Xá

Xá U+8D66,赦 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-8D66 ←赥 [U+8D65] CJK Unified Ideographs Noản→ [U+8D67]

Translingual

Han character

Xá(Kangxi radical155,Xích+4, 11 strokes,cangjie inputThổ kim nhân đại(GCOK),four-corner4834₀,composition⿰XíchPhác)

Derived characters

• Thích

References

• Kangxi Dictionary:page 1213,character 29
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 36999
• Dae Jaweon: page 1681, character 6
• Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 5, page 3507, character 6
• Unihan data for U+8D66

Chinese

simp.andtrad.		Xá
alternative forms		𢼜 𢽀

Glyph origin

Characters in the samephonetic series(Xích)(Zhengzhang, 2003)

	Old Chinese
浾	*sqraː
Hách	*qʰraːɡs, *qʰraːɡ
Xá	*hljaɡs
Hách	*qʰljaɡ, *kʰljaɡ, *hljaɡ
Hách	*qʰraːɡ
Hách	*qʰraːɡ
Xích	*kʰljaɡ
Xích	*kʰljaɡ
Thích	*qʰjaːɡ
赥	*qʰleːɡ
捇	*qʰʷreːɡ
Hạ	*qʰʷreːɡ

In the bronze script, it was written as𢼜,aphono-semanticcompound (Hình thanh／Hình thanh,OC*hljaɡs): phoneticDiệc(OC*laːɡ)+ semanticPhộc(“hand holding a stick”).In later scripts, the phonetic component was replaced withXích(OC*kʰljaɡ).

Etymology

Exoactive(causative) ofThích(OC*hljaɡ,“to unloose; to release” ) (Schuessler, 2007). Also related toXá(OC*hljaːʔ,“to let off” ) (Wang, 1982), of which there exists a derived readingXá(OC*hljaːs,“to let off; to liberate” ) that formed a variant relationship withXá(OC*hljaɡs), despite not having the same pronunciation in Old Chinese (*-aːsvs *-ags).

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Standard)

  (Pinyin):shè(she⁴)

  (Zhuyin):ㄕㄜˋ

  (Chengdu,Sichuanese Pinyin):se⁴

• Cantonese

  (Guangzhou–Hong Kong,Jyutping):se³

  (Taishan,Wiktionary):sie¹

• Gan(Wiktionary):sa⁴
• Hakka

  (Sixian,PFS):sa

  (Meixian,Guangdong):sa⁴

• Jin(Wiktionary):se³
• Northern Min(KCR):sia̿
• Eastern Min(BUC):siá
• Southern Min

  (Hokkien,POJ):sià

  (Teochew,Peng'im):sia³

• Wu(Shanghai,Wugniu):⁵so
• Xiang(Changsha,Wiktionary):she⁴

---

• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin:shè
    • Zhuyin:ㄕㄜˋ
    • Tongyong Pinyin:shè
    • Wade–Giles:shê⁴
    • Yale:shè
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh:sheh
    • Palladius:шэ(šɛ)
    • SinologicalIPA^(key):/ʂɤ⁵¹/
  • (Chengdu)
    • Sichuanese Pinyin:se⁴
    • Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz:se
    • SinologicalIPA^(key):/sɛ²¹³/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese,Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
    • Jyutping:se³
    • Yale:se
    • Cantonese Pinyin:se³
    • Guangdong Romanization:sé³
    • SinologicalIPA^(key):/sɛː³³/
  • (Taishanese,Taicheng)
    • Wiktionary:sie¹
    • SinologicalIPA^(key):/siɛ³³/
• Gan
  • (Nanchang)
    • Wiktionary:sa⁴
    • SinologicalIPA^(key):/sa³⁵/
• Hakka
  • (Sixian,incl.MiaoliandNeipu)
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ:sa
    • Hakka Romanization System:sa
    • Hagfa Pinyim:sa⁴
    • SinologicalIPA:/sa⁵⁵/
  • (Meixian)
    • Guangdong:sa⁴
    • SinologicalIPA:/sa⁵³/
• Jin
  • (Taiyuan)⁺
    • Wiktionary:se³
    • SinologicalIPA(old-style):/sɤ⁴⁵/
• Northern Min
  • (Jian'ou)
    • Kienning Colloquial Romanized:sia̿
    • SinologicalIPA^(key):/sia³³/
• Eastern Min
  • (Fuzhou)
    • Bàng-uâ-cê:siá
    • SinologicalIPA^(key):/siɑ²¹³/
• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī:sià
    • Tâi-lô:sià
    • Phofsit Daibuun:siax
    • IPA(Xiamen):/sia²¹/
    • IPA(Quanzhou):/sia⁴¹/
    • IPA(Zhangzhou):/sia²¹/
    • IPA(Taipei):/sia¹¹/
    • IPA(Kaohsiung):/sia²¹/
  • (Teochew)
    • Peng'im:sia³
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like:sià
    • SinologicalIPA^(key):/sia²¹³/
• Wu
  • (Northern:Shanghai)
    • Wugniu:⁵so
    • MiniDict:so^Khứ
    • Wiktionary Romanisation(Shanghai):²so
    • SinologicalIPA(Shanghai):/so³⁴/
• Xiang
  • (Changsha)
    • Wiktionary:she⁴
    • SinologicalIPA^(key)(old-style):/ʂɤ̞⁴⁵/
    • SinologicalIPA^(key)(new-style):/sɤ̞⁴⁵/

---

• Middle Chinese:syaeH

Rime
Character	Xá
Reading #	1/1
Initial(Thanh)	Thư(26)
Final(Vận)	Ma(100)
Tone(Điều)	Departing (H)
Openness(Khai hợp)	Open
Division(Đẳng)	III
Fanqie	ThủyDạThiết
Baxter	syaeH
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/ɕiaH/
Pan Wuyun	/ɕiaH/
Shao Rongfen	/ɕiaH/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/ɕiaH/
Li Rong	/ɕiaH/
Wang Li	/ɕĭaH/
Bernard Karlgren	/ɕi̯aH/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	shè
Expected Cantonese Reflex	se3

• Old Chinese

  (Baxter–Sagart):/*[l̥]Ak-s/

  (Zhengzhang):/*hljaɡs/

Baxter–Sagartsystem 1.1 (2014)
Character	Xá
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	shè
Middle Chinese	‹ syaeH ›
Old Chinese	/*[l̥]Ak-s/
English	to pardon
Notesfor Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhangsystem (2003)
Character	Xá
Reading #	1/1
No.	1472
Phonetic component	Xích
Rime group	Mộ
Rime subdivision	0
Corresponding MC rime	Xá
Old Chinese	/*hljaɡs/
Notes	ThuyếtVănHoặcTòngDiệcThanh

Definitions

Xá

1. topardon;toforgive
2. asurname

Compounds

• Tam xá
• Thập ác bất xá／Thập ác bất xá(shí'èbùshè)
• Đại xá(dàshè)
• Đại xá thiên hạ
• Ân xá(ēnshè)
• Phóng xá
• Khúc xá
• Đặc xá(tèshè)
• Đặc xá lệnh
• Độc giác xá thư／Độc giác xá thư
• Tội bất khả xá(zuìbùkěshè)
• Tứ xá
• Thế xá／Thế xá
• Xá miễn(shèmiǎn)
• Xá hựu(shèyòu)
• Xá văn
• Xá thư／Xá thư
• Xá tội(shèzuì)

Japanese

Kanji

Xá

(Jōyō kanji)

1. topardon

Readings

• Go-on:しゃ(sha,Jōyō)
• Kan-on:しゃ(sha,Jōyō)
• Kun:ゆるす(yurusu,Xá す)

Korean

Hanja

Xá•(sa)(hangeul사,revisedsa,McCune–Reischauersa,Yalesa)

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out andadd a translation,then remove the text{{rfdef}}.

Vietnamese

Han character

Xá:Hán Việtreadings:xá
Xá:Nômreadings:tha,xá,xóa/xoá

1. Nômform oftha(“toforgive”).

Compounds

• Xá thứ(tha thứ)