William I, Duke of Bavaria

William I
Duke of Bavaria
Portrait byWillem Thibaut
Born	12 May 1330 Frankfurt,Holy Roman Empire
Died	15 April 1389 (aged 58) Le Quesnoy
Spouse	Maud, Countess of Leicester
House	Wittelsbach
Father	Louis IV, Holy Roman Emperor
Mother	Margaret II, Countess of Hainaut

William I,Duke of Bavaria-Straubing(Frankfurt am Main,12 May 1330 – 15 April 1389,Le Quesnoy), was the second son ofEmperor Louis IVandMargaret II of Hainaut.He was also known asWilliam V,Count of Holland,asWilliam III,Count of Hainautand asWilliam IV,Count of Zeeland.

Biography

In 1345 William's father was conferringHainaut,Holland,ZeelandandFrieslandupon his wife Margaret, and shortly later also upon their son William. After his father's death in 1347, William ruledBavaria,Holland and Hainaut together with his five brothers until 1349. With the first division of theWittelsbachpossessions in 1349 he received Hainaut, Holland andLower Bavariatogether with his brothersStephen IIandAlbert I.After the next division of Bavaria in 1353, he ruled together with his younger brother Albert I inBavaria-Straubing,Holland and Hainaut.

William had engaged in a long struggle with his mother Margaret, obtainingHollandandZeelandfrom her in 1354, andHainauton her death in 1356.

In 1350, the nobles of Holland asked Margaret to return to Holland again. She thenbattled for the powerin Holland and Hainaut for some years with her son William who refused to pay her alimony. The Cod league was formed on 23 May 1350 by a number of supporters of William. On 5 September the same year, the Hook league was formed. Soon afterwards, these factions clashed, and a civil war began.

Edward III of England,Margaret's brother-in-law through her sisterPhilippa of Hainault,came to her aid. In May 1351 William lost the navalBattle of Veere.A few weeks later, the Hooks and their English allies were defeated by William and the Cods in theBattle of Zwartewaal,which ruined Margaret's cause. Edward III shortly afterwards changed sides, and the empress saw herself compelled (1354) to come to an understanding with her son, he being recognized as count of Holland and Zeeland, she of Hainaut. Margaret died two years later, leaving William in possession of the entire Holland-Hainaut inheritance (July 1356). William was married to Matilda ( "Maud" in the English style) of Lancaster, sister toBlanche of Lancaster.

In 1357, William began to show signs ofinsanity,going so far as to attack and kill one of his knights (Gerard van Wateringe) for no apparent reason, before he could be restrained. His brother Albert assumed the regency in Holland and Hainaut in 1358. William was confined to Castle Le Quesnoy for the remainder of his life.

Family and children

Coats of Arms of the Counts of Hainaut and Holland of Wittelsbach family.

He marriedMatilda of Lancaster,daughter ofHenry of Grosmont, 1st Duke of LancasterandIsabel de Beaumontin London in 1352.They had only one daughter, who died in 1356.

Also, he had illegitimate children:

1. Wilhelm, married 1398 Lisbeth Hughe.
2. Elisabeth, married Brustijn van Herwijnen, lord ofStavenisse.

He was succeeded by his brotherAlbertin 1389.

See also

• Counts of Hainaut family tree