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Shaozhou Tuhua

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
(Redirected fromYuebei Tuhua)
Shaozhou Tuhua
Shaozhou Tuhua, Yuebei Tuhua
Shipo, Shina
Native toChina
RegionShaoguan,Guangdong
EthnicityChinese,Yao
Native speakers
(undated figure of 1 million)[1]
Sino-Tibetan
Latin,Chinese,Nüshu[citation needed]
Language codes
ISO 639-3None(mis)
ISO 639-6sazo
Glottologquji1234
Linguasphere79-AAA-ph including 8 varieties: 79-AAA-pha... 79-AAA-phh

Shaozhou Tuhua(traditional: Thiều Châu thổ ngữ; simplified: Thiều Châu thổ ngữSháozhōu Tǔhuà"ShaoguanTuhua "), also known asYuebei Tuhua(Khu bắc Lưỡng Quảng thổ ngữ), is an unclassifiedChinese varietyspoken in northernGuangdongprovince, China. It ismutually unintelligiblewithXiang,Cantonese,andMandarin.

Classification

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Some scholars consider it to be an extension ofPing Chinese(Pinghua) in Guangxi. Others consider it to have a foundation inSong dynasty-eraMiddle Gan,mixed with Hakka, Cantonese, andSouthwestern Mandarin.

Chen (2012) notes that the Shaoguan Tuhua of Shibei ( thạch pha, inZhen gian g District) shares many similarities with theHakkaofQu gian g District,due to intensive contact.

Sagart (2001) considers theNanxiongdialect (classified in theLanguage Atlas of Chinaas a Shaozhou Tuhua dialect) to be most closely related toHakka.[2]In contrast, Egerod (1983) had proposed a relationship between Nanxiong andMin.[3]

Dialects

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Shaozhou Tuhua is also known asYuebei Tuhua( khu bắc Lưỡng Quảng thổ ngữ, "Northern Guangxi/Guangdong Tuhua" ), and asShīpóhuà( rận bà lời nói, "Shipo dialect" ),Shīnǎhuà( rận nả lời nói, "Shina dialect" ),[4]orShīpóshēng( rận bà thanh, "Shipo accent" )[5]in its own region. It is also known asPingdi Yaohua( đất bằng dao lời nói, "Lowland Yao dialect" ), locallyPiongtuojoorPiongtoajeu;"Yao" here might be a cultural designation, as only half of the one million speakers are classified as ethnicYao.[6][full citation needed][1]

Li & Zhuang (2009) cover the following dialects ofShaoguanTuhua.[7]

  1. Dacun ( đại thôn ),Qu gian g District
  2. Xiangyang ( hướng dương ),Wu gian g District
  3. Shibei ( thạch pha ),Zhen gian g District
  4. Zhoutian ( chu điền ),Renhua County
  5. Shitang ( thạch đường ),Renhua County
  6. Guitou ( quế đầu ),Ruyuan County

Zhang Shuangqing (2004) covers five dialects ofLianzhouTuhua(Liền châu thổ ngữ).[8]

  1. Xingzi ( ngôi sao ) dialect:120,000 speakers in Xingzi ( ngôi sao ), Qing gian g ( thanh giang ), Shantang ( sơn đường ), Tanling ( đàm lĩnh ), Dalubian ( đại lộ biên ) towns, and parts of Mabu ( ma bước ) and Yao'an ( dao an ) towns
  2. Bao'an ( bảo an ) dialect:30,000 speakers in Bao'an Town ( bảo an trấn ), and parts of Longping Town ( long bình trấn )
  3. Lianzhou ( liền châu ) dialect(locally calledᴀt24 pi55 shengThanh): 40,000 speakers in Lianzhou Town ( liền châu trấn ) and Fucheng Town ( phụ thành trấn )
  4. Xi'an ( tây ngạn ) dialect(locally calledMansheng man thanh): 30,000 speakers in Xi'an Town ( tây ngạn trấn )
  5. Fengyang ( phong dương ) dialect(locally calledMansheng man thanh): 50,000 speakers in Fengyang Town ( phong dương trấn ), and parts of Zhugang ( chu cương ), Dongpo ( đông pha ), and Yao'an ( dao an ) towns

Distribution

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Tuhua is retreating beforeMandarin,CantoneseandHakkaand is found in rural dialect islands in thenorthern Guangdongcounties ofLechang,Renhua,Ruyuan Yao Autonomous County,Qu gian g,Nanxiong,Zhen gian g,Wu gian g(parts ofShaoguanprefecture-level city), andLianzhouandLiannan Yao Autonomous CountyinQingyuanprefecture-level city.

See also

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References

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  1. ^abIu Mien atEthnologue(13th ed., 1996).
    "Pingdi Yao (Piongtuojo, Piongtoajeu) is a variety of Chinese with 1,000,000 speakers, half of whom are members of Yao nationality"
  2. ^Sagart, Laurent. 2001.Nanxiong and Hakka.Fangyan[Dialect] 2001(2):142-151.
  3. ^Egerod, Søren. 1983. The Nanxiong Dialect.Fangyan[Dialect] 1983(2):123-42.
  4. ^"Sháozhōu běnchénghuà"Thiều Châu bổn thành lời nói[Shaozhou Local Dialect].gdsglib.cn(in Chinese). 2008-09-08.Archivedfrom the original on 2011-07-07.Retrieved2010-07-13.
  5. ^"Rénkǒu yǔyán"Dân cư ngôn ngữ[Population Language].sgwjq.gov.cn(in Chinese). 2009-05-06. Archived fromthe originalon 2011-07-07.
  6. ^Ming studies,34–35:55, University of Minnesota, 1995
  7. ^Li, Dongxiang Lý đông hương; Zhuang, Chusheng trang sơ thăng (2009).Sháoguān Tǔhuà diàochá yánjiūThiều quan thổ ngữ điều tra nghiên cứu[An Investigation of Shaoguan Tuhua] (in Chinese). Jinan daxue chubanshe ký nam đại học nhà xuất bản [Jinan University Press].
  8. ^Zhang, Shuangqing trương song khánh (2004).Liánzhōu Tǔhuà yánjiūLiền châu thổ ngữ nghiên cứu[A Study of Lianzhou Tuhua] (in Chinese). Xiamen daxue chubanshe Hạ Môn đại học nhà xuất bản [Xiaman University Press].
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