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Yvette Cooper

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Yvette Cooper
Official portrait, 2024
Home Secretary
Assumed office
5 July 2024
Prime MinisterKeir Starmer
Preceded byJames Cleverly
Chair of theHome Affairs Committee
In office
19 October 2016 – 1 December 2021
Preceded byKeith Vaz
Succeeded byDiana Johnson
Secretary of State for Work and Pensions
In office
5 June 2009 – 11 May 2010
Prime MinisterGordon Brown
Preceded byJames Purnell
Succeeded byIain Duncan Smith
Chief Secretary to the Treasury
In office
24 January 2008 – 5 June 2009
Prime MinisterGordon Brown
Preceded byAndy Burnham
Succeeded byLiam Byrne
Junior ministerial offices
Minister of State
2005–2008Housing and Planning
Under-Secretary of State
2003–2005Regeneration and Regional Development
2002–2003Lord Chancellor's Department
1999–2002Public Health
Shadow cabinetportfolios
2021–2024Home Secretary
2011–2015Home Secretary
2010–2013Women and Equalities
2010–2011Foreign Secretary
2010–2010Work and Pensions
Member of Parliament
forPontefract, Castleford and Knottingley
Normanton, Pontefract
and Castleford
(2010–2024)
Pontefract and Castleford(1997-2010)
Assumed office
1 May 1997
Preceded byGeoffrey Lofthouse
Majority6,630 (18.4%)
Personal details
Born(1969-03-20)20 March 1969(age 55)
Inverness,Scotland
Political partyLabour
Spouse
(m.1998)
Children3
ParentTony Cooper(father)
Education
Signature
WebsiteOfficial website

Yvette Cooper(born 20 March 1969) is a British politician who has served asHome Secretarysince July 2024. A member of theLabour Party,Cooper has beenMember of Parliament(MP) forPontefract, Castleford and Knottingley,which has previously includedNormanton,since 1997.

First elected to Parliament at the1997 general election,Cooper was aParliamentary Under-Secretary of Statein three departments under Prime MinisterTony Blairfrom 1999 to 2005. She was promoted toMinister of State for Housing and Planningin 2005, and was retained in the role whenGordon Brownwas appointed Prime Minister in 2007. In 2008, she joined Brown'sCabinetasChief Secretary to the Treasury,before being promoted toSecretary of State for Work and Pensionsin 2009. After Labour's defeat at the2010 general election,Cooper served inEd Miliband'sShadow CabinetasShadow Foreign Secretaryfrom 2010 to 2011. In 2011, her husbandEd Ballswas promoted toShadow Chancellor of the Exchequer;Cooper replaced Balls as Shadow Home Secretary and served until Labour lost the2015 general election.

On 13 May 2015, Cooper announced she would run to beLeader of the Labour Partyin theleadership electionfollowing the resignation of Miliband.[1]Cooper came third with 17.0% of the vote in the first round, losing toJeremy Corbyn.[2]Cooper subsequently resigned asShadow Home Secretaryin September 2015. Cooper was the chair of theHome Affairs Select Committeefrom 2016 to 2021.[3]As a backbencher, Cooper repeatedly sought to extendArticle 50to delayBrexit.She became Shadow Home Secretary again in Starmer's shadow cabinet in November 2021.

Following Labour's victory in the2024 United Kingdom general election,Cooper returned to government and was appointed Home Secretary by Prime Minister Keir Starmer inhis ministry.

Early life and education[edit]

Yvette Cooper was born on 20 March 1969 inInverness,Scotland.Her father isTony Cooper,former General Secretary of theProspecttrade union, a former non-executive director of theNuclear Decommissioning Authorityand a former Chairman of theBritish Nuclear Industry Forum.[4]He was also a government adviser on the Energy Advisory Panel.[5]Her mother, June, was a maths teacher.[6]

She was educated atEggar's School,acomprehensive schoolinHolybourne,andAlton College,both inAlton, Hampshire.She readphilosophy, politics, and economicsatBalliol College, Oxford,and graduated with a first-class honours degree.[7]She won aKennedy Scholarshipin 1991 to study atHarvard University,and completed her postgraduate studies with aMScin Economics at theLondon School of Economics.[8]

Early career[edit]

Cooper began her career as an economic policy researcher forShadow ChancellorJohn Smithin 1990 before working inArkansasforBill Clinton,nominee of theDemocratic PartyforPresident of the United States,in 1992. Later that year, she became a policy advisor to thenShadow Chief Secretary to the Treasury,Harriet Harman.[7]

At the age of 24, Cooper developedchronic fatigue syndrome,which took her a year to recover from.[6]In 1994 she moved to become a research associate at theCentre for Economic Performance.In 1995, she became the chief economics correspondent ofThe Independent,remaining with the newspaper until her election to theHouse of Commonsin 1997.[7]

Parliamentary career[edit]

Cooper was selected as theLabourcandidate to contestPontefract and Castlefordat the1997 general election.She was elected as MP for Pontefract and Castleford with 75.7% of the vote and a majority of 25,725.[9]Cooper made her maiden speech in the Commons on 2 July 1997, speaking about her constituency's struggle with unemployment.[10]She served for two years on the Education and Employment Select Committee.

Blair and Brown government: 1999–2010[edit]

In 1999, she was promoted asParliamentary Under-Secretary of Stateat theDepartment of Health.As a health minister, Cooper helped implement theSure Startprogramme.[11]In this post, she was also the first British government minister in history to takematernity leave.[12]

At the2001 general election,Cooper was re-elected as MP for Pontefract and Castleford with a decreased vote share of 69.7% and a decreased majority of 16,378.[13]

In 2003, she became Parliamentary Under-Secretary for Regeneration in theOffice of the Deputy Prime Ministerwith the responsibility of coalfield regeneration.[14]Following the2005 general electionshe was promoted to Minister, asMinister of State for Housing and Planningbased in theDepartment for Communities and Local Governmentfrom 2006.[15]

Cooper was again re-elected at the2005 general electionwith a decreased vote share of 63.7% and a decreased majority of 15,246.[16]

AfterGordon BrownbecamePrime Minister,Cooper was invited to attend cabinet meetings as Housing Minister. Shortly after taking the job, she was required to introduce theHome Information Pack(HIPs) scheme. According toConservativecolumnistMatthew Parris,Cooper conceived HIPs, but avoided direct criticism for its problems because of her connection with Brown.[17]In July 2007, Cooper announced in the House of Commons that "unless we act now, by 2026 first-time buyers will find average house prices are ten times their salary. That could lead to real social inequality and injustice. Every part of the country needs more affordable homes – in the North and the South, in urban and rural communities".[18]

Cooper as Minister for Housing in 2007

In 2008, Cooper became the first woman to serve asChief Secretary to the Treasurywhere she was involved with takingNorthern Rockinto public ownership. As her husband,Ed Balls,was already a cabinet minister, her promotion meant that the two became the first married couple ever to sit in the cabinet together.[19]

In 2009, Cooper was appointed asSecretary of State for Work and Pensionsand took over leading on theWelfare Reform Act 2009which included measures to extend the use of benefit sanctions to force unemployed people to seek work.[20]Many campaigners – including theChild Poverty Action Group(CPAG) – urged Cooper to rethink Labour's approach, arguing instead that increasing support for job seekers was vital to eradicating child poverty.[21][22]

Allegations over expenses[edit]

In May 2009,The Daily Telegraphreported that Cooper had changed the designation of her second home twice in two years. Following a referral to the parliamentary standards watchdog, Cooper and her husbandEd Ballswere exonerated byJohn Lyon,the Standards Commissioner. He said they had paid capital gains tax on their homes and were not motivated by profit.[23]Cooper and Balls bought a four-bedroom house inStoke Newington,North London,and registered this as their second home (rather than their home inCastleford,West Yorkshire); this qualified them for up to £44,000 a year to subsidise a reported £438,000 mortgage under the Commons Additional Costs Allowance, of which they claimed £24,400.[24]An investigation in MPs' expenses by SirThomas Leggfound that Cooper and her husband had both received overpayments of £1,363 in relation to their mortgage. He ordered them to repay the money.[25]

Miliband Shadow Cabinet: 2010–2015[edit]

Prior to the2010 general election,Cooper's constituency of Pontefract and Castleford was abolished, and replaced withNormanton, Pontefract, and Castleford.At the election, Cooper was elected as MP for Normanton, Pontefract, and Castleford with 48.1% of the vote and a majority of 10,979.[26]After Labour's defeat at the general election, Cooper and her husbandEd Ballswere both mentioned in the press as a potentialleadership candidateswhenGordon Brownresigned asLeader of the Labour Party.

Before Balls announced his candidacy, he offered to stand aside if Cooper wanted to stand, but Cooper declined for the sake of their children, stating that it would not be the right time for her.[27][28]She later topped the2010 ballotfor places in theShadow cabinet,and there was speculation that the newly elected Labour LeaderEd Milibandwould appoint herShadow Chancellor of the Exchequer.[29][30]She instead becameShadow Foreign Secretary.

WhenAlan Johnsonresigned as Shadow Chancellor on 20 January 2011, Cooper was appointedShadow Home Secretary.Her husband,Ed Balls,replaced Johnson as Shadow Chancellor. Cooper also served asShadow Minister for Women and Equalitiesfrom October 2010 to October 2013.[15]

Shadow Home Secretary: 2011–2015[edit]

On 20 January 2011, Cooper took the position of Shadow Home Secretary amidst a shadow cabinet reshuffle.[31]In this position, Cooper shadowedTheresa Mayat theHome Office.She labelled the government'svans displaying posters urging illegal immigrants to go homea "divisive gimmick" in October 2013.[32]

In February 2013, she was assessed as one of the 100 most powerful women in the United Kingdom byWoman's HouronBBC Radio 4,although not in the top 20.[33]

In 2013, she proposed the appointment of a national commissioner for domestic and sexual violence.[34]She spoke at theLabour Party Conferencein 2014 abouteastern Europeanswho were mistreated by employers of migrant labour.[35]

Cooper was strongly critical of cuts tochild tax creditannounced byGeorge Osbornein theJuly 2015 Budget;she authored the following statement in theNew Statesman:

And rememberDavid Cameron's pre-election pledge that child tax credit is "not going to fall." It was a lie. This is a shameful betrayal of parents working hard to support their kids and get on in life. In the twenty-first century working parents shouldn't have to go tofood banksto put a hot meal on the table, as too many families now do.[36]

2015 Labour leadership election[edit]

Cooper speaking at the 2016 Labour Party Conference

At the2015 general election,Cooper was re-elected as MP for Normanton, Pontefract, and Castleford with an increased vote share of 54.9% and an increased majority of 6.7%.[37]After the election andEd Miliband's resignation, she was nominated as one of four candidates for the Labour leadership. Cooper was nominated by 59 MPs, 12MEPs,109CLPs,two affiliated trade unions and onesocialist society.[38][39][40]The Guardiannewspaper endorsed Cooper as the "best placed" to offer a strong vision and unite the party while theNew Statesman's endorsement praised her experience.[41][42]Former Prime MinisterGordon Brownpublicly endorsed Cooper as his first choice for leader, as did former Home SecretaryAlan Johnson.[43][44]

During the campaign, Cooper supported reintroducing the 50pincome taxrate and creating more high-skilled manufacturing jobs. She proposed the introduction of aliving wagefor social care workers and the construction of 300,000 houses every year. Cooper disagreed that Labour spent too much whilst in government.[45]

Backbencher: 2015–2021[edit]

Yvette Cooper campaigning withTracy BrabininPontefractin 2021

Following the 2015 Labour Party leadership election, Cooper returned to the back benches, after nearly 17 years on the front bench.[46]Building on her existing work on theEuropean refugee crisis,Cooper was appointed chair of Labour's refugee taskforce, working with local authorities, community groups and trade unions to develop a sustainable and humanitarian response to the crisis.[47][48]She spoke about the issue at Labour's annual conference in 2016.[49]

She supportedOwen SmithagainstJeremy Corbynin the2016 leadership election.[50]

After a vote of MPs on 19 October 2016, Cooper was elected chair of theHome Affairs Select Committee,gaining more votes than fellow candidates,Caroline Flint,Chuka UmunnaandPaul Flynn.[3]As chair, Cooper launched a national inquiry into public views on immigration[51]and, after an emergency inquiry into theDubs schemefor child refugees, criticised the government's decision to end the programme in February 2017.[52][53]

At the snap2017 general election,Cooper was again re-elected, with an increased vote share of 59.5% and a decreased majority of 14,499.[54][55]

Cooper was critical of theMay government's infrastructure plans' focus on big cities, and was formerly the chair of Labour Towns, a group ofLabourMPs, councillors and mayors of towns seeking to promote investment in them – publishing a town manifesto in 2019.[56][57]

She is a member ofLabour Friends of Israel.[58]

She was again re-elected at the2019 general election,with a decreased vote share of 37.9% and a decreased majority of 1,276.[59]

Brexit[edit]

During theBrexitprocess, Cooper consistently fought against ano-deal Brexit,tabling one of the main amendments in January 2019; others to table amendments wereCaroline Spelman,Graham Brady,Rachel Reeves,Dominic GrieveandIan Blackford.[60]

In April, Cooper tabled aprivate members' bill,again with the intended effect of preventing a "no-deal" Brexit.[61]The Bill was voted to be discussed as an important bill using processes often used for issues of national security. MPs voted 312 to 311 in favour of allowing her bill to be fast-tracked, and it was made law on 8 April 2019.

Starmer Shadow Cabinet: 2021–2024[edit]

Cooper was reappointed as Shadow Home Secretary on 29 November 2021 byKeir Starmer,replacingNick Thomas-Symondsin ashadow cabinet reshuffle.

Following allegations thatHome SecretarySuella Bravermanhad breached the ministerial code by sending secure information with her private email, Cooper asked for possible security implications to be investigated. She wrote to Cabinet Secretary,Simon Case"I am urging you and the Home Office to now urgently undertake such an investigation [into possible security breaches] as the public has a right to know that there are proper secure information procedures in place to cover the person who has been given charge of our national security."[62][63]Cooper said that it raised doubts about thePrime Minister's judgement. She also added that people need to be able to trust the Home Secretary with highly sensitive information and national security.[64]Cooper said that the Conservative Party lacked ethics and adequate standards.[65]

Home Secretary: 2024–present[edit]

After Labour's victory in the2024 general electionwhich Cooper was reelected in,[66]she was appointed Home Secretary by Starmer inhis governmenton 5 July.[67]On 7 July, after Starmer confirmed that theRwanda asylum planhad been scrapped, Cooper announced that theBorder Security Commandwould be established in order to help reduce small boat crossings across the English channel.[68][69]

Personal life[edit]

Cooper marriedEd Ballson 10 January 1998[70]inEastbourne.Her husband wasEconomic Secretary to the Treasuryin theTony Blairgovernment andSecretary of State for Children, Schools and FamiliesunderGordon Brown,then in opposition wasShadow Chancellor of the Exchequerand a candidate in the2010 Labour Party leadership election.The couple have two daughters and one son.[71]

Cooper has published two books, entitledShe Speaks: The Power of Women's VoicesandShe Speaks: Women's Speeches That Changed the World, from Pankhurst to Greta,released in November 2019 and October 2020 respectively.[72][73]

See also[edit]

Everywoman Safe Everywhere - Labour's Consultation on Women's Safety

Notes[edit]

References[edit]

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  73. ^She Speaks: Power of Women's voices by Yvette Cooper– via Booktopia.

External links[edit]

Parliament of the United Kingdom
Preceded by Member of Parliament
forPontefract and Castleford

19972010
Constituency abolished
New constituency Member of Parliament
forNormanton, Pontefract and Castleford

2010–present
Incumbent
Political offices
Preceded by Minister of State for Housing and Planning
2005–2008
Succeeded by
Preceded by Chief Secretary to the Treasury
2008–2009
Succeeded by
Preceded by Secretary of State for Work and Pensions
2009–2010
Succeeded by
Preceded by Shadow Secretary of State for Work and Pensions
2010
Succeeded by
Shadow Minister for Women and Equalities
2010–2013
Succeeded by
Preceded by Shadow Foreign Secretary
2010–2011
Succeeded by
Preceded by Shadow Home Secretary
2011–2015
Succeeded by
Preceded by Shadow Home Secretary
2021–2024
Succeeded by
Preceded by Home Secretary
2024–present
Incumbent