petersas Mabel Normand, withJames Mitchellportraying William Desmond Taylor.[58]
  • "Old Hollywood: Silent Stars, Deadly Secret", an episode of theA&Etrue crime seriesCity Confidential,aired in 2000 and is about the Taylor murder.[59]
  • In 2012, to mark the 140th anniversary of his birth, The William Desmond Taylor Society, in his home town ofCarlow, Ireland,established Taylorfest, an annual arts and film festival honoring Ireland's most prolific filmmaker and celebrating the contribution of the Irish to silent film.
  • TinPot and Cleverality Productions produced, with funding from The Broadcast Authority of Ireland, a one-hour drama-documentary examining the murder of William Desmond Taylor presented in the style of a 1920s live radio show entitledWho Killed Bill?(2013). Written and directed by Marc-Ivan O'Gorman, the show combined dramatizations with interviews from experts, including Oscar-winning film historian Kevin Brownlow.
  • In 2018, Buzzfeed Unsolved produced a video discussing "The Scandalous Murder of William Desmond Taylor".
  • In 2020,Wonderyreleased a six-episodepodcastseries "Murder in Hollywoodland" about the murder.

Career as director[edit]

See also:Category:Films directed by William Desmond Taylor
Poster forHow Could You, Jean?starringMary Pickford(1918)

Taylor directed more than 60 films. These include:

See also[edit]

References[edit]

  1. ^abcd"The Unsolved Murder of William Desmond Taylor".usc.edu.2 July 2000. Archived fromthe originalon 29 June 2010.Retrieved21 July2014.
  2. ^Taylorology(newsheet)[permanent dead link],September 2003; retrieved 6 January 2008.
  3. ^Taylorology(newsheet)Issue 4, April 1993; retrieved 12 May 2013.
  4. ^abHigham, Charles (2006).Murder in Hollywood: Solving a Silent Screen Mystery.Terrace Books. pp. 26, 33, 34.ISBN0-299-20364-6.
  5. ^Marlborough College Register from 1843 to 1904 Inclusive.
  6. ^Passenger list,RMS Umbria,Liverpool to New York, August 1891, "W. Deane Tanner", age 20. Tanner's subsequent arrival at Runnymede was mentioned in "Runnymede Items", Harper Sentinel, Aug. 28, 1891.
  7. ^abcde"Slain Movie Man Had Career Here; Deserted His Wife"(PDF).The New York Times.5 February 1922.Retrieved7 April2009– viaNewspapersOpen access icon.Alt URL:page 1page 2
  8. ^"Interviews with Taylor's Ex-Wife".Taylorology(45). September 1996.
  9. ^Long, Bruce (1991).William Desmond Taylor: A Dossier.Rowman & Littlefield. p. 434.ISBN978-0810841710– via Google Books.
  10. ^Giroux (1990), p. 82.
  11. ^"Brevities of the Business",Motography,XII(2), Chicago, IL: 70, 11 July 1914
  12. ^Willis (27 June 1914),"Los Angeles Letter",New York Clipper,LXII(20), New York: 12
  13. ^Long, Bruce (1991).William Desmond Taylor: A Dossier.Rowman & Littlefield. p. 43.ISBN978-0810841710– via Google Books.
  14. ^The Southern California Practitioner,Stoll & Thayer (1912), pp. 42, 249, 380.
  15. ^abGiroux (1990), p. 105.
  16. ^Supplement to the London Gazette,27 January 1919, p. 1333; retrieved 23 February 2008. The published note reads, "Canteens. – William Desmond Taylor to be •temp. Lt. (without pay or allowances). 15 January 1919."
  17. ^abGiroux (1990), p. 107.
  18. ^abcTheMinx-WDTaylor "Crime & Passion" (on William Desmond Taylor)Archived20 November 2006 at theWayback Machine.Minx, The MagazineVolume Two. Issue Two. (Minx), Neal Patterson, 1998–99.
  19. ^abWilliam Desmond Taylor entry,Internet Accuracy Project (accuracyproject.org); accessed 21 August 2014.
  20. ^"Impressive Scenes as Director's Body Is Laid at Rest",Los Angeles Times,February 8, 1922, p. II-1
  21. ^abGiroux (1990), p. 239.
  22. ^Giroux (1990), p. 15.
  23. ^"Shot in the Back."Archived14 July 2006 at theWayback MachineCrime Library, Courtroom Television Network, LLC, 2005.
  24. ^"Statement of Mary Miles Minter."Archived30 October 2008 at theWayback Machine(LAPD) 7 February 1922; retrieved 28 August 2007.
  25. ^abGiroux (1990), p. 180.
  26. ^"Badly Wanted".Time.29 August 1929. Archived fromthe originalon 25 February 2010.Retrieved21 July2007.Edward F. Sands, 34, 5 ft 5 in., for the murder of William Desmond Taylor, cinema director, whose butler he was. Questioned in this case were Cinemactresses Mabel Normand, last to see Taylor alive, and Mary Miles Minter whose lingerie and love letters were found in the Taylor apartment.
  27. ^"Valet in Court on Vagrancy Charge",Los Angeles Record(3 February 1922), reprinted inTaylorology,p. 60.
  28. ^Giroux (1990), p. 131.
  29. ^"1937May11 Los Angeles Times - HENRY PEAVEY OBIT".The Los Angeles Times.11 May 1937. p. 25.Retrieved16 May2023.
  30. ^Robert Giroux,A Deed of Death: The Story Behind the Unsolved Murder of Hollywood Director William Desmond Taylor,Alfred A. Knopf, New York, 1990.
  31. ^"Press Film Star For Taylor Clew".The New York Times.7 February 1922.A motion picture actress was subjected to what the police termed a "long and grueling" examination at her home here tonight in an attempt to obtain a clew to the murderer of William Desmond Taylor.
  32. ^Giroux (1990), p. 236.
  33. ^Giroux (1990), pp. 159–160.
  34. ^Taylorology-97Taylorology.(newsheet), Issue 97, Editor: Bruce Long, 2007 (after 7 year hiatus)
  35. ^In 1967, director King Vidor privately speculated that while Taylor escorted Mabel Normand to her car, Shelby entered the bungalow through the open front door, found her daughter Mary Miles Minter hiding inside (supposedly explaining a nightgown found by police which, despite sensationalized reports in the Hearst press, was never linked to Minter), and shot Taylor within an hour of his return. BiographerSidney D. Kirkpatrickclaimed in his bookCast of Killers(1986) that Vidor had solved the crime, asserting that the director had not published his conclusions to protect people who were still living at the time.Taylorologysubsequently listed over 100 factual errors inCast of Killers,and strongly disputed Vidor's speculation on the murder, but credited the book with renewing public interest in the topic.
  36. ^Taylorology 84Archived2010-12-01 at theWayback Machine,December 1999, retrieved June 22, 2010
  37. ^Taylorology 97"Excerpts of Statements of Witnesses In Re William Desmond Taylor Murder 1922 – 1936", "Statement of Miss Mary Miles Minter in the Office of the District Attorney 7 February 1922"
  38. ^"16 Silent Film Celebrities & the William Desmond Taylor Case".YouTube.29 October 2007.Retrieved10 April2022.
  39. ^"Hollywood's Morals".Wilkes-Barre Record.11 February 1922. p. 8.Retrieved10 April2022– via Newspapers."The millions of people who patronize the movies form an attachment to the actors depicted upon the screen that almost makes them a part of their daily lives."
  40. ^"Solve this Hollywood Murder!".Phoenix New Times.29 April 1992. p. 8.Retrieved10 April2022– via Newspapers."…the first murder in America in which people felt such a close involvement."
  41. ^Hampton, Benjamin B. (1931).A History of the Movies.Covici Friede. p. 286.ISBN0486224031– via Internet Archive.
  42. ^"Some More Salacious Stuff".Alexandria Times-Tribune.9 February 1922. p. 4.Retrieved10 April2022– via Newspapers.
  43. ^"Often I have heard…".Columbus Telegram.10 February 1922. p. 4.Retrieved10 April2022– via Newspapers.
  44. ^"The Tinselled City of Folly".Muskogee Daily Phoenix.9 February 1922. p. 8.Retrieved10 April2022– via Newspapers.
  45. ^"A Big, Big Job".Marshall Morning News.18 February 1922. p. 8.Retrieved10 April2022– via Newspapers.
  46. ^"All the facts have not yet…".Yorkville Enquirer.14 February 1922. p. 4.Retrieved10 April2022– via Newspapers.
  47. ^"We don't see any sense…".Demopolis Times.9 February 1922. p. 1.Retrieved10 April2022– via Newspapers.
  48. ^"Before Fatty Arbuckle got out…".Muskogee Daily Phoenix.9 February 1922. p. 4.Retrieved10 April2022– via Newspapers.
  49. ^"Anyway, we feel sure…".Waterloo Courier.7 February 1922. p. 6.Retrieved10 April2022– via Newspapers.
  50. ^"Hollywood, California, don't only…".Milan Standard.9 February 1922. p. 4.Retrieved10 April2022– via Newspapers.
  51. ^"The Taylor Case".Columbus Dispatch.19 February 1922. p. 4.Retrieved15 April2022– via Newspapers.
  52. ^Menefee, David W.(2004).The First Female Stars: Women of the Silent Era.Greenwood Publishing Group.p. 132.ISBN0-275-98259-9.
  53. ^Vogel, Michelle (2007).Olive Thomas: The Life and Death of a Silent Film Beauty.McFarland. p. 6.ISBN978-0-7864-2908-0.
  54. ^Petro, Patrice (2010).Idols of Modernity: Movie Stars of the 1920s.Rutgers University Press.p.2.ISBN978-0-813-54732-9.
  55. ^Lyons, Arthur (2000).Death on the Cheap: The Lost B Movies of Film Noir!.Da Capo Press. p. 99.ISBN978-0-306-80996-5.
  56. ^Lehmann-Haupt, Christopher (18 January 1990)."Vidal's Remaking of the American Myth".The New York Times.Retrieved21 November2012.
  57. ^Slide, Anthony (1995).The Hollywood Novel: a Critical Guide to Over 1200 Works.Jefferson:McFarland & Company.
  58. ^"Mack & Mabel".playbillvault.Retrieved21 November2012.
  59. ^[1][dead link]

Further reading[edit]

External links[edit]

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