Cực

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See also:Cực
CựcU+6975,極
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-6975
←Đế
[U+6974] 		CJK Unified Ideographs Tiết→
[U+6976]

Translingual

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Han character

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Cực(Kangxi radical75,Mộc+8, 12 strokes,cangjie inputMộc nhất thủy nhất(DMEM) orMộc cung thủy nhất(DNEM),four-corner41914,composition⿰MộcCức)

Derived characters

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References

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  • Kangxi Dictionary:page 542,character 2
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 15181
  • Dae Jaweon: page 929, character 7
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 2, page 1240, character 10
  • Unihan data for U+6975

Chinese

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trad. Cực
simp. Cực*

Glyph origin

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Historical forms of the characterCực
Spring and Autumn
Bronze inscriptions
Characters in the samephonetic series(Cẩu)(Zhengzhang, 2003)
Old Chinese
Cức *kʰɯɡs, *kɯɡ
Cẩu *kɯɡ
Cức *kɯɡ
Cực *ɡɯɡ

Phono-semanticcompound (Hình thanh／Hình thanh,OC*ɡɯɡ): semanticMộc(“tree, wood”)+ phoneticCức(OC*kʰɯɡs, *kɯɡ)– originally meaning acrossbeamrafter.

Etymology

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FromProto-Sino-Tibetan*kak(“expensive; at its peak”)(STEDT). Cognate withCức(OC*kɯɡ,“urgent” ),Cức(OC*kɯɡ,“to kill” ) (Schuessler, 2007).

Pronunciation 1

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  • Dialectal data
Variety Location Cực
Mandarin Beijing /t͡ɕi³⁵/
Harbin /t͡ɕi²⁴/
Tianjin /t͡ɕi⁴⁵/
Jinan /t͡ɕi⁴²/
Qingdao /t͡ɕi⁴²/
Zhengzhou /t͡ɕi²⁴/
Xi'an /t͡ɕi²⁴/
Xining /t͡ɕji²⁴/
Yinchuan /t͡ɕi¹³/
Lanzhou /t͡ɕi⁵³/
Ürümqi /t͡ɕi⁵¹/
Wuhan /t͡ɕi²¹³/
Chengdu /t͡ɕi³¹/
Guiyang /t͡ɕi²¹/
Kunming /t͡ɕi³¹/
Nanjing /t͡ɕiʔ⁵/
Hefei /t͡ɕiəʔ⁵/
Jin Taiyuan /t͡ɕiəʔ²/
Pingyao /t͡ɕiʌʔ¹³/
Hohhot /t͡ɕiəʔ⁴³/
Wu Shanghai /d͡ʑiɪʔ¹/
Suzhou /d͡ʑiəʔ³/
Hangzhou /d͡ʑiəʔ²/
Wenzhou /d͡ʑai²¹³/
Hui Shexian /t͡ɕʰi²²/
Tunxi /t͡ɕʰie¹¹/
Xiang Changsha /t͡ɕi²⁴/
Xiangtan /t͡ɕʰi²⁴/
Gan Nanchang /t͡ɕʰiʔ²/
Hakka Meixian /kʰit̚⁵/
Taoyuan /kʰit̚⁵⁵/
Cantonese Guangzhou /kek̚²/
Nanning /kek̚²²/
Hong Kong /kik̚²/
Min Xiamen(Hokkien) /kik̚⁵/
Fuzhou(Eastern Min) /kiʔ⁵/
Jian'ou(Northern Min) /ki²⁴/
Shantou(Teochew) /kek̚⁵/
Haikou(Hainanese) /kek̚³/
Rime
Character Cực
Reading # 1/1
Initial(Thanh) Quần(30)
Final(Vận) Chức(134)
Tone(Điều) Checked (Ø)
Openness(Khai hợp) Open
Division(Đẳng) III
Fanqie CừLựcThiết
Baxter gik
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang 		/ɡɨk̚/
Pan
Wuyun 		/ɡɨk̚/
Shao
Rongfen 		/ɡiek̚/
Edwin
Pulleyblank 		/gik̚/
Li
Rong 		/ɡiək̚/
Wang
Li 		/ɡĭək̚/
Bernard
Karlgren 		/gi̯ək̚/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex 		jí
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex 		gik6
Baxter–Sagartsystem 1.1 (2014)
Character Cực
Reading # 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin) 		jí
Middle
Chinese 		‹ gik ›
Old
Chinese 		/*[ɡ](r)ək/
English extreme

Notesfor Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhangsystem (2003)
Character Cực
Reading # 1/1
No. 5738
Phonetic
component 		Cẩu
Rime
group 		Chức
Rime
subdivision 		0
Corresponding
MC rime 		Cực
Old
Chinese 		/*ɡɯɡ/

Definitions

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Cực

  1. †ridgepole;ridgepiece
  2. †highestposition;toprank
  3. †throne;seatofstate
  4. †highestpoint;top;peak
    Đăng phong tạoCực／Đăng phong tạoCực―dēngfēngzàojí― to reach great heights
  5. extremity;limit;end;utmostpoint
  6. extreme;of the highestdegree;utmost;furthest;final
    CựcPhẩm／CựcPhẩm―jípǐn― item of the highest quality
    CựcHạn／CựcHạn―jíxiàn― limit, the utmost limits
  7. extremely;exceedingly;very
    Thống khổCựcLiễu／Thống khổCựcLiễu―tòngkǔjíle― extremely painful
    CựcBấtMãn ý／CựcBấtMãn ý―jíbù mǎnyì― extremely dissatisfied
    Phì ngưuThiếtĐắcCựcBạc.[MSC,trad.]
    Phì ngưuThiếtĐắcCựcBạc.[MSC,simp.]
    Féiniú qiē dejíbáo.[Pinyin]
    The beef was sliced extremely thin.
  8. (Cantonese)at great length;exceedingly
    GiảngCựcĐôNgôMinh／GiảngCựcĐôNgôMinh[Cantonese]―gong2gik6dou1m4ming4[Jyutping]― not understand despite lengthy explanation
    UấnCựcĐôUấnNgôĐáoKhái?[Cantonese,trad.]
    UấnCựcĐôUấnNgôĐáoKhái?[Cantonese,simp.]
    wan2gik6dou1wan2m4dou3ge2?[Jyutping]
    Why do I still not find it
    ThêCực／ThêCực[Cantonese]―tai2gik6[Jyutping]― to watch closely or in great amounts
  9. (Cantonese)at most
    QuýCựcMễĐôHệNhậpVăn[Cantonese,trad.]
    QuýCựcMễĐôHệNhậpVăn[Cantonese,simp.]
    gwai3gik6mai6dou1hai6jaa6man1[Jyutping]
    Its price is at most $20.
  10. †highestnorm;higheststandard
  11. (Wu)to beanxious;toworry;todisturboneself
  12. (Wu)tofear
  13. (Wu)todenyawrongdoing;tocheat
    LạiCựcBì／LạiCựcBì[Shanghainese]―6la-jiq-bi[Wugniu]― cheater in games (who e.g. objects to losing, being thrown out of the game, or who denies having cheated)
  14. (geography,physics)pole
    BắcCực／BắcCực―běijí― north pole
    ÂmCực／ÂmCực―yīnjí― negative pole, cathode
  15. (astronomy)Polaris
  16. quindecillion(1048)
  17. †toreach(thelimitorstandard)
    VậtCựcTất phản／VậtCựcTất phản―wùjíbìfǎn― a thing turns into its opposite if pushed too far
    VịCựcNhân thần／VịCựcNhân thần―wèijírénchén― to have reached the highest official positions
  18. †toexhaust;to do one'sutmost
  19. †tostudydeeply;toexaminedeeply
  20. †Alternative form ofCức(jí,“topunish”)

Compounds

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See also

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Chinese numerals
104 108 1012 1016 1020 1024 1028 1032 1036 1040 1044 1048
Vạn／Vạn(wàn) Ức／Ức(yì) Triệu(zhào)(Taiwan) Kinh(jīng)(Taiwan) Cai(gāi) Tỉ(zǐ) Nhương(ráng) Câu／Câu(gōu) Giản／Giản(jiàn) Chính(zhèng) Tái／Tái(zài) Cực／Cực(jí)
Vạn ức／Vạn ức(wànyì)
(Mainland China) 		ỨcỨc/ỨcỨc
(Mainland China)

Pronunciation 2

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Definitions

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Cực

  1. †Alternative form ofCức(“fast;speedy”)
  2. †Alternative form ofCức(“anxiously”)

Pronunciation 3

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Definitions

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Cực

  1. †Alternative form ofCức(“repeatedly”)

References

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Japanese

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Kanji

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Cực

(Fourth grade kyōiku kanji)

  1. extreme
  2. pole (eg. North Pole); extremity, zenith
  3. quindecillion

Readings

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Compounds

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Etymology 1

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Kanjiin this term
Cực
ごく
Grade: 4
goon

Pronunciation

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Adverb

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Cực(ごく)•(goku)

  1. very,extremely
    ごくHi(まれ)に
    gokumare ni
    veryrarely; seldom
    ごくPhổ thông(ふつう)
    gokufutsū
    veryordinary
    ごくHạn(かぎ)られたNhân(ひと)
    gokukagirareta hito
    averylimited group of people
Usage notes
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This word is usually written in hiragana.

Number

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Cực(ごく)•(goku)

  1. [from 1627]1048,quindecillion

Etymology 2

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Kanjiin this term
Cực
きょく
Grade: 4
kan'on

Pronunciation

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Noun

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Cực(きょく)•(kyoku)

  1. extreme,extremity,height,zenith
    Bì 労Khốn bại(ひろうこんぱい)のCực(きょく)にĐạt(たっ)する
    hirō konpai nokyokuni tassuru
    to reach the highest level of fatigue; to become extremely exhausted
  2. (physics,astronomy,geometry)pole

Korean

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Etymology

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FromMiddle ChineseCực(MCgik). Recorded asMiddle Korean극(kuk)(Yale:kuk) inHunmong Jahoe(Huấn mông tự hội / 훈몽자회), 1527.

Hanja

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KoreanWikisourcehas texts containing thehanja:

Wikisource

Cực(eumhun다할극(dahal geuk))

  1. hanjaform?of극(“pole;extremity”)

Compounds

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Compounds

References

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  • 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 ( quốc tế thối khê học hội đại khâu khánh bắc chi bộ )(2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary,전자사전／ điện tử tự điển.[2]

Vietnamese

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Han character

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Cực:Hán Nômreadings:cực,cọc

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out andadd a translation,then remove the text{{rfdef}}.
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