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William H. Moore House

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Coordinates:40°45′38″N73°58′30″W/ 40.7606°N 73.9749°W/40.7606; -73.9749
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Not to be confused withWilliam Moore Jr. House.

William H. Moore House
The facade as seen in 2008
(2008)
Map
Location4 East 54th Street,Manhattan,New York
Coordinates40°45′38″N73°58′30″W/ 40.7606°N 73.9749°W/40.7606; -73.9749
Arealess than one acre
Built1898–1900
ArchitectMcKim, Mead & White
Architectural styleRenaissance
NRHP referenceNo.72000878[1]
NYCLNo.0273
Significant dates
Added to NRHPMarch 16, 1972
Designated NYCLJanuary 11, 1967

TheWilliam H. Moore House,also known as theStokes-Moore Mansionand4 East 54th Street,is a commercial building in theMidtown Manhattanneighborhood ofNew York City.It is along54th Street's southern sidewalk betweenMadison AvenueandFifth Avenue.The building was designed byMcKim, Mead & Whiteand constructed between 1898 and 1900 as a private residence.

The house is a six-story, rectangular stone building in theRenaissance Revivalstyle. It has anEnglish basementon the first floor, which is clad with rusticated blocks of the stone. There is abalustradeand overhangingcorniceabove the fifth floor. A sixth floor, recessed from the street, was added in the 1990s.

The house was commissioned by developerWilliam Earle Dodge Stokesand purchased by financierWilliam Henry Moorebefore its completion. Although William H. Moore died in the mansion in 1923, his wife Ada resided in the house until her death in 1955. Afterward, the house contained offices for organizations and companies such as theAmerica-Israel Cultural Foundationand theBanco di Napoli,as well as a store for fashion companyKiton.TheNew York City Landmarks Preservation Commissiondesignated 4 East 54th Street as an official landmark in 1967, and it was added to theNational Register of Historic Placeson March 16, 1972.

Site

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The William H. Moore House is at 4 East 54th Street in theMidtown Manhattanneighborhood ofNew York City.It is on the south side of54th StreetbetweenMadison Avenueto the east andFifth Avenueto the west. Theland lotcovers 3,615 square feet (335.8 m2) with afrontageof 36 feet (11 m) on 54th Street and a depth of 100.42 feet (30.61 m). Nearby sites include the residences atUniversity Club of New YorkandThe Peninsula New Yorkto the northwest;Aeolian Buildingand theSt. Regis New Yorkhotel to the north;19 East 54th Streetto the east;Saint Thomas Churchand666 Fifth Avenueto the southwest; andPaley Parkone block south.[2]

Fifth Avenue between42nd StreetandCentral Park South(59th Street) was relatively undeveloped through the late 19th century.[3]The surrounding area was once part of the common lands of the city of New York.[4]TheCommissioners' Plan of 1811established Manhattan'sstreet gridwith lots measuring 100 feet (30 m) deep and 25 feet (7.6 m) wide.[5]Upscale residences were constructed around Fifth Avenue following theAmerican Civil War.[3][6]The block of East 54th Street from Fifth to Madison Avenues was only sporadically developed until the late 1870s, and it had brownstone residences by 1886.[7][8]Residents of the block included socialite Minnie E. Young at 19 East 54th and merchantJohn R. Plattat 7 East 54th. On the next block west were the residences ofJohn D. Rockefellerat 4 West 54th,John D. Rockefeller Jr.at 10 West 54th, andPhilip Lehmanat7 West 54th.[8]

Architecture

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4 East 54th Street is designed in theItalian Renaissance Revivalstyle byMcKim, Mead & White.[9][10][11]The building is clad with stone and is structurally supported by masonry-bearing walls. It is five stories tall, with the ground story treated as an English basement.[12]The original facade is divided horizontally into three sections: the ground-floorEnglish basement,the three center stories, and the fifth-story attic.[13]Russell Sturgis,writing forArchitectural Recordin 1900, described 4 East 54th Street as "tranquil, simple, and not ineffective", but he thought that the balcony outside the second floor should have been placed at a greater height.[14]

Facade

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The facade is made of white limestone.[12][14][15]The main facade on 54th Street is five stories tall with threebaysof vertical openings. The first story is faced withrusticatedstone blocks, and it contains flat-arched display windows on the left and right bays, topped by keystones withvolutes.The main entrance is through the center bay and has a carvedcartoucheabove it.[10][12]A balcony runs across the bottom of the second story.[10][11][12]The keystones on the left and right windows, as well as four additionalconsole brackets,support the balcony.[13]

The second through fifth stories facing 54th Street each contain three rectangular windows, which are surrounded by increasingly simple moldings on higher floors. These stories are mostly clad with flat stone, but the extreme ends of the facade contain rusticatedquoins.Above the second story are individualcornicessupported by brackets. The center window on the third story has a rectangular balcony, with a railing made of carved ironwork, and it is topped by a rounded pediment. The fourth and fifth floors are separated by a horizontalband coursewithdentils.Above the fifth floor, there is an entablature with dentils and scallop details. There is also a large cornice supported by console brackets.[10][12]Above the cornice is abalustrade,behind which is the flat roof.[12]

Top of the eastern facade, which consists of a penthouse above a blank wall
Top of the eastern facade as seen from a distance

The sixth floor, added in the 1990s, was built atop that roof and is not visible from street level.[16]When the house was completed, there had been windows on three sides.[17]The western wall had windows since, at the time of the house's construction, the building did not abut anything to the west.[15]

Interior

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The house has 23,000 square feet (2,100 m2) of space,[16]or 25,971 square feet (2,412.8 m2) according to city records.[2]The interior was outfitted with 21 fireplaces; marble floors, stairs, and pillars; mahogany, oak, and cypress decorative elements;wrought ironfretwork; andstained glasswindows. Some of the fireplaces were subsequently removed, and the original lift inside the house was replaced with an elevator.[18]

4 East 54th Street is one of several "American basement plan" residences on 54th Street, where the entrance is placed at ground level, rather than on astoopslightly above ground as in other rowhouses.[15][19]This type of design enabled the ground-floor reception area to have a central staircase, rather than on one side.[14][19]The basement was arranged with a kitchen. The first floor had reception and dining rooms,[15][20]and it was clad in marble.[21]The reception room was on the left side of the entrance, while an office was to the right. The hallway had marblecolumns,pilasters,and walls and led to the kitchen.[15]There was a marble fountain in the hallway when the house was used as a residence.[22]

A broad staircase curves up to the second floor,[18]which had drawing rooms and parlors.[20]The second floor's main drawing room, at the front or north end of the house, occupied the entire width of the house. Another hallway and a conservatory separated the main drawing room from other spaces in the house. The conservatory had marble floors, while the other rooms had wooden floors in aherringbone pattern.[15]In the rear was a dining room containing wood-paneled walls and a fireplace with amantelpieceof green marble.[18]On the third and fourth floors were bedrooms for the family.[20][22]The third floor had a library at its front and two bedrooms (including a master bedroom) at its rear, decorated with marble shelves.[23]The fourth floor was entirely dedicated to bedrooms,[23]and the fifth floor had bedrooms for the servants.[20]

History

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William Earl Dodge Stokeswas born in 1852 and helped develop many buildings on theUpper West Sidein the late 19th century. His family headed a mining company calledPhelps, Dodge & Company.[24]In 1895, Stokes married 19-year-oldRita Hernandez de Alba Acostaafter becoming enamored with Rita's picture in a window on Fifth Avenue.[25][15]The wedding was held at 47 West 48th Street, the Midtown mansion where Rita Acosta's parentsRicardoand Micaela lived.[26][27]Initially, the couple lived on the Upper West Side.[25]By the late 1890s, many smaller mansions were being developed on side streets near Fifth Avenue in Midtown Manhattan.[15]

Residence

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In June 1898, Caroline S. Reed sold two rowhouses at 4 and 6 East 54th Street for about $140,000.[28][29]The buyer's name was initially not publicized,[29]but William Stokes hired McKim, Mead & White to design a five-story brick-and-stone residence on the site shortly after the sale.[28][15]The original plans for the house were announced that June, when the house was projected to cost $100,000.[28]The next month, William Stokes decided to instead erect a limestone-clad house.[15]William Stokes had specifically planned the house for his wife: a short article inThe Sun,published in October 1898, stated that William and Rita Stokes "expect to move into their new house at 4 East Fifty-fourth Street onJan. 16".[30]The marriage was short; by mid-1899 Rita Stokes had filed for divorce,[31]with the proceedings finalized by the finalized the following April.[32]

The house had not been completed when, in December 1899, William Stokes sold it to financierWilliam Henry Moore,[33][34][35]who paid either $225,000[17]or $325,000.[22]William and his wife Ada temporarily lived in the Holland House until the following March, when the house was completed.[36]In 1901, the Moores signed an agreement withCharles W. Harknessregarding an "encroachment" onto Harkness's adjacent property[37]at 2 East 54th Street (685 Fifth Avenue).[38]As of the1910 United States census,the residents included not only the Moores but also nine servants, eight of whom were immigrants from Scotland, Sweden, Finland, and Ireland.[25]William's grandsonPaul Moore Jr.,abishopof theEpiscopal Church,recalled that the house was filled with "Persian rugs, Victorian furniture, etc."[22]

William H. Moore died at the house on January 11, 1923.[39][40]His estate was divided equally between Ada, who continued to live at the house, and the couple's two sons, who lived elsewhere.[41]After William Moore's death, Ada used the house for several events, such as a pre-Lentlecture,[42]a tea for theSociety of Woman Geographers,[43]and a reception forMetropolitan Operasingers.[44]As the neighborhood became more commercial in nature, theStork Clubrestaurant opened directly behind the house. Paul Moore Jr. recalled that his grandmother's butler called the Stork Club's ownerSherman Billingsleyregularly to complain about the noise from the restaurant.[22]Ada Moore died at the house on January 30, 1955.[45]

Late 20th century

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Detail of the upper part of the facade
Upper facade details

Harry and Sydney W. Waxman, builders from the company Waxman Brothers, purchased the house in May 1960 from Ed Benenson. The buyers were planning to convert the building to a headquarters of the Waxman Foundation, a charity, for $1 million. The renovations included air-conditioning and a new elevator.[46]The Waxman Brothers had moved into the house by July 1960, when the company formed a new mortgage firm, the Jefferson Funding Corporation, with offices in the building.[47]

TheAmerica-Israel Cultural Foundation(AICF), a group founded by violinistIsaac Stern,acquired the house in 1966 and converted the building into its headquarters. An arts-and-crafts center and an Israeli-art gallery were placed on the ground floor. The second floor had a reception foyer, a lecture/film room, and a board room.[18]The AICF headquarters opened in February 1966.[48]TheNew York City Landmarks Preservation Commission(LPC) designated the house as a landmark on January 11, 1967.[3]Under AICF ownership, the house was known as the America-Israel Culture House. It hosted events such as an exhibit of artifacts from the "Land of the Bible",[49]a reception forBatsheva Dance Companyperformers,[50]a series of photographs about the1948 Arab–Israeli War,[51]and a display of modern and ancient jewelry.[52]4 East 54th Street was listed on theNational Register of Historic Placeson March 16, 1972.[1]

Joseph P. Famolare purchased the house in 1978[53]for use as the headquarters for his companyFamolare Shoes.Famolare had initially intended to demolish the interior to make way for "white walls and sleek-looking insides".[54]Famolare discussed the renovation with his tax lawyer, who said he may be eligible for a tax credit if he preserved the interior, leading him to replace his architects. The mahogany and stained glass interiors were thus retained, becoming Famolare Shoes' sales offices and showrooms.[54]Among the company's customers was Isaac Stern.[55]Famolare sold the house to Four East Fifty-fourth Street Associates in 1984,[56]and the house was transferred the next year to thegovernment of Indonesia.[57]By 1986, the house was known as the Indonesian Pavilion. That year, the government of Indonesia opened a furniture store called Sarinah on the lowest three floors; this was the Indonesian government's first store outside Indonesia.[58]

The Italian bankBanco di Napolipurchased the building for $12.8 million from the Indonesian government in May 1993.[59]The bank renovated the building and added the sixth floor for $7 million.[16]The renovation was planned bySCR Design,which had proposed constructing two floors. Because the house was a city landmark, the LPC had to determine whether the additional floors were allowed to be developed, even though the proposed exterior design was similar to the original five floors. The LPC also had to approve a proposed fire stair in the side yard.Christopher GrayofThe New York Timessaid the addition "completely negates any suggestion that the building is any longer a mansion but it is in no way offensive".[25]

21st century

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After Banco di Napoli was acquired inSanpaolo IMI Bankin 2000, it placed the building for sale in 2001 for $28.5 million.[16]In late 2002, Italian fashion companyKitonbought the house for $25 million. The company's chairman Antonio de Matteis said that company officials had admired the house, which was visible from their office at the Aeolian Building across the street, for several years.[21]The company planned to use the first floor for men's clothing and the front of the second floor for women's clothing. while the rear of the second floor was to be used for custom-fitted menswear. The upper stories would be used for wholesaling, but Banco di Napoli had installed partition walls there, which Kiton planned to remove.[21]As of 2021,the building was still owned by Kiton.[60]

See also

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References

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Citations

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  1. ^ab"Federal Register: 44 Fed. Reg. 7107 (Feb. 6, 1979)"(PDF).Library of Congress.February 6, 1979. p. 7539.Archived(PDF)from the original on December 30, 2016.RetrievedMarch 8,2020.
  2. ^ab"4 East 54 Street, 10022".New York City Department of City Planning.Archivedfrom the original on May 15, 2021.RetrievedMarch 20,2020.
  3. ^abc"John Peirce Residence"(PDF).New York City Landmarks Preservation Commission.June 23, 2009. p. 2.Archived(PDF)from the original on June 10, 2021.RetrievedApril 28,2021.
  4. ^Stokes, Isaac Newton Phelps (1915)."The iconography of Manhattan Island, 1498–1909: compiled from original sources and illustrated by photo-intaglio reproductions of important maps, plans, views, and documents in public and private collections".p. 67 – via Internet Archive.
  5. ^Jackson, Kenneth T.,ed. (2010).The Encyclopedia of New York City(2nd ed.). New Haven:Yale University Press.p. 558.ISBN978-0-300-11465-2.
  6. ^Stern, Robert A. M.; Mellins, Thomas; Fishman, David (1999).New York 1880: Architecture and Urbanism in the Gilded Age.Monacelli Press. p. 578.ISBN978-1-58093-027-7.OCLC40698653.
  7. ^Atlas of the city of New York: embracing all territory within its corporate limits from official records, private plans & actual surveys.E. Robinson & R.H. Pidgeon. 1885. plate 21.Archivedfrom the original on June 11, 2021.RetrievedJune 11,2021– via NYPL Digital Collections.
  8. ^abLandmarks Preservation Commission 2016,p. 4.
  9. ^White, Norval;Willensky, Elliot; Leadon, Fran (2010).AIA Guide to New York City(5th ed.). New York: Oxford University Press. p. 333.ISBN978-0-19538-386-7.
  10. ^abcd"America-Israel Cultural Foundation"(PDF).New York City Landmarks Preservation Commission.January 11, 1967.Archived(PDF)from the original on May 13, 2021.RetrievedApril 28,2021.
  11. ^abStern, Robert A. M.; Gilmartin, Gregory; Massengale, John Montague (1983).New York 1900: Metropolitan Architecture and Urbanism, 1890–1915.New York: Rizzoli. p. 350.ISBN0-8478-0511-5.OCLC9829395.
  12. ^abcdefNational Park Service 1972,p. 2.
  13. ^abNational Park Service 1972,p. 4.
  14. ^abcSturgis, Russell (July 1900)."The Art Gallery of the New York Streets"(PDF).Architectural Record.Vol. 10. pp. 103, 105.Archived(PDF)from the original on July 19, 2020.RetrievedAugust 9,2021.
  15. ^abcdefghijTauranac 1985,p. 128.
  16. ^abcdHolusha, John (December 9, 2001)."Commercial Property/Midtown Manhattan; Town Houses Used by Foreign Banks Are for Sale".The New York Times.ISSN0362-4331.Archivedfrom the original on May 14, 2021.RetrievedMay 13,2021.
  17. ^ab"Conveyances".The Real Estate Record: Real Estate Record and Builders' Guide.Vol. 65, no. 1662. January 20, 1900. p. 109.Archivedfrom the original on May 14, 2021.RetrievedMay 15,2021– viacolumbia.edu.
  18. ^abcdFriedman, Charles (January 23, 1966)."A Mansion by Stanford White Is a U.S.-Israel Culture Center"(PDF).The New York Times.p. 260.ISSN0362-4331.RetrievedMay 14,2021.
  19. ^abLandmarks Preservation Commission 2016,p. 5.
  20. ^abcdSterne, Michael (August 20, 1976)."Exploring McKim's Manhattan".The New York Times.ISSN0362-4331.Archivedfrom the original on May 14, 2021.RetrievedMay 14,2021.
  21. ^abc"Postings: Kiton Buys Landmark 54th St. Mansion; Bespoke Tailor Supplants Bank".The New York Times.November 17, 2002.ISSN0362-4331.Archivedfrom the original on May 14, 2021.RetrievedMay 14,2021.
  22. ^abcdeTauranac 1985,p. 130.
  23. ^abTauranac 1985,pp. 128–130.
  24. ^Gray, Christopher(August 28, 2005)."A West Side Developer's Other Side".The New York Times.ISSN0362-4331.Archivedfrom the original on May 14, 2021.RetrievedMay 13,2021.
  25. ^abcdGray, Christopher(August 22, 1993)."Streetscapes: 4 East 54th Street; A Debit, or Added Interest?".The New York Times.ISSN0362-4331.Archivedfrom the original on May 13, 2021.RetrievedMay 13,2021.
  26. ^"Wedding of Miss Acosta; Married to W.E.D. Stokes by Archbishop Corrigan"(PDF).The New York Times.January 4, 1895. p. 9.ISSN0362-4331.RetrievedMay 13,2021.
  27. ^"Mr. and Mrs. W.E.D. Stokes Who Were Married This Afternoon".The Evening World.January 3, 1895. p. 1.Archivedfrom the original on May 14, 2021.RetrievedMay 13,2021– via newspapers.
  28. ^abc"Dwellings".The Real Estate Record: Real Estate Record and Builders' Guide.Vol. 61, no. 1578. June 11, 1898. pp. 1029, 1032.Archivedfrom the original on May 14, 2021.RetrievedMay 15,2021– viacolumbia.edu.
  29. ^ab"In the Real Estate Field".The New York Times.June 7, 1898. p. 10.ISSN0362-4331.Archivedfrom the original on May 14, 2021.RetrievedMay 14,2021– via newspapers.
  30. ^"What Society Is Doing".The Sun.October 16, 1898. p. 5.Archivedfrom the original on May 14, 2021.RetrievedMay 14,2021– via newspapers.
  31. ^Gaines, Steven (May 6, 2005)."The Ups and Downs of The Ansonia, The Building that Made the Upper West Side".New York Magazine.Archivedfrom the original on October 4, 2019.RetrievedMay 14,2021.
  32. ^"Stokes Divorce Decree Presented in Supreme Court by Mrs. Stokes's Counsel"(PDF).The New York Times.April 28, 1900.ISSN0362-4331.RetrievedOctober 26,2018.
  33. ^"Private Sales".The Sun.December 15, 1899. p. 11.Archivedfrom the original on May 14, 2021.RetrievedMay 14,2021– via newspapers.
  34. ^"In the Real Estate Field".The New York Times.December 15, 1899. p. 12.ISSN0362-4331.Archivedfrom the original on May 14, 2021.RetrievedMay 14,2021– via newspapers.
  35. ^"Real Estate Market".The Real Estate Record: Real Estate Record and Builders' Guide.Vol. 64, no. 1657. December 16, 1899. p. 927.Archivedfrom the original on May 14, 2021.RetrievedMay 15,2021– viacolumbia.edu.
  36. ^"Wall Street Watches Him.: W. H. Moore, Great Trust Promoter, Moves to New York".St. Louis Post-Dispatch.May 13, 1900. p. 6.ProQuest579533916.
  37. ^"Conveyances".The Real Estate Record: Real Estate Record and Builders' Guide.Vol. 67, no. 1732. May 25, 1901. p. 942.Archivedfrom the original on May 14, 2021.RetrievedMay 15,2021– viacolumbia.edu.
  38. ^"C. W. Harkness. Of Standard Oil, Dies"(PDF).The New York Times.May 2, 1916. p. 13.ISSN0362-4331.RetrievedMay 14,2021.
  39. ^"W. H. Moore, Financier and Sportsman, Dies".The Standard Union.January 12, 1923. p. 5.Archivedfrom the original on May 14, 2021.RetrievedMay 13,2021– via newspapers.
  40. ^"W.H. Moore, Lawyer and Horseman, Dies"(PDF).The New York Times.January 12, 1923. p. 15.ISSN0362-4331.RetrievedMay 14,2021.
  41. ^"Moore Estate to Family; Widow and Their Two Sons Share Equally"(PDF).The New York Times.January 18, 1923. p. 15.ISSN0362-4331.RetrievedMay 15,2021.
  42. ^"Pre-lenten Lectures.: First of Two Literary Talks to Be Given at Mrs. W.H. Moore's Home"(PDF).The New York Times.March 3, 1930. p. 25.ISSN0362-4331.RetrievedMay 15,2021.
  43. ^"Women Geographers Mrs. Moore's Guests: Slalvina Hoffman To Be Hon' ored at Tea Today".New York Herald Tribune.February 3, 1934. p. 9.ProQuest1240095131.
  44. ^"Party to Be Given by Mrs. W.H. Moore; Reception Tomorrow for Opera Singers Who Will Appear in 'Parsifal' for Charity"(PDF).The New York Times.March 8, 1936. p. 5.ISSN0362-4331.RetrievedMay 15,2021.
  45. ^"Mrs. William Moore, Patron of Arts, 96"(PDF).The New York Times.January 31, 1955. p. 19.ISSN0362-4331.RetrievedMay 14,2021.
  46. ^"Waxmans Buy Mansion As New Headquarters"(PDF).The New York Times.May 6, 1960. p. 50.ISSN0362-4331.RetrievedMay 14,2021.
  47. ^"Real Estate Notes".The New York Times.July 2, 1960. p. 27.ISSN0362-4331.ProQuest115206882.
  48. ^Spiegel, Irving (February 9, 1966)."Israel Arts Unit Opens New Home; Cultural Foundation Unveils Offices in Ex-mansion"(PDF).The New York Times.p. 35.ISSN0362-4331.RetrievedMay 15,2021.
  49. ^Knox, Sanka (May 21, 1968)."Show to Depict Land of the Bible; Antiquities Display Pays Tribute to Israel at 20"(PDF).The New York Times.p. 41.ISSN0362-4331.RetrievedMay 15,2021.
  50. ^"Batsheva Dancers' Debut to Aid America‐Israel Cultural Fund".The New York Times.December 1, 1970.ISSN0362-4331.Archivedfrom the original on May 15, 2021.RetrievedMay 15,2021.
  51. ^Shepard, Richard F. (November 23, 1977)."Photos: The Losers, 29 Years Later".The New York Times.ISSN0362-4331.Archivedfrom the original on May 15, 2021.RetrievedMay 15,2021.
  52. ^Ommerman, Betty (December 15, 1971). "The Wearing of the Old".Newsday.p. 14A.ProQuest917410730.
  53. ^"Deed; Grantor: America-Israel Cultural Foundation Inc.; Grantee: Famolare Inc".New York City Department of Finance; Office of the City Register. November 3, 1978.Archivedfrom the original on May 15, 2021.RetrievedMarch 24,2021.
  54. ^abDurso, Joseph (October 7, 1979)."Tax Law Lends Preservation a Hand".The New York Times.ISSN0362-4331.Archivedfrom the original on May 15, 2021.RetrievedMay 15,2021.
  55. ^Grant, Linda (October 22, 1980). "The Famous Get a Boot Out of Famolare Inc.: Famolare: Famous Are Fans".Los Angeles Times.p. f1.ProQuest162965376.
  56. ^"Deed; Grantor: Joseph P. Famolare Jr.; Grantee: Four East Fifty-fourth Street Associates".New York City Department of Finance; Office of the City Register. August 10, 1984.Archivedfrom the original on May 15, 2021.RetrievedMarch 24,2021.
  57. ^"Deed; Grantor: Four East Fifty-fourth Street Associates; Grantee: The Government of the Republic of Indonesia".New York City Department of Finance; Office of the City Register. May 3, 1985.Archivedfrom the original on May 15, 2021.RetrievedMarch 24,2021.
  58. ^Louie, Elaine (October 23, 1986)."Home Beat: Indonesian Furniture At a New Boutique".The New York Times.ISSN0362-4331.Archivedfrom the original on May 15, 2021.RetrievedMay 15,2021.
  59. ^"Postings: Italianate Town House; Banco di Napoli Buys Landmark".The New York Times.May 16, 1993.ISSN0362-4331.Archivedfrom the original on May 14, 2021.RetrievedMay 14,2021.
  60. ^"4 East 54th Street".TRD Research.March 14, 2019.Archivedfrom the original on May 15, 2021.RetrievedMay 15,2021.

Sources

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