Yelets
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Yelets
Елец | |
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 Flag  Coat of arms | |
Location of Yelets  | |
  Yelets Location of Yelets  Yelets Yelets (Lipetsk Oblast) | |
| Coordinates:52°37′00″N38°28′00″E/ 52.61667°N 38.46667°E | |
| Country | Russia |
| Federal subject | Lipetsk Oblast[1] |
| First mentioned | 1146 |
| Government | |
| • Head | Evgeny Borovskikh |
| Elevation | 140 m (460 ft) |
| Population | |
| • Total | 108,404 |
| • Rank | 151stin 2010 |
| •Subordinated to | YeletsCity Under Oblast Jurisdiction[1] |
| •Capitalof | Yeletsky District,[1]Yelets City Under Oblast Jurisdiction[1] |
| •Urban okrug | Yelets Urban Okrug[3] |
| •Capitalof | Yelets Urban Okrug,[3]Yeletsky Municipal District[3] |
| Time zone | UTC+3(MSK [4]) |
| Postal code(s)[5] | 399770—399788 |
| Dialing code(s) | +7 47467 |
| OKTMOID | 42715000001 |
| Website | elets-adm |
YeletsorElets(Russian:Елец) is acityinLipetsk Oblast,Russia,situated on theBystraya Sosna River,which is a tributary of theDon.Population:99,875 (2021 Census);[6]108,404 (2010 Russian census);[2]116,726 (2002 Census);[7]120,261 (1989 Soviet census).[8]
History
[edit]Yelets is the oldest center of theCentral Black Earth Region.It was mentioned in historical documents as early as 1146 or 1147, when it was a fort belonging to the princes ofRyazan.[9]The town's position at the very south of the Russian lands made it an easy prey for Turkic conquerors. TheMongolsburned it in 1239,[9]Uzbeg Khanravaged it in 1316,Timursacked it in 1395,[10]and theTatarsdevastated it in 1414.[11]
In 1483, the Principality of Yelets was absorbed by theGrand Duchy of Moscow,while the localRurikidrulers (last heard of in the 19th century) entered the service ofIvan III.In 1591,Boris Godunovrevived the largely deserted town by establishing a fortress there. In 1618, the fortress was captured "by subterfuge" by 20,000CossacksunderPetro Konashevych-Sahaidachny,allied withWładysław IVofPoland.They dismantled a large part of town fortifications.
In the 19th century, Yelets became the largest trade center of the region. Handmadelacehas been a notable product of the city since then; other important industries are grain milling and the manufacture of machinery. The town's chief landmark is the vast Ascension Cathedral, built over the years 1845–1889 to a Neo-Muscovite design byKonstantin Thon.The town was occupied by theGerman Armyfrom December 4 to 9, 1941 and damaged during the brief occupation and Soviet offensive in the region.
Geography
[edit]The city is situated on the Bystraya Sosna River, which is a tributary of the Don.
Climate
[edit]| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Record high °C (°F) | 7.3 (45.1) |
9.3 (48.7) |
21.6 (70.9) |
29.0 (84.2) |
36.1 (97.0) |
37.8 (100.0) |
38.7 (101.7) |
41.1 (106.0) |
34.8 (94.6) |
25.0 (77.0) |
18.1 (64.6) |
11.2 (52.2) |
41.1 (106.0) |
| Mean daily maximum °C (°F) | −3.8 (25.2) |
−3.1 (26.4) |
2.9 (37.2) |
13.8 (56.8) |
21.4 (70.5) |
24.6 (76.3) |
26.7 (80.1) |
25.8 (78.4) |
19.2 (66.6) |
10.9 (51.6) |
2.4 (36.3) |
−2.3 (27.9) |
11.5 (52.7) |
| Daily mean °C (°F) | −6.6 (20.1) |
−6.4 (20.5) |
−1.2 (29.8) |
7.8 (46.0) |
14.9 (58.8) |
18.4 (65.1) |
20.5 (68.9) |
19.0 (66.2) |
13.2 (55.8) |
6.7 (44.1) |
−0.3 (31.5) |
−4.8 (23.4) |
6.8 (44.2) |
| Mean daily minimum °C (°F) | −9.2 (15.4) |
−9.3 (15.3) |
−4.4 (24.1) |
2.9 (37.2) |
9.0 (48.2) |
12.8 (55.0) |
14.8 (58.6) |
13.2 (55.8) |
8.5 (47.3) |
3.4 (38.1) |
−2.5 (27.5) |
−7.3 (18.9) |
2.7 (36.9) |
| Record low °C (°F) | −36.6 (−33.9) |
−37.8 (−36.0) |
−32.2 (−26.0) |
−16.1 (3.0) |
−3.8 (25.2) |
0.0 (32.0) |
2.3 (36.1) |
1.8 (35.2) |
−6.1 (21.0) |
−12.8 (9.0) |
−25.9 (−14.6) |
−35.0 (−31.0) |
−37.8 (−36.0) |
| Averageprecipitationmm (inches) | 43 (1.7) |
38 (1.5) |
32 (1.3) |
36 (1.4) |
47 (1.9) |
62 (2.4) |
68 (2.7) |
55 (2.2) |
45 (1.8) |
53 (2.1) |
38 (1.5) |
39 (1.5) |
556 (21.9) |
| Average extreme snow depth cm (inches) | 16 (6.3) |
24 (9.4) |
18 (7.1) |
1 (0.4) |
0 (0) |
0 (0) |
0 (0) |
0 (0) |
0 (0) |
0 (0) |
2 (0.8) |
9 (3.5) |
70 (28) |
| Average rainy days | 7 | 6 | 7 | 13 | 14 | 16 | 15 | 11 | 13 | 14 | 12 | 8 | 136 |
| Average snowy days | 24 | 21 | 14 | 4 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0.2 | 3 | 13 | 22 | 102 |
| Averagerelative humidity(%) | 84 | 82 | 79 | 68 | 61 | 68 | 70 | 69 | 75 | 81 | 86 | 85 | 76 |
| Source: Погода и Климат[12] | |||||||||||||
Administrative and municipal status
[edit]Within theframework of administrative divisions,Yelets serves as theadministrative centerofYeletsky District,even though it is not a part of it.[1]As an administrative division, it is incorporated asYeletsCity Under Oblast Jurisdiction—an administrative unit with a status equal to that of thedistricts.[1]As amunicipal division,Yelets City Under Oblast Jurisdiction is incorporated asYelets Urban Okrug.[3]
Economy and transportation
[edit]
The city is connected toMoscow,Lipetsk,Oryol,andRostovby rail and theM4 highwayruns past it.
The main industries are limestone quarrying, engineering, food processing, textiles and clothing (Yelets Lace), tobacco processing, and vodka distilling.
Culture and education
[edit]The city has a theatre, cinemas, and several sports venues.
The Yelets State University was upgraded from an institute in 2000 and the city has eight secondary schools.
Notable people
[edit]- Iulia Dombrovskaia,pediatrician born in Yelets in 1891.
- Tikhon Khrennikov,composer and administrator born in Yelets in 1913.
References
[edit]Notes
[edit]- ^abcdefgLaw #382-OZ
- ^abRussian Federal State Statistics Service (2011).Всероссийская перепись населения 2010 года. Том 1[2010 All-Russian Population Census, vol. 1].Всероссийская перепись населения 2010 года [2010 All-Russia Population Census](in Russian).Federal State Statistics Service.
- ^abcdLaw #536-OZ
- ^"Об исчислении времени".Официальный интернет-портал правовой информации(in Russian). June 3, 2011.RetrievedJanuary 19,2019.
- ^Почта России. Информационно-вычислительный центр ОАСУ РПО. (Russian Post).Поиск объектов почтовой связи(Postal Objects Search)(in Russian)
- ^Russian Federal State Statistics Service.Всероссийская перепись населения 2020 года. Том 1[2020 All-Russian Population Census, vol. 1](XLS)(in Russian).Federal State Statistics Service.
- ^Federal State Statistics Service(May 21, 2004).Численность населения России, субъектов Российской Федерации в составе федеральных округов, районов, городских поселений, сельских населённых пунктов – районных центров и сельских населённых пунктов с населением 3 тысячи и более человек[Population of Russia, Its Federal Districts, Federal Subjects, Districts, Urban Localities, Rural Localities—Administrative Centers, and Rural Localities with Population of Over 3,000](XLS).Всероссийская перепись населения 2002 года [All-Russia Population Census of 2002](in Russian).
- ^Всесоюзная перепись населения 1989 г. Численность наличного населения союзных и автономных республик, автономных областей и округов, краёв, областей, районов, городских поселений и сёл-райцентров[All Union Population Census of 1989: Present Population of Union and Autonomous Republics, Autonomous Oblasts and Okrugs, Krais, Oblasts, Districts, Urban Settlements, and Villages Serving as District Administrative Centers].Всесоюзная перепись населения 1989 года [All-Union Population Census of 1989](in Russian). Институт демографии Национального исследовательского университета: Высшая школа экономики [Institute of Demography at the National Research University: Higher School of Economics]. 1989 – viaDemoscope Weekly.
- ^abChisholm, Hugh,ed. (1911)..Encyclopædia Britannica.Vol. 9 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 262.
- ^Auty, Robert; Obolensky, Dimitri (1976).Companion to Russian Studies: Volume 1: An Introduction to Russian History.Cambridge University Press. p. 88.ISBN978-0-521-28038-9.
- ^The New Encyclopaedia Britannica.Encyclopaedia Britannica. 2003. p. 831.ISBN978-0-85229-961-6.
- ^"Климатические таблицы. Данные для Ельца".Погода и Климат.RetrievedFebruary 16,2022.
Sources
[edit]- Липецкий областной Совет депутатов. Закон №382-ОЗ от 28 апреля 2010 г. «Об административно-территориальном устройстве Липецкой области и порядке его изменения», в ред. Закона №343-ОЗ от 5 декабря 2014 г. «О внесении изменений в некоторые Законы Липецкой области в связи с объединением сельских поселений Добринский сельсовет и Сафоновский сельсовет Добринского муниципального района Липецкой области». Вступил в силу по истечении 10 дней со дня официального опубликования. Опубликован: "Липецкая газета", №88, 7 мая 2010 г.(Lipetsk Oblast Council of Deputies. Law #382-OZ of April 28, 2010On the Administrative-Territorial Structure of Lipetsk Oblast and on the Procedures for Its Change,as amended by the Law #343-OZ of December 5, 2014On Amending Various Laws of Lipetsk Oblast Due to the Merger of the Rural Settlements of Dobrinsky Selsoviet and Safonovsky Selsoviet in Dobrinsky Municipal District of Lipetsk Oblast.Effective as of the day which is 10 days after the day of the official publication.).
- Липецкий областной Совет депутатов. Закон №114-ОЗ от 2 июля 2004 г. «О наделении муниципальных образований в Липецкой области статусом городского округа, муниципального района, городского и сельского поселения», в ред. Закона №343-ОЗ от 5 декабря 2014 г. «О внесении изменений в некоторые Законы Липецкой области в связи с объединением сельских поселений Добринский сельсовет и Сафоновский сельсовет Добринского муниципального района Липецкой области». Вступил в силу со дня официального опубликования. Опубликован: "Липецкая газета", №131, 8 июля 2004 г.(Lipetsk Oblast Council of Deputies. Law #536-OZ of August 18, 2011On Granting Urban Okrug, Municipal District, Urban and Rural Settlement Status to the Municipal Formations of Lipetsk Oblast,as amended by the Law #343-OZ of December 5, 2014On Amending Various Laws of Lipetsk Oblast Due to the Merger of the Rural Settlements of Dobrinsky Selsoviet and Safonovsky Selsoviet in Dobrinsky Municipal District of Lipetsk Oblast.Effective as of the day of the official publication.).
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