sinus

See also:Sinus,sínus,andsinüs

English

Etymology

Learned borrowingfromLatinsinus(“a bent surface, curve, hollow”).Doubletofsine.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key):/ˈsaɪ.nəs/

• Audio(Southern England):

  (file)

• Rhymes:-aɪnəs

Noun

sinus(pluralsinuses)

1. (anatomy,zootomy)Apouchorcavityin aboneor othertissue,especially one in the bones of thefaceorskullconnecting with thenasal cavities(theparanasal sinus).

   Hyponyms:ethmoid sinus,frontal sinus,maxillary sinus,paranasal sinus,piriform sinus,Rokitansky-Aschoff sinus,sphenoid sinus

2. (anatomy)Anirregularvenousorlymphaticcavity,reservoir,ordilatedvessel.

   Hyponyms:carotid sinus,cavernous sinus,coronary sinus,lateral sinus,petrosal sinus,sagittal sinus,sigmoid sinus,straight sinus,transverse sinus,venous sinus

   1. (physiology,attributive)Relating to or denoting thesinoatrial nodeof theheartor its function ofregulatingtheheartbeat.
3. (pathology)Anabnormalcavityorpassagesuch as afistula,leading from adeep-seatedinfectionanddischargingpusto the surface.
4. (botany)Aroundednotchordepressionbetween twolobesorteethin themarginof aleaforpetal.
5. (geography)Abayof thesea;arecessin theshore.
6. (trigonometry)Synonym ofsine.
   • 1884November 29, “Aerial Navigation”, inScientific American: A Weekly Journal of Practical Information, Art, Science, Mechanics, Chemistry, and Manufactures,volume LI, number22,New York, N.Y.:Munn & Co.,translation of original byVictor TatininLa Nature,page342,column 1:

     So, in the helicopteron, as the helix is at the same time a sustaining plane, it should be likened to a surface moving horizontally, and in which, consequenty, the resistance to motion will be to the lifting power as thesinusis to the cosinus of the angle formed by such plane with the horizon.

   • 1996,Pentti Zetterberg, Matti Eronen, Markus Lindholm, “Construction of a 7500-Year Tree-Ring Record for Scots Pine (Pinus sylvestris,L.) in Northern Fennoscandia and its Application to Growth Variation and Palaeoclimatic Studies”, in Heinrich Spiecker, Kari Mielikäinen, Michael Köhl, Jens Peter Skovsgaard, editors,Growth Trends in European Forests(European Forest Institute Research Report;No. 5),Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg,→ISBN,page15:

     The variations are described in terms of cycles ofsinusesand cosinuses.

   • 2007,Vladimir G. Ivancevic, Tijana T. Ivancevic, “Introduction: Human and Computational Mind”, inComputational Mind: A Complex Dynamics Perspective(Studies in Computational Intelligence;60),Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg,→ISBN,→LCCN,section 1 (Natural Intelligence and Human Mind), pages60–61:

     Basically, the rotation of the matrix of the factor loadings L represents its post-multiplication, i.e. L* = LO by the rotation matrix O, which itself resembles one of the matrices included in the classical rotational Lie groupsSO(m) (containing the specificm–fold combination ofsinusesand cosinuses.

Derived terms

• confluence of sinuses
• dural sinus
• dural venous sinus
• extrasinus
• inferior petrosal sinus
• inferior sagittal sinus
• intrasinus
• nonsinus
• parasinus
• pyriform sinus
• sick sinus syndrome
• sinal
• sino-,sinu-,sinuso-
• sinus brady
• sinuscope
• sinusectomy
• sinusitis
• sinuslike
• sinus node
• sinusoid
• sinus pudoris
• sinus rhythm
• sinus tachy
• sinus venosus
• sphenoidal sinus
• superior petrosal sinus
• superior sagittal sinus
• urogenital sinus

Translations

pouch or cavity in a bone or other tissue

• Afrikaans:sinus,sinussepl
• Arabic:جَيْب اَلْأُنْفm(jayb al-ʔunf)

  Egyptian Arabic:جيوب أنفيةfpl(geyuub ʔanfeya)

• Asturian:senu(ast)m
• Bulgarian:синус(bg)m(sinus)
• Catalan:si(ca)m
• Chinese:

  Mandarin:Đậu／Đậu(zh)(dòu)

• Czech:sinus(cs)m,dutina(cs)f
• Esperanto:sinuso
• Finnish:ontelo(fi)
• French:sinus(fr)m
• Galician:seo(gl)m
• German:Sinus(de)m,(paranasal)Nasennebenhöhle(de)f
• Hungarian:üreg(hu)
• Ido:sinuso(io)
• Italian:seno(it)m
• Japanese:Phó tị khang(ja)(ふくびこう, fukubikō)
• Maori:pakohu
• Plautdietsch:Hollinjf
• Polish:zatoka(pl)f
• Portuguese:seio(pt)m
• Romanian:sinus(ro)n
• Russian:па́зуха(ru)f(pázuxa)
• Spanish:seno(es)m
• Volapük:sinud

venous or lymphatic cavity

• Chinese:

  Mandarin:Đậu／Đậu(zh)(dòu)

relating to the sinoatrial node

• Chinese:

  Mandarin:Đậu tính／Đậu tính(dòuxìng)

abnormal cavity or passage

• Finnish:avanne(fi)
• Russian:свищ(ru)m(svišč),фи́стула(ru)f(fístula)

References

• “sinus”,inLexico,Dictionary.com;Oxford University Press,2019–2022.
• “sinus”,inMerriam-Webster Online Dictionary,Springfield, Mass.:Merriam-Webster,1996–present.

Anagrams

• Sunis,nisus

Albanian

Etymology

Learned borrowingfromLatinsinus.

Noun

sinusm

1. (trigonometry)sine

Further reading

• “sinus”,inFGJSH: Fjalor i gjuhës shqipe[Dictionary of the Albanian language] (in Albanian),2006
• “sinus”, inFGJSSH: Fjalor i gjuhës së sotme shqipe[Dictionary of the modern Albanian language]‎^[1](in Albanian),1980

Catalan

Etymology

Learned borrowingfromLatinsinus.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key):(Central,Balearic,Valencia)[ˈsi.nus]

Noun

sinusm(invariable)

1. sine

Derived terms

• cosinus

See also

• tangent
• cosecant
• secant
• cotangent

Further reading

• “sinus”inDiccionari de la llengua catalana, segona edició,Institut d’Estudis Catalans.

Czech

Etymology

Learned borrowingfromLatinsinus.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key):[ˈsɪnus]
• Hyphenation:si‧nus

Noun

sinusminan

1. (trigonometry)sine
2. (anatomy)sinus

Declension

Declension ofsinus(hard masculine inanimate foreign)

	singular	plural
nominative	sinus	sinusy,siny
genitive	sinusu,sinu	sinusů,sinů
dative	sinusu,sinu	sinusům,sinům
accusative	sinus	sinusy,siny
vocative	sinuse,sine	sinusy,siny
locative	sinusu,sinuse,sinu	sinusech,sinech
instrumental	sinusem,sinem	sinusy,siny

Related terms

• kosinus

Further reading

• “sinus”,inPříruční slovník jazyka českého(in Czech),1935–1957
• “sinus”,inSlovník spisovného jazyka českého(in Czech),1960–1971, 1989
• sinusinAkademický slovník cizích slov,1995, at prirucka.ujc.cas.cz

Danish

Etymology

Learned borrowingfromLatinsinus.

Noun

sinusc(singular definitesinussen,plural indefinitesinusser)

1. (trigonometry)sine

Dutch

Etymology

Learned borrowingfromLatinsinus.

Pronunciation

• Audio:

  (file)

• Hyphenation:si‧nus

Noun

sinusm(pluralsinussen,diminutivesinusjen)

1. (trigonometry)sine
2. sinus

Descendants

• →Indonesian:sinus
• →Papiamentu:sinùs

French

Etymology

Learned borrowingfromLatinsinus.Doubletofsein.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key):/si.nys/

• Audio:

  (file)

Noun

sinusm(pluralsinus)

1. (anatomy)sinus
2. (trigonometry)sine

See also

• cosécante
• cosinus
• cotangente
• sécante
• tangente

Further reading

• “sinus”,inTrésor de la langue française informatisé[Digitized Treasury of the French Language],2012.

Indonesian

Etymology

BorrowedfromDutchsinus,fromLatinsinus.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key):[ˈsinʊs]
• Rhymes:-nʊs,-ʊs,-s
• Hyphenation:si‧nus

Noun

sinus(first-person possessivesinusku,second-person possessivesinusmu,third-person possessivesinusnya)

1. sinus:
   1. (anatomy)a pouch or cavity in a bone or other tissue, especially one in the bones of the face or skull connecting with the nasal cavities (the paranasal sinus).
   2. (pathology)an abnormal cavity or passage such as a fistula, leading from a deep-seated infection and discharging pus to the surface.
2. (trigonometry)sine:in a right triangle, the ratio of the length of the side opposite an angle to the length of the hypotenuse.

Derived terms

• sinus etmoid
• sinus frontalis
• sinus maksila
• sinus maksilaris
• sinus stenoid

Further reading

• “sinus”inKamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia,Jakarta:Agency for Language Development and Cultivation–Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of the Republic of Indonesia,2016.

Latin

Etymology 1

FromProto-Indo-European*sinos;akin toAlbaniangji(“breast, bosom”).

The mathematical sense ‘chord of an arc, sine’ was introduced in the 12th century byGherardo of Cremonaas asemantic loanfromArabicجَيْب(jayb,“chord, sine”)(ultimately a loan fromSanskritज्या(jyā,“bowstring”)) by confusion withجَيْب(jayb,“bosom, fold in a garment”).

Pronunciation

• (Classical Latin)IPA^(key):/ˈsi.nus/,[ˈs̠ɪnʊs̠]
• (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical)IPA^(key):/ˈsi.nus/,[ˈsiːnus]

Noun

sinusm(genitivesinūs);fourth declension

1. (chieflypoetic)abentsurface;acurve,fold,hollow
2. (literal)thehangingfoldof atogaover thebreast;apocket,lap

   Synonym:gremium

   1. (transferred sense)
      1. apurse,money,which was carried in thebosomof thetoga
      2. (poetic)agarment
         • 8CE,Ovid,Fasti4.431–432:

           ‘comitēs, accēdite’ dīxit
           ‘et mēcum plēnōs flōrē refertēsinūs.’

           ‘‘Come, my companions,’’ she said,
           ‘‘and with me you all [can] carry back flowers, filling thefolds of your garments.’’
           (Persephoneand her attendants wander away from the protection of her mother Ceres and the other matrons prior to Persephone’s abduction.)

      3. thebosom,breast

         Synonym:pectus

         • Beda Venerabilis,Historia Ecclesiastica gentis AnglorumIII.2:

           Qui cum sedens ad mensam non haberet ad manum, ubi oblatum sibi munus reponeret, misit hoc insinumsibi.

           Having nowhere to put what had been brought him when sitting at the table, he shoved it into hisbosom.

   2. (figurative)
      1. thebosomforlove,protection,asylum
      2. theinterior,inmostpart of a thing
      3. apower,possessionof someone
      4. ahiding place,placeofconcealment;asecretfeeling
3. agulf,bay,bight
   • 29BCE– 19BCE,Virgil,Aeneid1.160–161:

     [insula] quibus omnis ab altō
     frangitur inquesinūsscindit sēsē unda reductōs.

     [an island] against which every wave [coming] from the deep sea shatters, and [thus] diminished, spreads itself into thebay.

   1. thelandlying on or apointoflandthat helps to form agulf
   2. abasin,hollow,valley
   3. (Medieval Latin)afjord
4. (Medieval Latin,mathematics)thechordof anarc;asine

Inflection

Fourth-declensionnoun.

Case	Singular	Plural
Nominative	sinus	sinūs
Genitive	sinūs	sinuum
Dative	sinuī	sinibus
Accusative	sinum	sinūs
Ablative	sinū	sinibus
Vocative	sinus	sinūs

Quotations

Aeneid(Pūblius Vergilius Marō) lines 1.160–161: Latin:quibus omnis ab altō // frangitus inque sinūs scindit sēsē͡ unda reductōs. English: on which all the waves from the deep are broken and it splits itself into receeding ripples.

Derived terms

• sinuō(verb)
• sinuōsus(adjective)

Descendants

Descendants ofsinus

• →Aromanian:sin
• Asturian:senu,sen
• Catalan:si;→sina
• →English:sinus,sine
• French:sein;→sinus
• Friulian:sen
• Italian:seno
• Old Galician-Portuguese:sẽo,seo
  • Galician:seo
  • Portuguese:seio
• Piedmontese:sen
• →Portuguese:sino,seno(learned)
• Romanian:sân
• Romansch:sain
• Sardinian:sinu
• Sicilian:sinu
• Spanish:seno
• Venetan:sen

Etymology 2

FromProto-Indo-European*sh₁ih₂sno-,deverbative of*seh₁y-‘to sift, strain’ (compareAncient Greekἠθέω(ēthéō),Lithuaniansijóti,Serbo-Croatiansȉjati).

Alternative forms

• sīnum

Pronunciation

• (Classical Latin)IPA^(key):/ˈsiː.nus/,[ˈs̠iːnʊs̠]
• (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical)IPA^(key):/ˈsi.nus/,[ˈsiːnus]

Noun

sīnusm(genitivesīnī);second declension

1. a largerounddrinkingvesselwithswellingsides, shaped like abowl

Inflection

Second-declensionnoun.

Case	Singular	Plural
Nominative	sīnus	sīnī
Genitive	sīnī	sīnōrum
Dative	sīnō	sīnīs
Accusative	sīnum	sīnōs
Ablative	sīnō	sīnīs
Vocative	sīne	sīnī

References

• “sinus”,inCharlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879)A Latin Dictionary,Oxford: Clarendon Press
• “sinum”,inCharlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879)A Latin Dictionary,Oxford: Clarendon Press
• “sinus”,inCharlton T. Lewis (1891)An Elementary Latin Dictionary,New York: Harper & Brothers
• sinusin Charles du Fresne du Cange’sGlossarium Mediæ et Infimæ Latinitatis(augmented edition with additions by D. P. Carpenterius, Adelungius and others, edited by Léopold Favre, 1883–1887)
• sinusinGaffiot, Félix (1934)Dictionnaire illustré latin-français,Hachette.
• Carl Meißner, Henry William Auden (1894)Latin Phrase-Book‎^[2],London:Macmillan and Co.
  • the heart of the city:sinus urbis(Sall. Cat. 52. 35)
    
  • the city is situate on a bay:urbs in sinu sita est
    
  • to rejoice in secret:in sinu gaudere(Tusc. 3. 21. 51)
    
  • to love and make a bosom friend of a person:aliquem in sinu gestare (aliquis est in sinu alicuius)(Ter. Ad. 4. 5. 75)
    
  • (ambiguous)to be driven into the arms of philosophy:in sinum philosophiae compelli
    
• “sinus”,inHarry Thurston Peck, editor (1898),Harper's Dictionary of Classical Antiquities,New York: Harper & Brothers
• “sinus”,inWilliam Smith, editor (1854, 1857),A Dictionary of Greek and Roman Geography,volume1 & 2,London: Walton and Maberly

Northern Sami

Noun

sinus

1. locativesingularofsitnu

Norwegian Bokmål

Etymology

Learned borrowingfromLatinsinus.

Noun

sinusm(definite singularsinusen,indefinite pluralsinuser,definite pluralsinusene)

1. (trigonometry)sine
2. (anatomy)sinus

Related terms

• cosinus

References

• “sinus”inThe Bokmål Dictionary.

Norwegian Nynorsk

Etymology

Learned borrowingfromLatinsinus.

Noun

sinusm(definite singularsinusen,indefinite pluralsinusar,definite pluralsinusane)

1. (trigonometry)sine
2. (anatomy)sinus

Related terms

• cosinus

References

• “sinus”inThe Nynorsk Dictionary.

Polish

sinus

Etymology

Learned borrowingfromNew Latinsinus.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key):/ˈsi.nus/

• Audio:

  (file)

• Rhymes:-inus
• Syllabification:si‧nus

Noun

sinusminan(related adjectivesinusowy)

1. (trigonometry)sine,sinus(in a right triangle, the ratio of the length of the side opposite an angle to the length of the hypotenuse)

   Hypernym:funkcja trygonometryczna

   Coordinate terms:cosecans,cosinus,cotangens,secans,tangens

Declension

Declension ofsinus

	singular	plural
nominative	sinus	sinusy
genitive	sinusa/sinusu	sinusów
dative	sinusowi	sinusom
accusative	sinus	sinusy
instrumental	sinusem	sinusami
locative	sinusie	sinusach
vocative	sinusie	sinusy

Related terms

adjective

• sinusoidalny

adverb

• sinusoidalnie

noun

• sinusoida

Further reading

• sinusinWielki słownik języka polskiego,Instytut Języka Polskiego PAN
• sinusin Polish dictionaries at PWN

Romanian

Etymology

BorrowedfromFrenchsinus,fromLatinsinus.

Noun

sinusn(pluralsinusuri)

1. sine(trigonometric function)

Swedish

Etymology

Learned borrowingfromLatinsinus.

Noun

sinusc

1. (trigonometry)sine
2. (anatomy)sinus

Declension

No inflected forms.sinusis used for the definite singular.

Further reading

• sinusinSvenska Akademiens ordlista(SAOL)
• sinusinSvensk ordbok(SO)
• sinusinSvenska Akademiens ordbok(SAOB)

Veps

Pronoun

sinus

1. inessiveofsinä