Zhu Yigui
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Zhu Yigui(Chinese:Chu một quý;pinyin:Zhū Yīguì;Pe̍h-ōe-jī:Chu It-kùi;1690–1722) was a Taiwanese military general and rebel. He was the leader of a Taiwanese uprising againstQing dynastyrule in mid-1721.[1]
He came fromZhangzhouand was of humble peasant origin. He was ofHokkienancestry and lived in the village of Lohanmen located in the area of modern-dayNeimen District,Kaohsiung.[2]There he worked raising ducks and was a respected member of the local community. In 1721 an earthquake wrought havoc to Lohanmen, even more the prefect of the island,Wang Zhen (prefect),not only kept collecting heavy taxes even among the impoverished people who lost their possessions with the earthquake.
Zhu was one of those who rose in rebellion and his good reputation among the locals gave him enough followers so that on 19 April he attacked and captured the city ofKua-chin-na(Chinese:Can tân lâm / can trăn lâm / gian trăn lâm[3];Pe̍h-ōe-jī:Koaⁿ-chin-nâ;modern-dayGangshan). Other rebel leaders also rose on the island, and Qing authorities were heavily pressured.Hoklo,HakkaandTaiwanese aboriginesrallied in revolt against the Qing authorities.
Zhu andDu Junying(another rebel commander of Teochew descent and leader of the Hakka forces) combined their forces and launched an attack on the seat ofTainan Prefecture,the administrative capital of the island, which fell almost without a fight. The Qing authorities retreated toPenghu.The rebel army continued its movement on the western coastal plains. On 1 May, Zhu took the title ofZhong xing Wang( trung hưng vương; "Reviving King" ) and theera nameYong He( vĩnh cùng; "Enduring Peace" ), he also established an administration reminiscent of theMing dynasty.
His power started to weaken after disputes with Du Junying, which spelled disaster for the rebels, as this occurred at the same time the Manchu government organized an expedition against them. Imperial forces commanded byShi Shipiao(d. 1721 at the age of 55sui) andLan Tingzhen(1664–1730), landed on 16 June and on 28 June Zhu was captured and executed.[4]
References
[edit]- ^Davidson, James W.(1903).The Island of Formosa, Past and Present: History, people, resources, and commercial prospects: Tea, camphor, sugar, gold, coal, sulphur, economical plants, and other productions.London and New York: Macmillan. pp.70-3.OL6931635M.
- ^Han Cheung (28 April 2019)."Taiwan in Time: The antirebels of the Qing era".Taipei Times.Retrieved28 April2019.
- ^see"Entry #40133 ( can trăn lâm )".Đài Loan Mân Nam ngữ thường dùng từ từ điển[Dictionary of Frequently-Used Taiwan Minnan]. (in Chinese and Hokkien).Ministry of Education, R.O.C.2011.
- ^Davison, Gary Marvin (2003).A short history of Taiwan: the case for independence.Greenwood.ISBN978-0-275-98131-0.LCCN2003046961.OCLC52251428.
Further reading
[edit]- Hummel, Arthur W. Sr.,ed. (1943)..Eminent Chinese of the Ch'ing Period.United States Government Printing Office.
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