Wolio language
| Wolio | |
|---|---|
| Region | Sulawesi |
Native speakers | 65,000 (2004)[1] |
| Buri Wolio(Arabic script) | |
| Language codes | |
| ISO 639-3 | wlo |
| Glottolog | woli1241 |
Woliois anAustronesian languagespoken in and aroundBaubauonButon Island,Southeast Sulawesi,Indonesia.It belongs to theWotu–Woliobranch of theCelebicsubgroup.[2][3]Also known asButon,it is a trade language and the former court language of the Sultan at Baubau. Today it is an official regional language; street signs are written in theBuri WolioAlpha bet, based on the Arabic script.
Phonology[edit]
The five vowels are/ieaou/.The consonant system is characterized by the presence ofprenasalized stops,which are treated as a single sound in Wolio.[4]
| Labial | Alveolar | Palatal | Velar | Glottal | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nasal | m | n | ɲ | ŋ | |||
| Plosive | voiceless | plain | p | t | c | k | ʔ |
| prenasalized | ᵐp | ⁿt | ᶮc | ᵑk | |||
| voiced | plain | b | d | ɟ | g | ||
| prenasalized | ᵐb | ⁿd | ᶮɟ | ᵑg | |||
| implosive | ɓ | ɗ | |||||
| Fricative | voiceless | f | s | h | |||
| voiced | v | ||||||
| Trill | r | ||||||
| Lateral | l | ||||||
/b,d,f/are found inloans,mostly fromArabic.[5]
Stress is on the penultimate syllable, and onlyopen syllablesare allowed.[6]
Grammar[edit]
Wolio personal pronouns have one independent form, and three bound forms.[7]
| independent | actor | object | possessive | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1.sg. | iaku | ku- | -aku | -ngku |
| 1.pl. incl. | ingkita | ta- | -kita | -ta |
| 1.pl. excl. | ingkami | ta- | -kami | -mami |
| 2.sg. | ingkoo | u- | -ko | -mu |
| 2.pl. | ingkomiu | u- | -komiu | -miu |
| 3. | incia | a- | -a/-ia | -na |
Number is not distinguished in third person. Optionally, plural number can be expressed by means of the plural-markermanga:manga incia'they'.[8]
See also[edit]
References[edit]
- ^WolioatEthnologue(18th ed., 2015)(subscription required)
- ^Donohue (2004),p. 33.
- ^Mead (2003),p. 135.
- ^Anceaux (1988),pp. 4–5.
- ^Anceaux (1988),p. 6.
- ^Anceaux (1988),p. 9.
- ^Anceaux (1988),pp. 25, 27, 34, 36, 42.
- ^Anceaux (1988),p. 36.
Bibliography[edit]
- Anceaux, Johannes Cornelis(1988).The Wolio Language.Leiden: Brill.doi:10.1163/9789004286320.
- Donohue, Mark (2004). "The pretenders to the Muna-Buton group". In Bowden, J.; Himmelmann, N. (eds.).Papers in Austronesian subgrouping and dialectology.Pacific Linguistics 563. Canberra: Australian National University. pp. 21–36.doi:10.15144/PL-563.21.hdl:1885/146183.
- Mead, David (2003). "Evidence for a Celebic supergroup". In Lynch, John (ed.).Issues in Austronesian historical phonology.Pacific Linguistics 550. Canberra: Australian National University. pp. 115–141.doi:10.15144/PL-550.115.hdl:1885/146173.
Further reading[edit]
- Wolio - Indonesian Dictionaryhttps://repositori.kemdikbud.go.id/2958/1/kamus%20wolio%20indonesia%20%20%20%20%20205.pdf(Archive)
- Mead, David; Smith, Joanna. "The voice systems of Wotu, Barang-barang and Wolio: Synchronic and diachronic perspectives". In Malcolm D. Ross; I Wayan Arka (eds.).Language Change in Austronesian languages: papers from 12-ICAL, Volume 3.Asia-Pacific linguistics 018 / Studies on Austronesian languages 004. pp. 51–78.hdl:1885/13386.
- van den Berg, René (2008). "Notes on the historical phonology and classification of Wolio". In Yury A. Lander; Alexander K. Ogloblin (eds.).Language and Text in the Austronesian World: Studies in honor of Ülo Sirk.München: Lincom. pp. 89–113.
