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Yamaha YA-1

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1955 Yamaha YA-1
Yamaha YA-1 on display at Yamaha Communication Plaza in Iwata, Shizuoka, Japan
ManufacturerNippon Gakki Co., Ltd.[1]
Also calledYamaha 125[1]
Production1955—1958[2]
AssemblyHamakita, Shizuoka, Japan[3]
PredecessorDKW RT125[4]
SuccessorYamaha YC-1[1]
ClassOn-road sports bike[1]
Engine123 cm3(7.5 cu in)2-stroke,air-cooled,single-cylinder[1]
Bore/stroke52 mm × 58 mm (2.0 in × 2.3 in)[1]
Power4.1 kW (5.5 hp) at 5000 rpm[2]
Torque9.4 N⋅m (6.9 lbf⋅ft) at 3300 rpm[2]
Ignition typeDynamo[1]
TransmissionManual 4-speed[1]
SuspensionF: Coil spring, R: Coil spring[1]
TiresF: 2.75-19-2P, R: 2.75-19-4P[1]
Wheelbase1,290 mm (51 in)[1]
DimensionsL:1,980 mm (78 in)
W:660 mm (26 in)
H:925 mm (36.4 in)[1]
Weight94 kg (207 lb)[2](dry)
Fuel capacity9.5 L (2.1 imp gal; 2.5 US gal)[1]

TheYamaha YA-1is the firstmotorcycleproduced by theYamaha Motor Company.It was made from 1955 to 1958.[5]This was also the first vehicle in Japan to have a primarykick startsystem (allowing the engine to be started with the transmission in gear). TheSociety of Automotive Engineers of Japan(in Japanese),includes the 1955 Yamaha 125YA-1 as one of their240 Landmarks of Japanese Automotive Technology.[1]

Background

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Yamaha YA-1 at theTokyo Motor Showin 2005

In the early-1950s, Yamaha had to replace its musical instrument factories as they were severely damaged during the war. Yamaha was also facing the industrial conversion of factorymachine toolsthat had been used during thewarfor the production of fuel tanks, wing parts, and propellers for aircraft of theImperial Japanese Navy,such as theMitsubishi A6M Zerofighter.[6][7]

As in European countries, the motorcycle had become a widespread means of transportation in Japan after World War II due to ease of production and economy of purchase and use. Japanese motorcycle production increased from 10,000 units in 1950 to 750,000 in 1954, with over 100 domestic manufacturers.

Due to the strong expansion of the market, Yamaha Motor Co. decided to convert to the production of motorcycles, and found in the beginning the need to grapple with high specifications, for customers with elite, rather narrow needs, especially in view of the reduced number of production potential.

The Red Dragonfly

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In January 1955, Nippon Gakki's (Japan Instrument) Hamana Factory inHamakitawas ready to begin production of the YA-1, and the first bikes were delivered to dealers in February.[8]This new motorcycle had been heavily influenced by the contemporaryDKWmodelRT125,and like the DKW was driven by a 125 cctwo-stroke,single cylinder engine,but the YA-1 designers paid particular attention to materials, assembly, and engineering upgrades, such as going from a three-speed to a four-speed transmission. With confidence in the new direction thatGenichi Kawakamiwas taking, Nippon Gakki founded Yamaha Motor Co., Ltd. on July 1, 1955, and made Kawakami the new company's first president. Staffed by 275 employees, the new motorcycle manufacturer built about 200 units per month by the end of 1955.[4][6][9]

That same year, Yamaha entered its new YA-1 in the two biggest race events in Japan. They were the 3rdMt. FujiAscent Race held in July 1955, and the 1st Asama Highlands Race in November. In these debut races, Yamaha won the 125 cc class.[10][11]

The following year, the YA-1 won again in both the Light and Ultra-light classes of theAsama HighlandsRace. The YA-1 soon established a reputation as a high-quality and reliable machine, which Japanese enthusiasts affectionately nicknamed theAka-tombo(Xích トンボ,"Red Dragonfly" )for its slender shape and elegant chestnut red finish. Outstanding race performance had made the YA-1 much more desirable, in spite of its price of ¥138,000 in 1955 (for comparison, a male college graduate's starting salary was ¥10,780 on average).[2][9]

Thanks to the popularity of the YA-1, aYB-1model with a 4 cc larger displacement (allowing the engine to run slower) was produced later in 1955.[12]A genuine successor to the YA-1, the 175 ccYC-1was being produced by April 1956.[3]

Primary starting system

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The YA-1 was the first Japanese motorcycle to take advantage of a primary starting mechanism.[1]

Previously, motorcycles with a non-primary starting system used thetransmissioninput shaft and clutch hub to connect the kick-start lever tocrankshaft.[13]It was thus necessary for the rider to first put the transmission into neutral, and then to engage theclutchbefore the starting the engine by pushing down on the kick-start lever. With its primary starting system, the YA-1 engine is equipped with a mechanism in which the primary driven gear is turned by means of a kickidling gearand kickpinion.This enables the rider to simply pull the clutch lever on the handlebar (i.e., disengage the clutch) and then to kick-start engine, regardless of whether the transmission is in neutral or in (any) gear. This mechanism is now the established kick start system for motorcycles worldwide.[1]

Yamaha Y125 Moegi concept bike

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Yamaha Y125 Moegi concept bike, 2011 Tokyo Motor Show

The 2011Tokyo Motor Showincluded aretrofuturisticconcept motorcycle from Yamaha, designed along the lines of the 1955 YA-1.[14]TheY125 Moegiis powered by an air-cooled 125cc single-cylinder engine (although this new engine is anSOHCfour-stroke) sitting in an aluminum frame for a claimed weight of just 80 kilograms (180 pounds), which makes theMoegi(Manh hoàng,"Light Green" )significantly lighter than the YA-1 was. The Moegi uses a low-maintenancebeltfinal drive and rides on 20-inch wheels.[15][16]

The modified engine is based on the power plant of theYBR125and Yamaha claims a fuel consumption of 80 km/L (230 mpg‑imp;190 mpg‑US) for the Y125 Moegi, making it efficient personal transportation in urban environments.[17][18]

See also

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References

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  1. ^abcdefghijklmnop"Yamaha 125YA-1".240 Landmarks of Japanese Automotive Technology.Society of Automotive Engineers of Japan, Inc.Retrieved12 August2013.This model was Yamaha's first motorcycle and the starting point for Yamaha Motor Co. Ltd.
  2. ^abcde"1955 YA-1".Communication Plaza Collection.Yamaha Motor Co., Ltd.Retrieved17 August2013.This was Yamaha Motor's first motorcycle.
  3. ^ab"Paving the Road to Yamaha Motor Corporation, USA".Yamaha Founding History.Yamaha Motor Corporation, USA.Retrieved16 August2013.The bike was powered by an air-cooled, 2-stroke, single cylinder 125cc engine. Once finished, it was put through an unprecedented 10,000 km endurance test to ensure that its quality was top-class.
  4. ^ab"Yamaha YA-1 125 ccm 1955".Classicyams.Remko Visser.Retrieved16 August2013.There was great originality in the shapes of the pedals for gears, kick-starter, and brakes, which were designed with artistic curves. These design characteristics made the motorcycle more than merely a copy of a European motorcycle.
  5. ^Yamaha Motorcycle Design Page 1 of 8
  6. ^abWalker, Mick(Nov 1, 2002).Mick Walker's Japanese Grand Prix Racing Motorcycles.Redline Books. pp. 153–154.ISBN0-9531311-8-1.RetrievedJuly 28,2012.
  7. ^"Yamaha Corporation History".Company Histories.FundingUniverse.Retrieved17 August2013.Nippon Gakki already had experience with wooden aircraft parts dating back to 1920, but wartime activity exposed the company to new technologies.
  8. ^"125 YA-1 (1955)".Yamaha Community(in French). Yamaha Motor France.Retrieved18 August2013.
  9. ^abAlexander, Jeffrey W. (Jan 31, 2009).Japan's Motorcycle Wars: An Industry History.UBC Press. pp. 151–154.ISBN978-0-7748-1454-6.RetrievedJuly 28,2012.
  10. ^"It all began here. Conquering the Mount Fuji Ascent Race".50 YEARS OF WGP.Yamaha Motor Co., Ltd.Retrieved17 August2013.It wasn't a matter of remaking the YA-1 into a race machine, however, because the Mount Fuji Ascent Race was one for production models and the regulation left little room for modifications.
  11. ^"History of the Yamaha Motor Group"(PDF).Annual Report 2011.Yamaha Motor Co., Ltd. 1 May 2012.Retrieved17 August2013.
  12. ^"125 YB-1 (1955)".Yamaha Community(in French). Yamaha Motor France.Retrieved17 August2013.
  13. ^"non-primary kickstart".TermWiki.CSOFT International, Ltd.Retrieved17 August2013.
  14. ^Grahame, James (26 February 2012)."Yamaha Returns To Their Roots With The Y125 Moegi".Retro Thing.James Grahame & Bohuš Blahut.Retrieved16 August2013.The Moegi looks more like a classic bicycle than most scooters, but its decidedly high-tech from the handlebars to the tires.
  15. ^Ben (7 December 2011)."Yamaha Y125 Moegi is your retro 1955 YA-1 motorcycle".Japanese Nostalgic Car.Japanese Nostalgic Car, LLC.Retrieved16 August2013.The YA-1 was Nippon Gakki's (later Yamaha) first motorcycle. Like the Moegi, it had a single, 125cc cylinder, albeit a two-stroke.
  16. ^Ulrich, Lawrence (21 February 2012)."The Yamaha Moegi Demonstrates The Future of Fuel Efficiency".Popular Science.Retrieved16 August2013.Like the original YA-1, the Moegi runs on an air-cooled, 125-cc engine, which connects to the bike's 20-inch rear wheel with a simple belt drive.
  17. ^Rians (19 February 2012)."The Future of Fuel Efficiency motorcycle from Yamaha".The President Post.Archived from the original on September 27, 2013.Retrieved16 August2013.They based it on the company's first motorcycle, the 1955 125-cc YA-1, but they also included some modern touches, in particular an ultralight frame and a new cylinder design that could help make the Moegi one of the lightest and most fuel-efficient motorcycles ever.{{cite news}}:CS1 maint: unfit URL (link)
  18. ^Hanlon, Mike (30 November 2011)."Yamaha shows retro lightweight 125cc motorcycle that gets 220 mpg".Gizmag.Retrieved16 August2013.Though the YA-1 was itself a copy of the German DKW RT125 and was powered by a two-stroke engine, I am certain readers will agree the Yamaha concept has faithfully updated the YA-1.
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