Socialism

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Map of Socialist Countries

Socialismis a range ofeconomicandsocial systemscharacterised bysocial ownershipof themeans of productionandworkers' self-management,as well as thepolitical theoriesandmovementsassociated with them. Social ownership can bepublic,collectiveorcooperative ownership,orcitizen ownershipofequity.There are manyvarieties of socialismand there is no single definition encapsulating all of them, with social ownership being the common element shared by its various forms.

Arranged alphabetically by author or source:
A·B·C·D·E·F·G·H·I·J·K·L·M·N·O·P·Q·R·S·T·U·V·W·X·Y·Z·See also·External links

A

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  • Socialism the worst of all enemies offreedombecause, if it could fulfil what it promises, it would render such a service to the world that the interests of freedom would pale, and mankind would carry over its allegiance to the benefactor who had a higher claim on itsgratitude.... This century has seen the growth of the worst enemy freedom has ever had to encounter—Socialism. Strong, because it solves a problempol[itical] economyhas, until now, failed to solve. How to provide that the increase ofwealthshall not be at the expense of its distribution.... Can only be realised by a tremendousdespotism.
    • Lord Acton,private notes, quoted in G. E. Fasnacht,Acton's Political Philosophy. An Analysis(1952), p. 122
  • Socialism is not the invention of an individual. It is essentially the outcome of economic and social conditions. The evils thatCapitalismbrings differ in intensity in different countries, but, the root cause of the trouble once discerned, the remedy is seen to be the same by thoughtful men and women. The cause is the private ownership of the means of life; the remedy is public ownership.
    • Clement Attlee,The Labour Party in Perspective(Left Book Club, 1937), p. 15
  • The superfluities of the rich are the necessaries of the poor. They who possess superfluities, possess the goods of others.

B

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Socialism, like the ancient ideas from which it springs, confuses the distinction between government and society. As a result of this, every time we object to a thing being done by government, the socialists conclude that we object to its being done at all. ~Frederic Bastiat
  • Socialism, like the ancient ideas from which it springs, confuses the distinction between government and society. As a result of this, every time we object to a thing being done bygovernment,the socialists conclude that we object to its being done at all. We disapprove ofstate education.Then the socialists say that we are opposed to any education. We object to astate religion.Then the socialists say that we want no religion at all. We object to a state-enforcedequality.Then they say that we are against equality. And so on, and so on. It is as if the socialists were to accuse us of not wanting persons to eat because we do not want the state to raise grain.

  • You would opposelawto socialism. But it is the law which socialism invokes. It aspires to legal, not extra-legal plunder…. You wish to prevent it from taking any part in the making of laws. You would keep it outside the Legislative Palace. In this you will not succeed, I venture to prophesy, so long as legal plunder is the basis of the legislation within.

    It is absolutely necessary that this question of legal plunder should be determined, and there are only three solutions of it:—

    1. When the few plunder the many.
    2. When everybody plunders everybody else.
    3. When nobody plunders anybody.

    Partial plunder, universal plunder, absence of plunder, amongst these we have to make our choice. The law can only produce one of these results.

    Partial plunder.—This is the system which prevailed so long as the elective privilege was partial; a system which is resorted to, to avoid the invasion of socialism.

    Universal plunder.—We have been threatened by this system when the elective privilege has become universal; the masses having conceived the idea of making law, on the principle of legislators who had preceded them.

    Absence of plunder.—This is the principle of justice, peace, order, stability, conciliation, and of good sense.

  • Socialists take over frombourgeoiscapitalistsociety its materialism, its atheism, its cheap prophets, its hostility against the spirit and all spiritual life, its restless striving for success and amusement, its personal selfishness, its incapacity for interior recollection.
    • Nikolai Berdyaev,The End of Our Time(1919), as translated by Donald Atwater (1933), p. 93
  • It appears that liberty is bound up with imperfection, with a right to imperfection. Socialism leads to the same type ofauthoritarianstate asTheocracy.... One must choose: either Socialism or liberty of spirit, the liberty of man's conscience.... Socialism uses a "sacred" authority and establishes a "sacred" society in which there is no place for the "lay," for the free, for choice, for the unrestrained activity of human forces.
    • Nikolai Berdyaev,The End of Our Time(1919), as translated by Donald Atwater (1933), pp. 188-189
  • Our main case is and must remain that in a modern complex society it is impossible to get rational order by leaving things to private economic adventure. Therefore I am a Socialist. I believe in public ownership.
    • Aneurin Bevan,speech to the Labour Party Conference in Blackpool (October 1959), quoted in Michael Foot,Aneurin Bevan: A Biography. Volume II: 1945–1960(1973), p. 647 and Ben Pimlott,Harold Wilson(1993), p. 230
  • Let me hear that dirty wordSocialism.
  • I am a Socialist not through reading a textbook that has caught my intellectual fancy, nor through unthinking tradition, but because I believe that, at its best, Socialism corresponds most closely to an existence that is both rational and moral. It stands for co-operation, not confrontation; for fellowship, not fear. It stands for equality, not because it wants people to be the same but because only through equality in our economic circumstances can our individuality develop properly.
    • Tony Blair,in his maiden speech as MP for Sedgefield (6 July 1983) as quoted inHansard,House of Commons, 6th Series, vol. 45, col. 316
If we are to avoid the mistakes in over one hundred years of proletarian socialism, if we are to really achieve a liberatory movement, not simply in terms ofeconomicquestions but in terms of every aspect of life, we would have to turn to anarchism because it alone posed the problem, not merely of class domination but hierarchical domination, and it alone posed the question, not simply of economic exploitation, but exploitation in every sphere of life. ~Murray Bookchin
  • If we are to avoid the mistakes in over one hundred years ofproletarian socialism,if we are to really achieve a liberatory movement, not simply in terms ofeconomicquestions but in terms of every aspect of life, we would have to turn to anarchism because it alone posed the problem, not merely ofclass dominationbuthierarchicaldomination,and it alone posed the question, not simply of economic exploitation, but exploitation in every sphere of life. And it was that growing awareness, that we had to go beyond classism into hierarchy, and beyond exploitation into domination, that led me into anarchism, and to a commitment to an anarchist outlook.
  • A Gallup poll this month found that Democrats are warming up to the idea ofsocialism— or at least to the word. While 57 percent of Democrats polled said they view socialism positively, only 47 percent said the same ofcapitalism,down from 56 percent in 2016... When Americans say they view socialism one way or the other, what exactly do they have in mind?...Clarifying exactly what “socialism” means once and for all likely won’t happen anytime soon. But that doesn’t mean that voters who are attracted to democratic socialist politicians such asSen. Bernie SandersandHousecandidateAlexandria Ocasio-Cortezdon’t know what they’re getting into. Proposals to wipe out so-called right-to-work laws, to make college tuition-free or to provide universal health care are resonating with those supporters...
    Working Americansdeserve a say in how the country’s vast wealth will be used, and that will be possible only wheninequalityis reduced, corporate and big-money donors are banished from politics, and lawmakers are truly accountable to the people. It’s not so much to ask. But democratic socialists are the only ones asking.

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Usurping bureaucracies... have achieved the pitiable wonder of transforming into a nightmare what humanity has for so long cherished as a dream: socialism. ~Aimé Césaire
  • 'Socialism is only a degenerate form ofChristianity.In fact, it preserves a belief in the finality ofhistorywhich betrays life and nature, which substitutes ideal ends for real ends, and contributes to enervating both the will and the imagination. Socialism isnihilistic,in the henceforth precise sense thatNietzscheconfers on the word. A nihilist is not one who believes in nothing, but one who does not believe in what exists. In this sense, all forms of socialism are manifestations, degraded once again, of Christian decadence.
    • -Albert Camus,'Nietzsche and Nihilism', in 'The Rebel', 1951.
  • I believe Socialism is the grandest theory ever presented, and I am sure it will someday rule the world. Then we will have attained the Millennium.… Then men will be content to work for the general welfare and share their riches with their neighbors.
  • With the exception ofYugoslavia,in numerousEuropeancountries—in the name of socialism—usurpingbureaucraciesthat are cut off from the people (bureaucracies from which it is now proven that nothing can be expected) have achieved the pitiable wonder of transforming into anightmarewhat humanity has for so long cherished as a dream: socialism.
  • The consistentanarchist,then, should be a socialist, but a socialist of a particular sort. He will not only oppose alienated and specialized labor and look forward to the appropriation ofcapitalby the whole body of workers, but he will also insist that this appropriation be direct, not exercised by some elite force acting in the name of the proletariat.
    • Noam Chomsky,"Notes on Anarchism," inDaniel Guérin Anarchism: From Theory to Practice(1970)
  • The inherent vice ofcapitalismis the unequal sharing of blessings. The inherent virtue of Socialism is the equal sharing of miseries.
The inherent vice ofcapitalismis the unequal sharing of blessings. The inherent virtue of Socialism is the equal sharing of miseries. ~Winston Churchill
Socialism is a philosophy of failure, the creed of ignorance, and the gospel of envy, its inherent virtue is the equal sharing of misery. ~Winston Churchill
  • All possessions are by nature unrighteous when a man possess them for personal advantage as being entirely his own, and does not bring them into the common stock for those in need.
  • I became a Socialist, as many others did in those days, on grounds ofmoralsanddecencyandaestheticsensibility. I wanted to do the decent thing by my fellow-men. I could not see why every human being should not have as good a chance in life as I, and I hated the ugliness both of poverty and of the money-grubbing way of life that I saw around me.
    • G. D. H. Cole,British Labour Movement-Retrospect and Prospect,Ralph Fox Memorial Lecture, April 1951, Fabian Special, No. 8 (1952), quoted in G. D. H. Cole,Early Pamphlets and Assessment, Volume 1(2011), p. 56
  • Since the foundation of theSoviet Republics,the States of the world have been divided into two camps: the camp of Capitalism and the camp of Socialism. There, in the camp of Capitalism: national hate andinequality,colonialslaveryand chauvinism, national oppression and massacres, brutalities and imperalistic wars. Here, in the camp of Socialism: reciprocal confidence and peace, nationallibertyandequality,the pacific co-existence and fraternal collaboration of peoples. The attempts made by the capitalistic world during the past ten years to decide the question of nationalities by bringing together the principle of the free development of peoples with a system of exploitation of man by man have been fruitless. In addition, the number of national conflicts becomes more and more confusing, even menacing the capitalistic rigime. Thebourgeoisiehas proven itself incapable of realizing a harmonious collaboration of the peoples. It is only in the camp of the Soviets; it is only under the conditions of the dictatorship of the proletariat that has grouped around itself the majority of the people, that it has been possible to eliminate the oppression of nationalities, to create an atmosphere of mutual confidence and to establish the basis of a fraternal collaboration of peoples.
    • Preamble of theConstitution of the Soviet Union(1924), as quoted in Andrew, M. (1931).Twelve Leading Constitutions with Their Historical Backgrounds.Compton, Calif, American University Series

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The issue is Socialism versusCapitalism.I am for Socialism because I am forhumanity.~Eugene V. Debs
Ignorance alone stands in the way of Socialist success. The capitalist parties understand this and use their resources to prevent the workers from seeing the light. ~Eugene V. Debs
  • Everybody knows thatthis systemof massexploitationandoppressioncan't continue. More and more people are using "socialism" as the name for the solution. But what do they mean when they say "socialism"? The version presented here begins with the abolition of the tyranny of themarketand the emancipation of the diverse multinationalworking class.Instead of being dictated to by a system rigged in favor of billionaires, capitalists, andlandlords,we the people should determine what we need and coordinate plan for producing the goods and services necessary to meet those demands. Workers make the world run, workers should run the world!
  • The issue is Socialism versus Capitalism. I am for Socialism because I am forhumanity.We have been cursed with the reign ofgoldlong enough.Moneyconstitutes no proper basis of civilization. The time has come to regenerate society — we are on the eve of universalchange.
    • Eugene V. Debs,in an open letter to the American Railway Union,Chicago Railway Times(1 January 1897)
  • Ignorance alone stands in the way of Socialist success. The capitalist parties understand this and use their resources to prevent the workers from seeing the light. Intellectual darkness is essential to industrial slavery. Capitalist parties stand for Slavery and Night. The Socialist Party is the herald ofFreedomandLight.
    • Eugene Debs,"The Socialist Party and the Working Class" (1904), inClassics of American Political and Constitutional Thought, Volume 2: Reconstruction to the Present,p. 288
  • Capitalism is the exploitation of man by man. Yes? Well socialism is exactly the reverse.
  • The so-called socialist ownership is a disguise for the real ownership by the political bureaucracy.
    • Milovan Djilas,as quoted inThe Rise and Fall of Communism in Russia,Robert V. Daniels, New Haven-London, Yale University Press (2007) p. 262
  • Democracy has so disappeared in theUnited Statesthat there are some subjects that cannot even be discussed. The essence of the democratic process is free discussion. There was a time, when men were not allowed to talk ofuniversal suffrage,educationforwomen,orfreedom for Negro slaves.Today communism is the dirty word and socialism is suspect.... In this state, and in our time, occurred one of the worst blows to the democratic process which our nation has suffered.Senator McCarthysucceeded in making America afraid to discuss socialism.
    • W. E. B. Du Bois,Speech at University of Wisconsin, 1960, as reproduced inAgainst Racism: Unpublished Essays, Papers, Addresses, 1887-1961,p. 303
  • Let me examine the alleged "distinction from capitalism" characteristic of theSoviet Unionand see whether it isn't a distinction from a certain stage of capitalism rather than from capitalism as a whole. The determining factor in analyzing the class nature of a society is not whether the means of production are the private property of the capitalist class or are state-owned, but whether the means of production... are monopolized and alienated from the direct producers. The Soviet Government occupies in relation to the whole economic system the position which a capitalist occupies in relation to a single enterprise.... "Bureaucratic state socialism" is an irrational expression behind which there exists the real economic relation ofstate-capitalist-exploiterto the propertyless exploited.
    • Raya Dunayevskaya,"The Union of Soviet Socialist Republics is a Capitalist Society" (1941), inRussia: From Proletarian Revolution to State-Capitalist Counter-Revolution,p. 210

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  • We face a probable future ofnuclear-armedstates warring over a scarcity of resources; and that scarcity is largely the consequence of capitalism itself. For the first time in history, our prevailing form of life has the power not simply to breedracismand spread cultural cretinism, drive us into war or herd us intolabour camps,but to wipe us from the planet. Capitalism will behave antisocially if it is profitable for it to do so, and that can now mean human devastation on an unimaginable scale. What used to be apocalyptic fantasy is today no more than sober realism. The traditionalleftistslogan "Socialism or barbarism" was never more grimly apposite.
  • Socialism is directed towards a social-ethical end. Science, however, cannot create ends and, even less, instill them in human beings; science, at most, can supply the means by which to attain certain ends. But the ends themselves are conceived by personalities with lofty ethical ideals and—if these ends are not stillborn, but vital and vigorous—are adopted and carried forward by those many human beings who, half unconsciously, determine the slow evolution of society. For these reasons, we should be on our guard not to overestimate science and scientific methods when it is a question of human problems; and we should not assume that experts are the only ones who have a right to express themselves on questions affecting the organization of society.
    • Albert Einstein,"Why Socialism?", an essay originally published in the first issue ofMonthly Review(May 1949)
  • The economic anarchy of capitalist society as it exists today is, in my opinion, the real source of the evil. We see before us a huge community of producers the members of which are unceasingly striving to deprive each other of the fruits of their collective labour...I am convinced there is only one way to eliminate these grave evils, namely through the establishment of a socialist economy, accompanied by an educational system which would be oriented toward social goals.
    • Albert Einstein,"Why Socialism?", an essay originally published in the first issue ofMonthly Review(May 1949)
  • Productionis carried on forprofit,not for use. There is no provision that all those able and willing to work will always be in a position to findemployment;an “army of unemployed” almost always exists. The worker is constantly in fear of losing his job. Unlimited competition leads to a huge waste of labor, and to that crippling of the socialconsciousnessof individuals. This crippling of individuals social consciousness, I consider the worst evil of capitalism. Our whole educational system suffers from this evil. An exaggerated competitive attitude is inculcated into the student, who is trained to worship acquisitive success as a preparation for his future career.
  • Since unemployed and poorly paid workers do not provide a profitable market, the production of consumers’ goods is restricted, and great hardship is the consequence. Technological progress frequently results in more unemployment rather than in an easing of the burden of work for all. The profit motive, in conjunction with competition among capitalists, is responsible for an instability in the accumulation and utilization of capital which leads to increasingly severe depressions. Unlimited competition leads to a huge waste of labor, and to that crippling of the social consciousness of individuals which I mentioned before.
  • I believe that for the past twenty years there has been a creepingsocialism spreading in the United States.
    • Dwight D. Eisenhower,off-the-cuff speech to Republican leaders, Custer State Park, South Dakota (June 11, 19530; in Robert J. Donovan,Eisenhower: The Inside Story(1956), p. 336. At his press conference in Washington, D.C., June 17, 1953, President Eisenhower was asked what he meant by "creeping socialism". Donovan writes, "He replied: continued Federal expansion of the T.V.A. He reiterated for what he said was the thousandth time that he would not destroy the T.V.A., but he said that he thought it was socialistic to continue putting money paid by all the taxpayers into a single region which could then attract industry away from other areas" (p. 336). See alsoPublic Papers of the Presidents of the United States: Dwight D. Eisenhower, 1953,p. 433

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Slavery is a form, and the very best form, of socialism. ~George Fitzhugh
A society which is socialist cannot also be democratic. ~Milton Friedman
  • Slaveryis a form, and the very best form, of socialism.
    • George Fitzhugh,Sociology for the South, or, the Failure of Free Society,Richmond: VA, Morris (1854) pp. 27-28
  • The first thing that happened when the European powers went to war was the collapse of theSocialist International.No European socialist party had called the working class out in a general strike against the war and theSPD(by farEurope’s most powerful socialist party) had in early August 1914 unanimously voted its government war credits; the French followed suit. Socialist workers were aligned by their parties behind the war effort of each European government and socialistinternationalismrevealed itself to be a myth. But the situation inItalyproved to be radically different.
    • Giuseppe Finaldi,Mussolini and Italian Fascism,New York and London, Routledge, 2014, pp. 24-25
  • [Louis Napoleon] is a socialist and socialism is the new fashionable name ofslavery.... [His] Queen is providing nurseries and nurses for the children of working women, just as weSouthernersdo for our negro women and children. It is a great economy.
    • George Fitzhugh,Sociology for the South, or, the Failure of Free Society,Richmond: VA, Morris (1854) p. 42
  • Marxargued that all humanhistorywas dominated by a tussle for the wealth between classes, one of which took the wealth, and used it to exploit the others. Asscienceandtechnologydeveloped, so one exploiting class was replaced by another that used the resources of society more efficiently. The necessity forexploitation,he observed, had ended with capitalism. If the working class, the masses who cooperate to produce the wealth, could seize the means of production from thecapitalist class,they could put an end to exploitation forever and run society on the lines of the famous slogan: ‘From each according to his abilities, to each according to his needs.’
  • In the idealsocialist state,power will not attract power freaks. People who make decisions will show no slightest bias towards their own interests. There will be no way for a clever man to bend the institutions to serve his own ends. And the rivers will run uphill.
    • David D. Friedman,The Machinery of Freedom: A Guide to Radical Capitalism,chap: "Buckshot for a Socialist Friend" (1973) p. 108
  • I had imagined that socialists were people that rose above the meaningless customs andmoralityof thesociety.I imagined them to becourageousfighters with no interest in so-called fame and honor and socialreputation.I thought they werewarriorsfightingto destroy the perverted society of today and striving to create an ideal society. However, even though the denounce the irrational and hypocritical aspects of the society, and pretend that they are indifferent tosocial criticismsand to fame and reputation, they in fact governed by and are concerned about the standards of the mundane society. They seek to adorn themselves with conventional ornaments, and take upon themselves conventional values. Just as generals take pride in the medals on their chests, socialists covet records of arrests in order to earn their bread. They take pride in this. When I realized this fact I gave up on them.
  • I was gradually beginning to understand how society works. Up until then the true shape of reality had been thinly veiled, but now it all began to become clear. I understood why someone poor like myself could never study and get ahead in this world, why, too, the rich got richer and the powerful were able to do anything they liked. I knew that what socialism preached was true. But I could not accept socialist thought in its entirety. Socialism seeks to change society for the sake of the oppressed masses, but is what it would accomplish truly for their welfare? Socialism would create a social upheaval “for the masses,” and the masses would stake their lives in the struggle together with those who had risen up on their behalf. But what would the ensuing change mean for them? Power would be in the hands of the leaders, and the order of the new society would be based on that power. The masses would become slaves allover again to that power. What is revolution, then, but the replacing of one power with another?

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  • Socialism is the doctrine of liberation for theworking class.It promotes the rise of the fourth class and its incorporation in the political organism of our Fatherland, and is inextricably bound to breaking the present slavery and regaining German freedom. Socialism, therefore, is not merely a matter of the oppressed class, but a matter for everyone, for freeing theGerman peoplefrom slavery is the goal of contemporary policy. Socialism gains its true form only through a total fighting brotherhood with the forward-striving energies of a newly awakenednationalism.Without nationalism it is nothing, a phantom, a mere theory, a castle in the sky, a book. With it it is everything, the future, freedom, the fatherland!
  • The sin of liberal thinking was to overlook socialism’s nation-building strengths, thereby allowing its energies to go in anti-national directions. The sin of Marxism was to degrade socialism into a question of wages and the stomach, putting it in conflict with the state and its national existence. An understanding of both these facts leads us to a new sense of socialism, which sees its nature as nationalistic, state-building, liberating and constructive.
  • Socialism is possible only in a state that is united domestically and free internationally. The bourgeoisie andMarxismare responsible for failing to reach both goals, domestic unity and international freedom. No matter how national and social these two forces present themselves, they are the sworn enemies of a socialist national state.
  • What doesanti-Semitismhave to do with socialism? I would put the question this way: What does theJewhave to do with socialism? Socialism has to do with labor. When did one ever see him working instead of plundering, stealing and living from the sweat of others? As socialists we are opponents of the Jews because we see in the Hebrews the incarnation of capitalism, of the misuse of the nation’s goods.
  • Democracyis the wholesome and pure air without which a socialist public organization cannot live a full-blooded life.
  • We are living through a National Socialist revolution. We emphasize the term “socialist” because many speak only of a “national” revolution. Dubious, but also wrong. It was not only nationalism that led to the breakthrough. We are proud that German socialism also triumphed. Unfortunately, there are still people among us today who emphasize the word “national” too strongly and who do not want to know anything about the second part of our worldview, which shows that they have also failed to understand the first part. Those who do not want to recognize a German socialism do not have the right to call themselves national.
  • Just as nationalism protects a people from outside forces, so socialism serves a people's domestic needs. We want the people's strength to be released within the nation, forging the people once more into a strong block. The individual citizen must again have the sense that, even if he is finds himself in the simplest and lowest position, that his life and opportunities are assured.
  • Marxist socialism was degraded to a concern only with pay or the stomach. The bourgeoisie degraded nationalism into barren hyper-patriotism. Both concepts, therefore, must be cleansed and shown to the people anew, in a crystal-clear form. The nationalism of our worldview arrived at the right moment. Our movement seized the concept of socialism from the cowardly Marxists, and tore the concept of nationalism from the cowardly bourgeois parties, throwing both into the melting pot of our worldview, and producing a clear synthesis: German national Socialism. That provided the foundation for the rebuilding of our people. Thus this revolution was National Socialist.
For us there is no valid definition of socialism other than the abolition of the exploitation of one human being by another. ~Che Guevara
Socialism cannot exist without a change in consciousness resulting in a new fraternal attitude toward humanity, both at an individual level, within the societies where socialism is being built or has been built, and on a world scale, with regard to all peoples suffering from imperialist oppression. ~Che Guevara
  • [W]herever socialism has teeth, it veers closer to gangsterism because it depends on the use of arbitrary power, either by the state or, in essence, the mob.
  • For us there is no valid definition of socialism other than the abolition of the exploitation of one human being by another.
    • Che Guevara,speech to the Second Economic Seminar of Afro-Asian Solidarity in Algiers, Algeria (24 February 1965)
  • Socialism cannot exist without a change in consciousness resulting in a new fraternal attitude toward humanity, both at an individual level, within the societies where socialism is being built or has been built, and on a world scale, with regard to all peoples suffering from imperialist oppression.
    • Che Guevara,speech to the Second Economic Seminar of Afro-Asian Solidarity in Algiers, Algeria (24 February 1965)

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Socialism and rationalism are to this day the touchstones of humanity, the rocks which lie in the course of revolution and science. ~Aleksandr Ivanovich Herzen
  • Socialism proposes to dethrone the brute-god Mammon and to lift humanity into its place.
  • History is one long record of like illustrations. Must our modern civilisation with all its teeming wonders come to a like end? We are reproducing in faithful detail every cause which led to the downfall of the civilisations of other days—Imperialism, taking tribute from conquered races, the accumulation of great fortunes, the development of a population which owns no property, and is always inpoverty.Land has gone out of cultivation and physical deterioration is an alarming fact. An so we Socialists say the system which is producing these results must not be allowed to continue. A system which has robbed religion of its saviour, destroyed handicraft, which awards the palm of success to the unscrupulous, corrupts the press, turns pure women on the streetsm and upright men into mean-spirited time-servers, cannot continue. In the end it is bound to work its own overthrow. Socialism with its promise of freedom, its larger hope for humanity, its triumph of peace over war, its binding of the races of the earth into one all-embracing brotherhood, must prevail. Capitalism is the creed of the dying present; socialism throbs with the life of the days that are to be. It has claimed its martyrs in the past, is claiming them now, will claim them still; but what then? Better to "rebel and die in the twenty worlds sooner than bear the yoke of thwarted life."
    • Keir Hardie,From Serfdom to Socialism(1907), p. 103–104
  • I've always doubted that the socialists had a leg to stand on intellectually. They have improved their argument somehow, but once you begin to understand that prices are an instrument of communication and guidance which embody more information than we directly have, the whole idea that you can bring about the same order based on thedivision of laborby simple direction falls to the ground. Similarly, the idea [that] you can arrange for distributions of incomes which correspond to some conception of merit or need. If you need prices, including the prices of labor, to direct people to go where they are needed, you cannot have another distribution except the one from the market principle. I think that intellectually there is just nothing left of socialism.
  • Socialism assumes that all the available knowledge can be used by a single central authority. It overlooks that the model society which I now prefer to call the extended order which exceeds the perception of any individual mind is based on the utilization of widely dispersed knowledge, and once you are aware that we can achieve that great utilization of available resources only because we utilize the knowledge of millions of men, it becomes clear that the assumption of socialism is that a central authority in command of all this knowledge is just not correct!
  • Socialism has taught many people that they possess claims irrespective of performance, irrespective of participation. In the light of the morals that produced the extended order of civilisation, socialists in fact incite people to break the law.
  • Socialism and rationalism are to this day the touchstones of humanity, the rocks which lie in the course of revolution and science.
  • As we have seen, the historical record is clear that public planning and socialist policy can be effective at delivering rapid economic, technological, and social development. Rediscovering the power of this approach will be essential if Global South governments are to increase their economic sovereignty and mobilize production to ensure decent lives for all. Achieving this objective requires building political movements of the Southern working classes and peasantries powerful enough to replace governments that currently are captured by political factions aligned with national or international capital; reducing reliance on core creditors, currencies, and imports; and establishing South-South alliances capable of withstanding any retaliation. Progressive formations in the core should be prepared to support and defend these movements.
  • Only in a socialist system are the interests of the individual, the state and the collective at one.
    • Ho Chi Minh,"Report on the Draft Amended Constitution" (1959)
  • The empirical evidence shows that socialism is an obvious failure. And the cause of socialism's failure is crystal clear: there is almost no private ownership of the means of production, and almost all factors of production are owned in common in precisely the same way that Americans own thePostal Service.

  • The trueAnarchistdecries all influences save those ofloveandreason.Ideasare his only arms.

    Being an Anarchist I am also a Socialist. Socialism is the antithesis of Anarchy. One is the North Pole ofTruth,the other the South. The Socialist believes in working for thegoodof all, while Anarchy is pure Individualism. I believe in every man working for the good of self; and in working for the good of self, he works for the good of all. To think, to see, to feel, to know; to deal justly; to bear all patiently; to act quietly; to speak cheerfully; to moderate one's voice—these things will bring you the highest good. They will bring you the love of the best, and the esteem of that Sacred Few, whose good opinion alone is worth cultivating. And further than this, it is the best way you can serve Society—live your life. The wise way to benefithumanityis to attend to your own affairs, and thus give other people an opportunity to look after theirs.

    If there is any better way to teachvirtuethan by practicing it, I do not know it.

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  • Marxismis not only the theory ofSocialism,but also an integral world outlook, a philosophical system, from which Marx’s proletarian socialism logically follows. This philosophical system is called dialectical materialism.
  • The steps ofHegel’s decline are here undeviatingly retraced. Hegel, who did not know the socialized proletariat, began by regarding all history as the history of the philosopher, of consciousness and self-consciousness, and ended with the statebureaucracy.TheStalinistsuse almost the identical phrases. The proletariat’s role in the struggle for socialism is to work harder and harder, while the leadership and organization are left to the "criticism and self-criticism” of the elite, the bureaucracy, the party. Everything depends on the party, on the bureaucracy’s consciousness and self-consciousness of correctness and incorrectness, its direction, its control, its foresight. The masses are merely at the disposal of the party as they are at the disposal of capital.
  • Often intellectuals turn towardMarxandLeninandHegel.They meet Stalinism which spends incredible time, care, energy and vigilance in holding Marx and Lenin within the bounds of their private-property state-property philosophy. The Stalinists repeat interminably thatdialecticsis the transformation of quantity into quality, leaps, breaks in continuity, opposition of capitalism and socialism. It is part and parcel of their determination to represent state-property as revolutionary. In 1917, when the struggle in the working class movement was between reform and revolution, these conceptions may have been debatable. Today all arguments fade into insignificance in face of the actuality. The critical question today, which the Stalinists must avoid like the revolution, is how was theOctober Revolutiontransformed into its opposite, theStalinistcounter-revolution, and how is this counter-revolution in turn to be transformed into its opposite. This is the dialectical law which Lenin mastered between 1914 and 1917, the negation of the negation, the self-mobilization of the proletariat as the economics and politics of socialism.
  • Today, the reading of Lenin shows that he never at any time allowed himself to slip from seeing socialism as proletarian power, using all necessary and objective forms but carefully distinguishing the fundamental universal of proletarian power from the concrete molds into which history had forced that specific revolution. For Lenin the readiness of Russia for socialism was the appearance of the Soviet, a new form of social organization.

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[T]he failure ofcapitalismis still much better than the success of socialism. ~Garry Kasparov
No cause, ever, in the history of all mankind, has produced more cold-blooded tyrants, more slaughtered innocents, and more orphans than socialism with power. It surpassed, exponentially, all other systems of production in turning out the dead. The bodies are all around us. And here is the problem: No one talks about them. No one honors them. No one does penance for them. ~Alan Charles Kors
  • The socialist economy has become so strong, so vigorous that from the summits we have reached we can issue an open challenge of peaceful economic competition to the most powerful capitalist country—the United States of America.
  • Call itdemocracy,or call itdemocratic socialism,but there must be a better distribution of wealth within this country for all God’s children.
    • Martin Luther King, Jr.,May 1965 speech to the Negro American Labor Council, in T. Jackson,From Civil Rights to Human Rights(2009), p. 230
  • No cause, ever, in the history of all mankind, has produced more cold-blooded tyrants, more slaughtered innocents, and more orphans than socialism with power. It surpassed, exponentially, all other systems of production in turning out the dead. The bodies are all around us. And here is the problem: No one talks about them. No one honors them. No one does penance for them. No one has committedsuicidefor having been an apologist for those who did this to them. No one pays for them. No one is hunted down to account for them. It is exactly whatSolzhenitsynforesaw inThe Gulag Archipelago:"No, no one would have to answer. No one would belooked into."

  • Socialism, wherever it actually had the means to plan a society, to pursue efficaciously its vision of the abolition of private property, economic inequality, and the allocation of capital and goods by free markets, culminated in the crushing of individual, economic, religious, associational, and political liberty. Its collectivization of agriculture alone led to untold suffering, scarcity, and contempt for property as the fruit of labor...
    The cognitive behavior of Western intellectuals faced with the accomplishments of their own society, on the one hand, and with the socialist ideal and then the socialist reality, on the other, takes one's breath away...

    [R]egimes of central planning create poverty and occasion ineluctable developments toward totalitarianism and the worst abuses of power. Dynamic free-market societies, grounded in rights-based individualism, have altered the entire human conception of liberty and of dignity for formerly marginalized groups. The entire "socialist experiment," by contrast, ended in stasis; ethnic hatreds; the absence of even the minimal preconditions of economic, social, and political renewal; and categorical contempt for both individuation and minority rights. Our children do not know this true comparison.

  • Socialismis easily understood by any child; it istaking other people's stuff... [S]ocialism with authentic, political power must lead to tyranny and cruelty... Socialism almost never has been judged as a goal in value by the experience of communism in power... Until socialism is confronted with its lived, communist reality, the gravest atrocities of all recorded human life, we live in its age.
  • The major political event of the twentieth century is the death of socialism.
  • After two decades of building socialism in the USSR there is no reason for anybody to be ahomosexual.
    • Nikolai Krylenko,on the law re-criminalizing homosexuality in 1936. Quoted in David Tuller, Cracks in the Iron Closet: Travels in Gay and Lesbian Russia, University of Chicago Press, 1996
  • No doubt, free enterprise is a harsh system; it demands real men. But socialism, which appeals to envious people craving forsecurityand afraid to decide for themselves, impairs humandignityand crushes man utterly.

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Whoever wants to reach socialism by any other path than that of political democracy will inevitably arrive at conclusions that are absurd and reactionary both in the economic and the political sense. ~Vladimir Lenin
We want to achieve a new and better order of society: in this new and better society there must be neither rich nor poor; all will have to work. Not a handful of rich people, but all the working people must enjoy the fruits of their common labour. Machines and other improvements must serve to ease the work of all and not to enable a few to grow rich at the expense of millions and tens of millions of people. This new and better society is called socialist society. The teachings about this society are called socialism. ~Vladimir Lenin
Merely pointing to the fact that some people have a lot more than others is less compelling as a critique; it invites the response “So what? Those who have more aren’t hurting anybody; you’re just appealing to envy.” By contrast, being able to show that those who enjoy a higher socioeconomic status have to a considerable extent achieved and maintained that status by forcibly expropriating and oppressing the less affluent provides for a far more effective indictment. ~Roderick Long
  • Cannibalism is actually a sort of dietetic socialism. Here is the ultimate sacrifice. A human life is taken for the purpose of maximizing the ‘public welfare.’
    • Robert LeFevre,The Fundamentals of Liberty,Santa Ana: CA, Rampart Institute (1988) p. 375
  • We want to achieve a new and better order of society: in this new and better society there must be neither rich nor poor; all will have to work. Not a handful of rich people, but all the working people must enjoy the fruits of their common labour.Machinesand other improvements must serve to ease the work of all and not to enable a few to grow rich at the expense of millions and tens of millions of people. This new and better society is called socialist society. The teachings about this society are called socialism.
  • Whoever wants to reach socialism by any other path than that of political democracy will inevitably arrive at conclusions that are absurd and reactionary both in the economic and the political sense.
    • Vladimir Lenin,"Two Tactics of Social Democracy in the Democratic Revolution" (1905),Collected Works,vol. 9, p. 29
  • The old trick of the reactionaries: first to misinterpret socialism by making it out to be an absurdity, and then to triumphantly refute the absurdity!... Experience and reason prove that men are not equal... in physical strength and mental ability.... But this kind of equality has nothing whatever to do with socialism.... By political equality Social-Democrats mean equal rights, and... abolition of classes. As for establishing human equality in the sense of equality of strength and abilities (physical and mental), socialists do not even think of such things.
  • There are certain types of people who are political out of a kind of religious reason [...] I think it's fairly common among socialists: They are, in fact, God-seekers, looking for the kingdom of God on earth. A lot of religious reformers have been like that, too. It's the same psychological set, trying to abolish the present in favor of some better future — always taking it for granted that there is a better future. If you don't believe in heaven, then you believe in socialism. When I was in my real Communist phase, I and the people around me really believed — but, of course, this makes us certifiable — that something like 10 years afterWorld War II,the world would be Communist and perfect.
  • Let us not destroy those wonderful machines that produce efficiently and cheaply. Let us control them. Let us profit by theirefficiencyand cheapness. Let us run them for ourselves. Let us oust the present owners of the wonderful machines, and let us own the wonderful machines ourselves. That, gentlemen, is socialism, a greater combination than the trusts, a greater economic and social combination than any that has as yet appeared on the planet. It is in line withevolution.We meet combination with greater combination.
    • Jack London,The Iron Heel,Chapter VIII, "The Machine Breakers"
  • Merely pointing to the fact that some people have a lot more than others is less compelling as a critique; it invites the response “So what? Those who have more aren’t hurting anybody; you’re just appealing to envy.” By contrast, being able to show that those who enjoy a higher socioeconomic status have to a considerable extent achieved and maintained that status by forcibly expropriating and oppressing the less affluent provides for a far more effective indictment.
    • Roderick Long,"Left-libertarianism, market anarchism, class conflict and historical theories of distributive justice,"Griffith Law Review,Vol. 21 Issue 2 (2012), pp. 413-431
  • Bourgeois society stands at the crossroads, either transition to Socialism or regression into Barbarism.

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The function of socialism is to raise suffering to a higher level. ~Norman Mailer
  • The function of socialism is to raise suffering to a higher level.
    • Norman Mailer,as quoted inPeter's Quotations: Ideas for Our Time(1977) by Laurence J. Peter
  • It is true, as I have already stated, that I have been influenced byMarxistthought. But this is also true of many of the leaders of the new independent States. Such widely different persons asGandhi,Nehru,Nkrumah,andNasserall acknowledge this fact. We all accept the need for some form of socialism to enable our people to catch up with the advanced countries of this world and to overcome their legacy of extreme poverty. But this does not mean we are Marxists.
    • Nelson Mandela,statement from the dock at the opening of the defence case in the Rivonia Trial, Pretoria Supreme Court, (20 April 1964)
  • We must have faith, first, that the peasant masses are ready to advance step by step along the road of socialism under the leadership of the Party, and second, that the Party is capable of leading the peasants along this road. These two points are the essence of the matter, the main current.
    • Mao Zedong,On the Question of Agricultural Co-operation (July 31, 1955)
  • In China the struggle to consolidate the socialist system, the struggle to decide whether socialism or capitalism will prevail, will still take a long historical period. But we should all realise that the new system of socialism will unquestionably be consolidated. We can assuredly build a socialist state with modern industry, modern agriculture, and modern science and culture.
    • Mao Zedong,Speech at the Chinese Communist Party's National Conference on Propaganda Work (March 12, 1957)
  • Under the leadership of the Communist Party, the Chinese people are carrying out a vigorous rectification movement in order to bring about the rapid development of socialism in China on a firmer basis. It is a movement for carrying out a nation-wide debate which is both guided and free, a debate in the city and the countryside on such questions as the socialist road versus the capitalist road, the basic system of the state and its major policies, the working style of Party and government functionaries, and the question of the welfare of the people, a debate which is conducted by setting forth facts and reasoning things out, so as correctly to resolve those actual contradictions among the people which demand immediate solution. This is a socialist movement for the self-education and selfremoulding of the people.
    • Mao Zedong,Speech at the Meeting of the Supreme Soviet of the U.S.S.R. in Celebration of the 40th Anniversary of the Great October Socialist Revolution (November 6, 1957)
  • Socialism is the theory that the desire of one man to get something he hasn't got is more pleasing to a just God than the desire of some other man to keep what he has got.
  • It is the common error of Socialists to overlook the natural indolence of mankind; their tendency to be passive, to be the slaves of habit, to persist indefinitely in a course once chosen. Let them once attain any state of existence which they consider tolerable, and the danger to be apprehended is that they will thenceforth stagnate; will not exert themselves to improve, and by letting their faculties rust, will lose even the energy required to preserve them from deterioration. Competition may not be the best conceivable stimulus, but it is at present a necessary one, and no one can foresee the time when it will not be indispensable to progress.
  • The champions of socialism call themselvesprogressives,but they recommend a system which is characterized by rigid observance of routine and by a resistance to every kind of improvement. They call themselves liberals, but they are intent upon abolishing liberty. They call themselvesdemocrats,but they yearn fordictatorship.They call themselves revolutionaries, but they want to make the government omnipotent. They promise the blessings of theGarden of Eden,but they plan to transform the world into a gigantic post office. Every man but one a subordinate clerk in a bureau. What an alluring utopia! What a noble cause to fight!
  • Thus socialism must lead to the dissolution of democracy. The sovereignty of the consumers and the democracy of the market are the characteristic features of the capitalist system. Their corollary in the realm of politics is the people’s sovereignty and democratic control of government.
    • Ludwig von Mises,Omnipotent Government: The Rise of the Total State and the Total War,Mises Institute (2010) p. 53. First published in 1944 by Yale University Press
  • Socialism as a universal mode of production is impracticable because it is impossible to make economic calculations within a socialist system. The choice for mankind is not between two economic systems. It is between capitalism and chaos.
    • Ludwig von Mises,Omnipotent Government: The Rise of the Total State and the Total War,Mises Institute (2010) p. 55. First published in 1944 by Yale University Press
  • TheGermanand theRussiansystems of socialism have in common the fact that the government has full control of the means of production. It decides what shall be produced and how. It allots to each individual a share of consumer's goods for his consumption….The German pattern differs from the Russian one in that it (seemingly and nominally) maintains private ownership of the means of production and keeps the appearance of ordinary prices, wages, and markets. There are, however, no longer entrepreneurs but only shop managers (Betriebsführer)….The government, not the consumers, directs production. This is socialism in the outward guise of capitalism. Some labels of capitalistic market economy are retained but they mean something entirely different from what they mean in a genuine market economy.
    • Ludwig von Mises,Omnipotent Government: The Rise of the Total State and the Total War,Mises Institute (2010) p. 56. First published in 1944 by Yale University Press
  • Throughout the history of the socialist movement there has, therefore, been a strand of feminist critique from within. Many feminists shared in the vision of a just society, but criticised the ways in which communist parties sought to bring it about. Amongst the Bolsheviks,Inessa ArmandandAlexandra Kollontaiwere early critics of their party's policies and practice, and they, along with anarchist feminists such asEmma Goldman,laid some of the early groundwork in identifying socialism's failures.
    • Maxine MolyneuxWomen's Movements in International Perspective: Latin America and Beyond (2000)
  • Unquestionably,Bolshevismhas ruined the economic life of Russia... For our part, we declare war on socialism, not because it is socialism, but because it has opposednationalism.
    • Benito Mussolini,Il Popolo d'Italia,23 March 1919. Reprinted in Charles Floyd Delzell,Mediterranean Fascism 1919–1945.Springer, 1971. Marco Piraino; Stefano Fiorito,Fascist identity: political project and doctrine of fascismLulu.com, 2009
  • No individuals or groups (political parties,cultural associations,economic unions,social classes) outside the State. Fascism is therefore opposed to Socialism to which unity within the State (which amalgamates classes into a single economic and ethical reality) is unknown, and which sees in history nothing but the class struggle. Fascism is likewise opposed to trade unionism as a class weapon.
  • Do not believe, even for a moment, that by stripping me of my membership card you do the same to my Socialist beliefs, nor that you would restrain me of continuing to work in favor of Socialism and of the Revolution.
    • Speech at the Italian Socialist Party’s meeting in Milan at the People’s Theatre on Nov. 25, 1914. Quote in Revolutionary Fascism by Erik Norling, Lisbon, Finis Mundi Press (2011) p. 88.
  • It was inevitable that I should become a Socialist ultra, a Blanquist, indeed a communist. I carried about a medallion with Marx’s head on it in my pocket.I think I regarded it as a sort of talisman… [Marx] had a profound critical intelligence and was in some sense even a prophet.
    • As quoted inTalks with Mussolini,Emil Ludwig,Boston, MA, Little, Brown and Company (1933) p. 38. Interview between March 23 and April 4, 1932, at the Palazzo di Venezia in Rome[3]
  • Some still ask of us: what do you want? We answer with three words that summon up our entire program. Here they are…Italy, Republic, Socialization...Socialization is no other than the implantation of Italian Socialism…
    • Benito Mussolinias quoted inRevolutionary Fascism,Erik Norling, Lisbon, Finis Mundi Press (2011) pp.119-120. Speech given by Mussolini to a group of Milanese Fascist veterans on October 14, 1944.
  • Cooperation with women from socialist countries helped us a lot. For example with scholarships for study or reciprocal visits, and sometimes they paid for us to take part in conferences.
    • Lily Monzeas quoted inThe Future of Foreign Policy is Female,Kristina Lunz (Polity Press, 2023)

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[There is] not a single free socialism to be found anywhere in the world. ~Robert Nisbet
  • Socialism itself can hope to exist only for brief periods here and there, and then only through the exercise of the extremestterrorism.For this reason it is secretly preparing itself for rule through fear and is driving the word ‘justice’ into the heads of the half-educated masses like a nail so as to rob them of their reason... and to create in them a good conscience for the evil game they are to play.
    • Friedrich Nietzsche,Human, All Too Human,Cambridge University Press, 1996, pp. 173-174. First published in 1878.
  • Lacking much historical information and assuming (1) that victims ofinjusticegenerally do worse than they otherwise would and (2) that those from the least well-off group in the society have the highest probabilities of being the (descendants of) victims of the most serious injustice who are owed compensation by those who benefited from the injustices,... then aroughrule of thumb for rectifying injustices might seem to be the following: organize society so as to maximize the position of whatever group ends up least well-off in the society.... These issues are very complex and are best left to a full treatment of the principle of rectification. In the absence of such a treatment applied to a particular society, onecannotuse the analysis and theory presented here to condemn any particular scheme oftransfer payments,unless it is clear that no considerations of rectification of injustice could apply to justify it. Although to introduce socialism as the punishment for our sins would be to go too far, past injustices might seem to be so great as to make necessary in the short run a more extensive state in order to rectify them.

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Every line of serious work that I have written since 1936 has been written, directly or indirectly, againsttotalitarianismand fordemocratic Socialism,as Iunderstandit. ~George Orwell
In my opinion,nothinghas contributed so much to thecorruptionof the originalideaof socialism as the belief thatRussiais a socialist country and that every act of its rulers must be excused, if not imitated. ~George Orwell
I had seen little evidence that the USSR was progressing towards anything that one could truly call Socialism. ~George Orwell
  • National Socialism is a form of Socialism, is emphatically revolutionary,does crush the property owner as surely as it crushes the worker.... It is Germany that is moving towards Russia, rather than the other way about. It is therefore nonsense to talk about Germany ‘going Bolshevik’ if Hitler falls. Germany is going Bolshevik because ofHitlerand not in spite of him.
    • George Orwell,Review ofThe Totalitarian Enemyby F. Borkenau,Time and Tide(4 May 1940).Orwell: My Country Right or Left - 1940 to 1943,Vol. 2, (2000)
  • The Spanish warand other events in 1936-7 turned the scale and thereafter I knew where I stood. Every line of serious work that I have written since 1936 has been written, directly or indirectly, againsttotalitarianismand fordemocratic Socialism,as I understand it. It seems to me nonsense, in a period like our own, to think that one can avoid writing of such subjects.
  • In addition to this there is the horrible—the really disquieting—prevalence of cranks wherever Socialists are gathered together. One sometimes gets the impression that the mere words 'Socialism' and 'Communism' draw towards them with magnetic force every fruit-juice drinker,nudist,sandal-wearer, sex-maniac,Quaker,'Nature Cure' quack,pacifist,andfeministinEngland.
  • In my opinion, nothing has contributed so much to the corruption of the original idea of socialism as the belief that Russia is a socialist country and that every act of its rulers must be excused, if not imitated. And so for the last ten years, I have been convinced that the destruction of the Soviet myth was essential if we wanted a revival of the socialist movement.
  • Since 1930 I had seen little evidence that the USSR was progressing towards anything that one could truly call Socialism. On the contrary, I was struck by clear signs of its transformation into a hierarchical society, in which the rulers have no more reason to give up their power than any other ruling class. Moreover, theworkersandintelligentsiain a country like England cannot understand that the USSR of today is altogether different from what it was in 1917. It is partly that they do not want to understand (i.e. they want to believe that, somewhere, a really Socialist country does actually exist), and partly that, being accustomed to comparative freedom and moderation in public life,totalitarianismis completely incomprehensible to them.
    • George Orwellin the original preface toAnimal Farm;as published inGeorge Orwell: Some Materials for a Bibliography(1953) by Ian R. Willison
  • Socialism, which has the future of the world in its hands, will probably be unable to abolish war, and will certaintly not care for beauty or seek to preserve it. The reconstruction of society which Socialism contemplates will not be a state of things in which the interests of either nature or art will be cherished.

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The workers are master of the means of production no more than under Western capitalism. They receive their wages and are exploited by the State as the only mammoth capitalist.... The entirety of the ruling and leading bureaucracy of officials is the actual owner of the factories, the possessing class. ~Antonie Pannekoek
The merger of political and economic power implicit in socialism greatly strengthens the ability of the state and its bureaucracy to control the population. ~Richard Pipes
  • In three waysunemploymentwould be reduced. First... by greater equalization ofpurchasing powerand consequent stimulus in the form of effectivedemand.Second, by utilizing the national credit and socialized industries for the creation of new industries and the extension of existing ones.... Social ownership and operation of the basic industries, and especially socializedbankingand credit, would greatly facilitate the task of shifting the masses of unemployed into productive channels. Third, if necessary, by shortening working hours and dividing the available work among all the people.
  • The actual participants inindustryunderindividualismare prompted to action by the following combination of incentives: desire for an income, desire for a higher income, desire for security, satisfaction received from shouldering responsibility or from wielding power, the joy of participation in creative activity, and the desire for applause and prestige.... And all these motivations may be conserved and strengthened under socialism.
  • A social order in which the maximum legal income is not more than tenfold the minimum... and in which competition for private profit has been eliminated, and in which social motivations are more dominant, is certain to be a more harmonious community than can ever be created by economic individualism.
  • The system of production developed in Russia is State socialism. It is organized production, with the State as universal employer, master of the entire production apparatus. The workers are master of the means of production no more than under Western capitalism. They receive their wages and are exploited by the State as the only mammoth capitalist. So the nameState capitalismcan be applied with precisely the same meaning. The entirety of the ruling and leading bureaucracy of officials is the actual owner of the factories, the possessing class.
  • The historical experience of socialist countries has sadly demonstrated thatcollectivismdoes not do away with alienation but rather increases it, adding to it a lack of basic necessities and economic inefficiency.
  • Venerable Brethren and Beloved Sons, having surveyed the present economic system, We have found it laboring under the gravest of evils. We have also summoned Communism and Socialism again to judgment and have found all their forms, even the most modified, to wander far from the precepts of theGospel.
  • The fundamental reason whyMedicareis failing is why theSoviet Unionfailed; socialism doesn't work.
    • Rand Paul,as quoted inKentucky Tonight(16 June 1998), KET
  • The merger of political and economic power implicit in socialism greatly strengthens the ability of the state and its bureaucracy to control the population. Theoretically, this capacity need not be exercised and need not lead to growing domination of the population by the state. In practice, such a tendency is virtually inevitable. For one thing, the socialization of the economy must lead to a numerical growth of the bureaucracy required to administer it, and this process cannot fail to augment the power of the state. For another, socialism leads to a tug of war between the state, bent on enforcing its economic monopoly, and the ordinary citizen, equally determined to evade it; the result is repression and the creation of specialized repressive organs.

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[T]he history of the 20th century was basically that of the swath of destruction left across the globe by socialist ideas, from the international socialism of the Bolsheviks and the Soviet Union to the national socialism of Adolf Hitler. ~Glenn Reynolds
Want realsocialism?Look atVenezuela,an oil-exporting nation that is now dead broke even as the family of its socialist dictator, Hugo Chavez, reportedly somehow inherited billions at his death in 2013. Redistribution of wealth often seems to involve redistributing most of it to the people on top of the socialist pyramid. ~Glenn Reynolds
In the strictlyMarxistsense, there is not even inSoviet Russiaastate socialismbut astate capitalism.~Wilhelm Reich
  • In the strictly Marxist sense, there is not even inSoviet Russiaastate socialismbut astate capitalism.According to Marx, the social condition "capitalism" does not consist in the existence of individual capitalists, but in the existence of the specific "capitalist mode of production",that is, in the production of exchange values instead of use values, inwage workof the masses and in the production ofsurplus value,which is appropriated by the state or the private owners, and not by the society of working people. In this strictly Marxist sense, the capitalistic system continues to exist in Russia. And it will continue to exist as long as the masses of people continue to lack responsibility and to crave authority.
    • Wilhelm Reich,in his Introduction to the third edition ofThe Mass Psychology of Fascism(1945)
  • So let me get this straight: Extending additional unemployment benefits to out-of-work Americans during a pandemic will make them lazy and lead to socialism, but trillions in bailouts toWall St.bankersand corporate execs is good for the economy?
  • You are afraid of life, Little Man, deadly afraid. You will murder it in the belief of doing it for the sake of "socialism," or "the state," or "national honor," or "the glory of God."
  • The Idiots of socialism are slaves, but they are no one's property and therefore no one's loss... Under communism (socialism), there is no incentive to supply people with anything they need or want, including safety.
  • A socialist is someone who wants politicians to decide who gets what; a “democratic socialist” wants the politicians to at least stand for election first.... Socialism does have a siren call — essentially, the promise that if you vote for socialists, they’ll take stuff away from other people and give it to you. Since many people would rather have free stuff given to them in the name of “fairness” than have to work to get their own stuff, it’s never hard to round up votes with that approach. As the saying goes, a government that robsPeterto payPaulcan count on getting Paul’s vote.... The history of the 20th century was basically that of the swath of destruction left across the globe by socialist ideas, from the international socialism of the Bolsheviks and the Soviet Union to the national socialism ofAdolf Hitler.... Want real socialism? Look atVenezuela,an oil-exporting nation that is now dead broke even as the family of its socialist dictator,Hugo Chavez,reportedly somehow inherited billions at his death in 2013.Redistribution of wealthoften seems to involve redistributing most of it to the people on top of the socialist pyramid.

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Why is it after a century of socialist disasters, and an intellectual legacy that has been time and again exploded, the left-wing position remains, as it were, the default position to which thinking people gravitate when called upon for a comprehensive philosophy? Why are "right-wingers" marginalised in the educational system, denounced in the media and regarded by our political class as untouchable, fit only to clean up after the orgies of luxurious nonsense indulged in by their moral superiors? ~Roger Scruton
I, who said forty years ago that we should have had Socialism already but for the Socialists, am quite willing to drop thenameif dropping it will help me to get the thing. ~George Bernard Shaw
Socialism of any type leads to a total destruction of the human spirit and to a leveling of mankind into death. ~Alexander Solzhenitsyn
Socialism sounds great. It has always sounded great. And it will probably always continue to sound great. It is only when you go beyond rhetoric, and start looking at hard facts, that socialism turns out to be a big disappointment, if not a disaster. ~Thomas Sowell
Socialism is nothing but the capitalism of the lower classes. ~Oswald Spengler
  • In everything we are destroyers – even in the instruments of destruction to which we turn for relief. The very socialism andinternationalismthrough which our choked spirit seeks utterance, which seem to threaten your way of life, are alien to our spirit's demands and needs. Your socialists andinternationalistsare not serious. The charm of these movements, the attraction, such as it is, which they exercise, is only in their struggle: it is the fight which draws your gentile radicals.
  • The future of mankind, for the socialist, is simple: pull down the existing order and allow the future to emerge.
  • Why is it after a century of socialist disasters, and an intellectual legacy that has been time and again exploded, the left-wing position remains, as it were, the default position to which thinking people gravitate when called upon for a comprehensive philosophy? Why are "right-wingers"marginalised in the educational system, denounced in the media and regarded by our political class as untouchable, fit only to clean up after the orgies of luxurious nonsense indulged in by their moral superiors?
    • Roger Scruton,Fools, Frauds and Firebrands, Thinkers of the New Left(Bloomsbury, 2015)
  • Under Socialism, you would not be allowed to be poor. You would be forcibly fed, clothed, lodged, taught, and employed whether you liked it or not. If it were discovered that you had not character and industry enough to be worth all this trouble, you might possibly be executed in a kindly manner; but whilst you were permitted to live, you would have to live well.
    • George Bernard Shaw,The Intelligent Woman's Guide: To Socialism and Capitalism,New York: NY, Brentano (1928) p. 670
  • As we know, socialism is calculational chaos. Rational appraisement and allocation are eternally elusive. It is a gigantic negative-sum game in which each player quickly grabs a piece of the pie, and all the while the pie shrinks before the players' eyes. The welfare/warfare state, the interventionist state, is no improvement. Each intervention begets yet another.Bureaucracyis the only 'industry' guaranteed to experience growth. Each new regulation taxes the private sector, relentlessly shifting resources out of the hands of the productive, and into the hands of the unproductive. Capitalism is the only positive-sum game in town.
  • Socialism is the same as Communism, only better English.
  • It is far more likely that by the timenationalizationhas become the rule, and private enterprise the exception, Socialism (which is really rather a bad name for the business) will be spoken of, if at all, as a crazyreligionheld by a fanatical sect in that darkest ofdark ages,the nineteenth century. Already, indeed, I am told that Socialism has had its day, and that the sooner we stop talking nonsense about it and set to work, like the practical people we are, to nationalize the coal mines and complete a national electrification scheme, the better. And I, who said forty years ago that we should have had Socialism already but for the Socialists, am quite willing to drop the name if dropping it will help me to get the thing. What I meant by my jibe at the Socialists of the eighteen-eighties was that nothing is ever done, and much is prevented, by people who do not realize that they cannot do everything at once.
    • George Bernard Shaw,The Intelligent Woman's Guide To Socialism, Capitalism, Sovietism, And Fascism(1928)
  • The trouble is with socialism, which resembles a form ofmental illnessmore than it does a philosophy. Socialists get bees in their bonnets. And because they chronically lack any critical faculty to examine and evaluate their ideas, and because they are pathologically unwilling to consider the opinions of others, and most of all, because socialism is a mindset that regards the individual — and his rights — as insignificant, compared to whatever the socialist believes the group needs, terrible, terrible things happen when socialists acquire power.
  • In different places over the years I have had to prove that socialism, which to many western thinkers is a sort of kingdom of justice, was in fact full of coercion, of bureaucratic greed and corruption and avarice, and consistent within itself that socialism cannot be implemented without the aid of coercion. Communistpropagandawould sometimes include statements such as "we include almost all the commandments of the Gospel in our ideology". The difference is that theGospelasks all this to be achieved through love, through self-limitation, but socialism only uses coercion. This is one point.
  • Socialism of any type leads to a total destruction of the human spirit and to a leveling of mankind into death.
    • Alexander Solzhenitsyn,commencement address speech ( “A World Split Apart” ) at Harvard University (8 June 1978)
  • All the future of socialism resides in the autonomous development of workers’ syndicates.
    • Georges Sorelas quoted inEssays in Political Philosophy,Vidya Dhar Mahajan, Doaba House, Lahore, 1943, p. 41
  • And so I am not concerned to justify theperpetrators of violencebut to enquire into the function ofthe violence of the working classesin contemporary socialism.
    • Georges Sorelin:Reflections on Violence(1908), Cambridge University Press, 1999, p. 42
  • Everyone explains that discussions about Socialism are exceedingly obscure; this obscurity is due, to a large extent, to the fact that contemporary socialists use a terminology which no longer corresponds to their ideas.
    • Georges Sorelin:Reflections on Violence(1908), Cambridge University Press, 1999, p. 47
  • Thus proletarian violence has become an essential factor in Marxism. Let us add once more that, if properly conducted, it will have the result of suppressing parliamentary socialism, which will no longer be able to pose as the leader of the working classes and as the guardian of order.
    • Georges Sorelin:Reflections on Violence(1908), Cambridge University Press, 1999, p. 79
  • Socialism in general has a record of failure so blatant that only an intellectual could ignore or evade it.
    • Thomas Sowell,The Thomas Sowell Reader,New York: NY, Basic Books (2011) p. 144,Forbesmagazine, "The survival of the left" (8 September 1997)
  • Socialism sounds great. It has always sounded great. And it will probably always continue to sound great. It is only when you go beyond rhetoric, and start looking at hard facts, that socialism turns out to be a big disappointment, if not a disaster.
  • Capitalist enterprises buy components from others who have lower costs in producing those particular components, and sell their own output to whatever middlemen can most efficiently carry out its distribution. But a socialist economy may forego these advantages of specialization; and for perfectly rational reasons, given the very different circumstances in which they operate.
    • Thomas Sowell,Basic Economics,4th ed. (2010), Ch. 6. The Role of Profits—and Losses
  • What socialism, fascism and other ideologies of the left have in common is an assumption that some very wise people—like themselves—need to take decisions out of the hands of lesser people, like the rest of us, and impose those decisions by government fiat.
  • All socialism involvesslavery.What is essential to the idea of a slave? We primarily think of him as one who is owned by another. To be more than nominal, however, the ownership must be shown by control of the slave’s actions, a control which is habitually for the benefit of the controller.
  • Socialism is nothing but the capitalism of the lower classes.
    • Oswald Spengler,The Hour Of Decision, Part One: Germany and World-Historical Evolution(1934)

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Socialism promises prosperity, but it delivers poverty. Socialism promises unity, but it delivers hatred and it delivers division, socialism promises a better future, but it always returns to the darkest chapters of the past. That never fails. It always happens. ~Donald Trump
  • Fascismpresented itself not only as an alternative, but also as the heir to socialism. The original revolutionary dynamism of socialism was inspired by a universal creed poised to achieve an international revolutionary breakthrough. Once it succumbed to reformism, its internationalism changed from a militant crusade designed to change the world into simple bourgeois pacifism to be blown to the winds when emotional, idealistic and practical movements storm the hearts of peoples.
    • Jacob Talmon,The Myth of the Nation and the Vision of Revolution: The Origins of Ideological Polarization in the 20th Century(1981), p. 501
  • Wealth in modern societies is distributed according to opportunity; and while opportunity depends partly upon talent and energy, it depends still more upon birth, social position, access to education and inherited wealth; in a word, upon property.
  • If by "Property" is meant the personal possessions which the word suggests to nine-tenths of the population, the object of socialists is not to undermine property but to protect and increase it.
  • Socialism accepts... the principles, which are the cornerstones of democracy, that authority to justify its title, must rest on consent; that power is tolerable only so far as it is accountable to the public; and that differences of character and capacity between human beings, however important on their own plane, are of minor importance when compared with the capital fact of their common humanity. Its object is to extend the application of those principles from the sphere of civil and political rights, where, at present, they are nominally recognized, to that of economic and social organization, where they are systematically and insolently defined.
  • Rights groups worldwide celebrateInternational Women’s Day (IWD)...as they commemorate women’s achievements and call for equality. But for an event championed by internationalnongovernmental organizationsand majorglobal corporations,it may surprise some that IWD was born out of theU.S. socialist movementin the early20th century.In 1909 theSocialist Party of Americaorganized aNew York Citymarch commemorating a garment workers’ strike the previous year. The party called it National Women’s Day, and women organized by the group demonstrated for better pay and working conditions as well as the right to vote, according to the International Women’s Day website. The Socialist Party continued to hold Women’s Day celebrations on the last Sunday of February for the next few years, and newspapers from the era mentioned International Women’s Day on Feb. 27, 1910 — when thousands of women organized by the socialist movement gathered atCarnegie Hall,according to World March of Women, an international grass-roots campaign. European women, meanwhile, were championing similar ideals. At the second annual meeting of the International Conference of Working Women inCopenhagenin 1910,Clara Zetkin,a prominentMarxistactivist from Germany’sSocial Democratic Party,proposed the idea of holding an international day for women. She thought that women should press for their demands for equality and suffrage on a single day of celebration. The conference agreed.
  • Socialism is a new form of slavery.... As for me, I am deeply a democrat; this is why I am in no way a socialist. Democracy and socialism cannot go together. You can't have it both ways.
    • Alexis de Tocqueville,"Notes for a Speech on Socialism" (1848), quoted inThe Tocqueville Reader: A Life in Letters and Politics,eds. Olivier Zunz and Alan S. Kahan (2002), p. 250
  • Hitler's socialism was his own and subordinate to his secret aims. His concept of organized economy was close to genuine socialism but he would be a socialist only so long as it served the greater goal.
  • A nationalized planned economy needs democracy, as the human body needs oxygen.
    • Leon Trotskyin a statement of 1936, as quoted inThe Informed Vision: Essays On Learning And Human Nature(2002) by David Hawkins, p. 25; sometimes paraphrased "Socialism needs democracy like the human body needs oxygen."
  • One of the most serious challenges our countries face is the specter of socialism. It’s the wrecker of nations and destroyer of societies. Events inVenezuelaremind us all thatsocialism and communism are not about justice, they are not aboutequality,they are not about lifting up the poor, and they are certainly not about the good of the nation. Socialism and communism are about one thing only: power for the ruling class.Today, I repeat a message for the world that I have delivered at home:America will never be a socialist country.
  • Here, in the United States, we are alarmed by new calls to adopt socialism in our country. America was founded on liberty and independence — and not government coercion, domination and control.
  • Socialism is a sad and discreditedideologyrooted in the total ignorance of history and human nature, which is why socialism must always give rise to tyranny... Socialism is about one thing only: power for the ruling class.
    • Donald Trump,as quoted inTrump: ‘America Will Never Be A Socialist Country’,Daily Wire, February 19 2019
  • Socialism promises prosperity, but it delivers poverty. Socialism promises unity, but it delivers hatred and it delivers division, socialism promises a better future, but it always returns to the darkest chapters of the past. That never fails. It always happens.
    • Donald Trump,as quoted inTrump: ‘America Will Never Be A Socialist Country’,Daily Wire, February 19 2019

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  • I certainly embrace socialism. I can’t see any other solutions. This country the United States could feed the world if it wanted to.
    • Enriqueta Vasquez and the Chicano Movement: Writings from El Grito del Norte(2006)

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  • In the European century that began in the 1840s fromEngels's article of 1849 down to the death ofHitler,everyone who advocatedgenocidecalled himself a socialist, and no exception has been found.
  • The idea ofpropertyarises out of the combative instincts of the species. Long before men were men, the ancestral ape was a proprietor. Primitive property is what a beast will fight for. The dog and his bone, the tigress and her lair, the roaring stag and his herd, these are proprietorship blazing. No more nonsensical expression is conceivable insociologythan the term "primitive communism."Society, therefore, is from its beginnings the mitigation of ownership. Ownership in the beast and in the primitive savage was far more intense a thing than it is in the civilized world today. It is rooted more strongly in our instincts than in our reason.
    • H.G. Wells,"Pause In Reconstruction And The Dawn Of Modern Socialism", inThe Outline of History(1919)
  • Socialism is not abombthrown at the natural institution ofsociety,but a well-consideredmedicinefor a diseasedcommunity.
    • Rebecca West,"A Training in Trucelence", inThe Clarion,(14 February 1913), re-published inThe Young Rebecca: Writings of Rebecca West, 1911-17(1982), p. 157.
  • Yet there was an air of good humor about their idealism that made me feel they would not be too offended if I admitted that I regard socialists as well-meaning but muddle-headed brigands.
  • Nothing has spread Socialistic feeling in this country more than the use of automobiles. To the countryman they are a picture of arrogance of wealth with all its independence and carelessness.
  • A study has found that weaker men are more likely to be in favour ofredistributivetaxation.
    • Weak men more likely to be socialists, study claims,The Times, May 24 2017, Tom Whipple

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  • From the human point of view, return paid tonon-human factors of productionis unearned.... The employment of capital instruments and natural resources in economic production requires no personal hardship or exertion from any human being. The economic services provided by these factors of production are not corporeally inherent in human beings. The opposite is true of labor services, which can only be provided through the physical and mental activity of human beings.... The really grossly exaggerated personal incomes in society are dominated by property income, and this source of inequality would be abrogated by the equalization of property income distribution.
    • James A. Yunker, "The Social Dividend Under Market Socialism,"Annals of Public and Cooperative Economics,Vol. 48, No. 1 (1977), pp. 93-133

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  • In the era ofDebs,the first seventeen years of the twentieth century-until war created an opportunity to crush the movement-millions of Americans declared their adherence to the principles of socialism. Those were years of bitter labor struggles, the great walkouts of women garment workers in New York, the victorious multi-ethnic strike of textile workers inLawrence,Massachusetts,the unbelievable courage of coal miners inColorado,defying thepowerandwealthof theRockefellers.TheI.W.W.was born-revolutionary, militant, demanding "one bigunion"for everyone, skilled and unskilled,blackandwhite,menandwomen,native-born and foreign-born... Socialism was especially strong in the Southwest, among tenant farmers, railroad workers, coal miners, lumberjacks.Oklahoma,home of the fieryKate Richards O'Hare(jailed for opposing the war, she hurled a book through a skylight to bring fresh air into the foul-smelling jail block, bringing cheers from her fellow inmates) had 12,000 dues paying members in 1914 and over a hundred socialists in local offices.
  • Anyone who goes around the country, or reads carefully the public opinion surveys over the past decade, can see that huge numbers of Americans agree on what should be the fundamental elements of a decent society: guaranteed food,housing,medical carefor everyone; bread and butter as better guarantees of "national security"thangunsandbombs,democratic control ofcorporate power,equal rightsfor all races, genders and sexual orientations, a recognition of the rights ofimmigrantsas the unrecognized counterparts of our parents and grandparents, the rejection of war andviolenceas solutions for tyranny and injustice.
  • Thefreedomthatsocialismgave every man and enshrined in itsconstitutionis the freedom not to be abeggarand not to be exploited. Freedom from the fear of losing one’s job tomorrow, of being unable to pay for one’shousing,food,clothingand vitalmedicines.Of not being able to pay for theeducationand feed one’s children. Not being able to support elderly parents. A freedom to feel a full individual and not a human good sold in the labour market. A freedom that was granted to all regardless of their background, nationality or profession. Toworkers,peasants,scientistsandartists.Only such freedom can be recognised as true freedom. Its absence makes all the other freedoms meaningless.
  • In this struggle we are inspired by the example of those countries where staunch supporters of the socialist option are in power. They areChinawhich has the world in awe of its spectacular successes in theeconomyand the social sphere.Cuba,which theUS imperialismhas vainly tried to strangle for six decades. The dynamically developingVietnam.These countries challenge capitalistglobalization,refuse to submit to their diktat and score successes on the socialist path. The experience of fraternalByelorussiais highly instructive.

See also

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Social and political philosophy
Ideologies Anarchism⦿Aristocratic Radicalism(Nietzsche•Brandes...)⦿Autarchism⦿Ba'athism(•Aflaq•al-Assad•Hussein)⦿Communism⦿ (Neo-)Confucianism⦿Conservatism⦿Constitutionalism⦿Dark Enlightenment⦿Environmentalism⦿Fascism(•Islamo-•Eco-•Francoism...)vs.Nazism⦿Feminism(•Anarcha-•Radical•Gender-critical•Second-wave...)⦿Formalism/(Neo-)cameralism⦿Freudo-Marxism⦿Gaddafism/Third International Theory⦿Legalism⦿Leninism/Vanguardism⦿Juche(•Kim Il-sung•Kim Jong Il•Kim Jong Un...)⦿Liberalism⦿Libertarianism/Laissez-faireCapitalism⦿Maoism⦿Marxism⦿Mohism⦿Republicanism⦿Social democracy⦿Socialism⦿Stalinism⦿Straussianism⦿Syndicalism⦿Xi Jinping thought⦿New Monasticism(•MacIntyre•Dreher...)
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Concepts Alienation⦿Anarcho-tyranny⦿Anomie⦿Authority⦿Conquest's Laws of Politics⦿Duty⦿Eugenics⦿Elite⦿Elite theory⦿Emancipation⦿Equality⦿Freedom⦿Government⦿Hegemony⦿Hierarchy⦿Iron law of oligarchy⦿Justice⦿Law⦿Monopoly⦿Natural law⦿Noblesse oblige⦿Norms⦿Obedience⦿Peace⦿Pluralism⦿Polyarchy⦿Power⦿Propaganda⦿Property⦿Revolt⦿Rebellion⦿Revolution⦿Rights⦿Ruling class⦿Social contract⦿Social inequality⦿Society⦿State⦿Tocqueville effect⦿Totalitarian democracy⦿War⦿Utopia
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