Two Qiaos
Da Qiao Đại kiều | |
|---|---|
 AQing dynastyblock print of Da Qiao and Xiao Qiao | |
| Born | Unknown |
| Died | Unknown |
| Spouse | Sun Ce |
| Father | Lord Qiao |
| Relatives | Xiao Qiao (sister) |
Xiao Qiao Tiểu kiều | |
|---|---|
| Born | Unknown |
| Died | Unknown |
| Spouse | Zhou Yu |
| Father | Lord Qiao |
| Relatives | Da Qiao (sister) |
| Two Qiaos | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Da Qiao | |||||||||
| Traditional Chinese | Đại kiều | ||||||||
| Simplified Chinese | Đại kiều | ||||||||
| Literal meaning | Older Qiao | ||||||||
| |||||||||
| Xiao Qiao | |||||||||
| Traditional Chinese | Tiểu kiều | ||||||||
| Simplified Chinese | Tiểu kiều | ||||||||
| Literal meaning | Younger Qiao | ||||||||
| |||||||||
TheTwo Qiaos of Jiangdong(traditional Chinese:Giang Đông nhị kiều;simplified Chinese:Giang Đông nhị kiều;pinyin:Jiāngdōng èr Qiáo) were two sisters of theQiaofamily who lived during the lateEastern Han dynastyof China. In ahistorical tales, the two Qiaos were sisters of exceptional beauty who were the pivot to theBattle of Chibi,one of the most impactful battles of the pre-Three Kingdoms period.[1]Cao Cao,Chancellor of the Eastern Han dynasty, was described to be interested in having the two sisters, to the point that his intentions were evident in his son's poem "Ode to theBronze Sparrow Platform"( Đồng Tước đài phú ); consequently leadingZhou Yuof Jiangdong to go to war with Cao Cao.[2]
In historical records
[edit]The Qiao sisters' names were not recorded in history, so in later times they are simply referred to asDa Qiao(literally "older Qiao" ) andXiao Qiao(literally "younger Qiao" ). They were from Wan County ( hoàn huyện ), Lu gian g Commandery ( Lư Giang quận ), which is in present-dayAnqing,Anhui.Da Qiao married the warlordSun Ce,who established the foundation of the state ofEastern Wuduring theThree Kingdomsperiod. Xiao Qiao marriedZhou Yu,a general who served under Sun Ce and later, under his successor,Sun Quan.[3]Sun Ce jokingly told Zhou Yu: "Although Elder Qiao's daughters are exceptionally beautiful, with us as their husbands, it should be a happy enough match."[4]
InRomance of the Three Kingdoms
[edit]The Qiao sisters are featured as characters in the 14th-century historical novel,Romance of the Three Kingdoms,which romanticises the historical events before and during theThree Kingdomsperiod. In the novel, the Chinese character for "Qiao" in their names, kiều / kiều, is replaced with kiều / kiều.
In the novel, the Qiao sisters are the daughters of a certainQiao Guolao( kiều quốc lão; literally "State Elder Qiao" ), possibly referring toQiao Xuan.Zhou Yu's biography in the third-century historical text,Records of the Three Kingdoms,did not mention the name of the Qiao sisters' father, who was simply referred to asQiao Gong( kiều công; literally "Elder Qiao" or "Lord Qiao" ). Historically, Qiao Xuan died in 184,[5]while the Qiao sisters married Sun Ce and Zhou Yu around 199,[3][6]so it was not possible that Qiao Xuan was still living when the marriages took place. Therefore, it is highly unlikely that Qiao Xuan was the "Qiao Gong" mentioned in Zhou Yu's biography.
In Chapter 44 of the novel,Zhuge LiangtellsZhou YuthatCao Cao's desire to have the Two Qiaos for himself is evident in "Ode to theBronze Sparrow Platform"( Đồng Tước đài phú ), a poem written by Cao Cao's son,Cao Zhi.Zhuge Liang recites an altered version of the poem with added verses:[7]
Lập song đài với tả hữu hề |
The two towers rise, one on either flank, |
| —translated by C.H. Brewitt-Taylor[8] |
An enraged Zhou Yu then hardens his decision to convinceSun Quanto ally withLiu Beiagainst Cao Cao, then prevailing over the latter in the Battle of Chibi. Historically, the battle predates the terrace by two years, and Cao Zhi's poem was written two years after Zhou Yu's death. Nonetheless, the story of the Bronze Bird Terrace and the Qiao sisters in the popular tradition aroused people's imagination for generations.[9]
In Chinese opera
[edit]In the operaFenghuang Er Qiao,addresses Xiao Qiao as "Qiao Ching" and Da Qiao as "Qiao Wan", both ladies are skilled in martial arts. Sun Ce was the protagonist of this opera, he borrows 3,000 troops fromYuan Shuand allies with the Qiao army, which is led by the Two Qiaos. The Qiao's father starts a competition for Zhou Yu and Sun Ce to prove they are worthy of marrying them, the Qiao sisters engage in battles with their future husbands. Sun Ce eventually gains Da Qiao's hand in marriage through a martial arts contest with the help of Zhou Yu and Xiao Qiao.
In popular culture
[edit]Films and TV Series
[edit]Taiwanese supermodelLin Chi-lingstarred as Xiao Qiao in the 2008 Chinese epic war film,Red Cliff,directed byJohn Woo.In the film, it is surmised that Cao Cao's infatuation with Xiao Qiao is the reason why he invaded Sun Quan's lands and initiated the battle. Chinese actressHuang Yiportrayed Xiao Qiao inJust Another Pandora's Box,a spoof ofRed Cliff.
Cai Hancen andTsai Yi-chenportrayed Da Qiao and Xiao Qiao, respectively, in the 2009 Taiwanese television series,K.O.3an Guo,a spoof ofRomance of the Three Kingdomsin a modern high school setting.
Chinese actressesLiu JingandZhao Keportrayed Da Qiao and Xiao Qiao, respectively, in the 2010 Chinese television series,Three Kingdoms.
Games
[edit]The Qiao sisters are featured as playable characters inKoei'sDynasty WarriorsandWarriors Orochivideo game series. The animeKoihime MusōandIkki Tousenmake references to Da Qiao and Xiao Qiao as well, in which they are known by their respective names in Japanese – Daikyō and Shōkyō.
The Two Qiaos are featured inSega'sTotal War: Three Kingdomsafter 19 March 2020, when the developerCreative Assemblyreleased a DLC under the title ofA World Betrayed,which gives the Two Qiao official portraits and 3D models with unique abilities.
The Qiaos are featured as "gods" in the Japanese mobile gamePuzzle & Dragons,as part of the Three Kingdoms God series.[10]
See also
[edit]References
[edit]- ^Sanguo Yanyich. 44.
- ^Tsao 2020,p. 52.
- ^ab( khoảnh chi, sách dục lấy Kinh Châu, lấy du vì trung hộ quân, hoa tiêu đường sông hạ thái thú, từ công hoàn, rút chi. Khi đến kiều công hai nàng, toàn quốc sắc cũng. Sách tự nạp đại kiều, du nạp tiểu kiều. )Sanguozhivol. 54.
- ^( khu vực phía nam Trường Giang truyền rằng: Sách thong dong diễn du rằng: “Kiều công nhị nữ tuy lưu ly, đến ngô hai người làm tế, cũng đủ vì hoan.” )Jiang Biao Zhuanannotation inSanguozhivol. 54.
- ^([ kiều ] huyền lấy quang cùng 6 năm tốt, khi năm 75. )Houhanshuvol. 51.
- ^Sima (1084),vol. 63.
- ^Tian 2018,p. 331.
- ^Brewitt-Taylor & Luo 1925,chpt.44.Six more lines were added to the end of the poem, omitted here.
- ^Tsao 2020,p. 53.
- ^"Da Qiao & Xiao Qiao stats, skills, evolution, location - Puzzle & Dragons Database".puzzledragonx.
- Brewitt-Taylor, C. H.;Luo, Guanzhong(1925)."Romance of Three Kingdoms (based on a 1925 translation, with modernized names, corrections, and notes)".threekingdoms.Archived fromthe originalon 2022-04-09.Retrieved2021-02-02.
- Chen, Shou(3rd century).Records of the Three Kingdoms(Sanguozhi).
- Fan, Ye(5th century).Book of the Later Han(Houhanshu).
- Luo, Guanzhong(14th century).Romance of the Three Kingdoms(Sanguo Yanyi).
- Pei, Songzhi(5th century).Annotations to Records of the Three Kingdoms(Sanguozhi zhu).
- Sima, Guang(1084).Zizhi Tong gian.
- Tian, Xiaofei (2018).The Halberd at Red Cliff: Jian'an and the Three Kingdoms.Cambridge, Massachusetts:Harvard University Asia Center.ISBN978-1-68417-092-0.OCLC1153560051.
- Tsao, Joanne (2020).The city of Ye in the Chinese literary landscape.Leiden Boston: Brill.ISBN978-90-04-42014-4.OCLC1141200097.