Chính

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See also:,,Sước,andPhạp
ChínhU+6B63,正
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-6B63
Chỉ
[U+6B62]
CJK Unified Ideographs Thử
[U+6B64]

𝍶U+1D376,𝍶
IDEOGRAPHIC TALLY MARK FIVE
𝍵
[U+1D375]
Counting Rod Numerals 𝍷
[U+1D377]

Translingual

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Stroke order
5 strokes
Stroke order

Alternative forms

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As a component of some complex characters,Chínhis often written as𤴓with its last two strokes different. CompareThịandThị.

Han character

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Chính(Kangxi radical77,Chỉ+1, 5 strokes,cangjie inputNhất bặc trung nhất(MYLM),four-corner10101,compositionNhấtChỉ)

  1. Shuowen Jieziradical №31

Usage notes

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  • (tally marks,5):The successive strokes ofChính(East Asian tally marks 1 through 5) are used in China, Taiwan, Japan, Korea and other areas where Chinese characters are prominent to designate tallies in votes, scores, points, sushi orders, and the like, much asis used in Africa, the Americas, Australia, and Europe. Tallies beyond five are written with aChínhfor each group of five, followed by the remainder. For example, a tally of twelve12 in tally marks as used in Europe, Zimbabwe, Australia, and North Americais written asChính chính hạ.

Derived characters

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References

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  • Kangxi Dictionary:page 574,character 2
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 16255
  • Dae Jaweon: page 962, character 2
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 2, page 1436, character 1
  • Unihan data for U+6B63

Chinese

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simp.andtrad.
Chính
alternative forms

Glyph origin

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Historical forms of the characterChính
Shang Western Zhou Shuowen Jiezi(compiled inHan) Liushutong(compiled inMing)
Oracle bone script Bronze inscriptions Small seal script Transcribed ancient scripts

Phono-semanticcompound (Hình thanhHình thanh,OC*tjeŋ, *tjeŋs): phoneticĐinh(OC*rteːŋ, *teːŋ)+ semanticChỉ(foot)– to go on a long journey. Original form ofChinh(OC*tjeŋ,“to go on long campaign” ).

Etymology

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Sino-Tibetan or area word: “centre; target; first (month); straight; correct”.

CompareMizodîng(to go straight or direct (as person, arrow etc.); to go straight through without breaking the journey; straight; direct).Matisoffsets upProto-Sino-Tibetan*m-tjak/ŋ ~ tik/ŋ(good; very; real; straight)for this, which includesChính,Trực(OC*dɯɡ,“straight; right” ) andThật(OC*ɦliɡ,“solid; true” ).

Additionally,MatisoffhasProto-Sino-Tibetan*t(r)waŋ(straight; straighten),whenceChepangधेङ्सा(dʰeŋ-,straight),Jingphoding(straight),Tibetanདྲང་པོ(drang po,straight; correct; upright; just; fair),Burmeseတန်း(tan:,straight; to head straight for).Also compareKhmerទៀង(tiĕng,accurate; correct; exact; precise; honest)andThaiดิ่ง(dìng,vertically; straight; to plummet).

Derivatives:

  • Chinh(OC*tjeŋ,“to go straight > to go on a journey” )
  • Chính(OC*tjeŋs,“correct; to govern; government; to determine” )
  • Chỉnh(OC*tjeŋʔ,“orderly; to arrange; to dispose” )

For etymology of pronunciationChính(zhĕng) in the monthChính nguyệt(zhēngyuè)'s name, see there.

Pronunciation 1

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Note:
  • zeng3 - vernacular;
  • zing3 - literary.
Note:
  • chang/zang4 - vernacular;
  • chṳn/zen4 - literary.
Note:
  • ciáng - vernacular;
  • céng - literary.
Note:
  • chiàⁿ - vernacular;
  • chèng - literary.

Rime
Character Chính
Reading # 2/2
Initial(Thanh) Chương(23)
Final(Vận) Thanh(121)
Tone(Điều) Departing (H)
Openness(Khai hợp) Open
Division(Đẳng) III
Fanqie ChiThịnhThiết
Baxter tsyengH
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang
/t͡ɕiᴇŋH/
Pan
Wuyun
/t͡ɕiɛŋH/
Shao
Rongfen
/t͡ɕiæŋH/
Edwin
Pulleyblank
/ciajŋH/
Li
Rong
/t͡ɕiɛŋH/
Wang
Li
/t͡ɕĭɛŋH/
Bernard
Karlgren
/t͡ɕi̯ɛŋH/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex
zhèng
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex
zing3
BaxterSagartsystem 1.1 (2014)
Character Chính
Reading # 2/2
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)
zhèng
Middle
Chinese
‹ tsyengH ›
Old
Chinese
/*teŋ-s/
English correct (adj., v.)

Notesfor Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhangsystem (2003)
Character Chính
Reading # 2/2
No. 17178
Phonetic
component
Chính
Rime
group
Canh
Rime
subdivision
0
Corresponding
MC rime
Chính
Old
Chinese
/*tjeŋs/

Definitions

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Chính

  1. straight;uprightinproperposition;middle
    ChínhMônChínhMônzhèngménfrontdoor
    BảHọaQuảiChính.BảHọaQuảiChính.Bǎ huà guàzhèng.― Hang the paintingstraight.
    Antonym:Oai(wāi)
  2. right;proper;correct;upright
    ChínhLộzhèngrightway;correctpath
    ChínhPháizhèngpài― decent; upright; proper
    CôngChínhgōngzhèng― just; fair
    ThaTác phongBấtChính.ThaTác phongBấtChính.Tā zuòfēng bùzhèng.― He behaves with impropriety.
    Hành đắcChínhXí đắcChính[Cantonese,trad.andsimp.]
    haang4dak1zeng3kei5dak1zeng3[Jyutping]
    to act in apropermanner
  3. obverse;right
    25Mỹ phânNgạnh tệĐíchChínhDiệnThịHoa thịnh đốnTổng thốngĐíchĐầu tượng.[MSC,trad.]
    25Mỹ phânNgạnh tệĐíchChínhDiệnThịHoa thịnh đốnTổng thốngĐíchĐầu tượng.[MSC,simp.]
    25 měifēn yìngbì dezhèngmiàn shì Huáshèngdùn zǒngtǒng de tóuxiàng.[Pinyin]
    Theobverseof a quarter shows the profile of George Washington.
    Antonym:Phản
  4. regular;standard
    ChínhQuyChínhQuyzhèngguī― regular; standard
    ChínhGiaizhèngkǎiregularscript
  5. precisely;directly;perfectly
    ChínhTiền phươngzhèngqiánfāngstraightahead
    ChínhNamzhèngnánduesouth
    TrươngSàngTịchChínhTrươngThư đàiCách li.[Cantonese,trad.]
    TrươngSàngTịchChínhTrươngThư đàiCách li.[Cantonese,simp.]
    zoeng1cong4hai2zeng3zoeng1syu1toi4-2gaak3lei4.[Jyutping]
    (please add an English translation of this usage example)
  6. primary;chief;main;full
    ChínhVănzhèngwénmainbody
    ChínhPhóChủ nhậmzhèngfù zhǔrèn― [full] director and deputy director
    ChínhTỉnh cấpChínhTỉnh cấpzhèngxǐngjí― [full-]provincial level
  7. pure;unmixed;authentic;true
    ChínhHồng sắcChínhHồng sắczhènghóngsèpurered
  8. pretty;attractive;beautiful
  9. (Cantonese)awesome;fantastic
    YGianXan thínhChínhNha![Cantonese,trad.]
    YGianXan thínhChínhNha![Cantonese,simp.]
    ji1gaan1caan1teng1zeng3aa3![Jyutping]
    This restaurant isawesome!
  10. just now;right now;in theprocessof
    NgãChínhĐẳngTrứNi.NgãChínhĐẳngTrứNi.zhèngděng zhe ne.― I'mwaiting.
    Ngoại diệnChínhTạiHạ tuyết.Wàimiànzhèngzài xiàxuě.― It'ssnowing outside.
    NaThời hầuNgãChínhTạiThượng hảiĐộc thư.[MSC,trad.]
    NaThời hầuNgãChínhTạiThượng hảiĐộc thư.[MSC,simp.]
    Nà shíhòu wǒzhèngzài Shànghǎi dúshū.[Pinyin]
    At that time Iwasstudying in Shanghai
  11. just;exactly;precisely
    ChínhNhưNhĩCương tàiThuyếtĐích.[MSC,trad.]
    ChínhNhưNhĩCương tàiThuyếtĐích.[MSC,simp.]
    Zhèngrú nǐ gāngcái shuō de.[Pinyin]
    Preciselyas you have said just now
  12. tostraighten;to makestraight
    BảMạo tửChínhNhấtChínhbǎ màozǐzhèngzhèng― tostraightenout one’s hat
  13. tomakeright;torectify;tocorrect
    ChínhÂmzhèngyīn― tocorrectone's pronunciation
  14. (numeral)tenduodecillion(1040)
  15. (mathematics)regular
    ChínhLục biên hìnhChínhLục biên hìnhzhèngliùbiānxíngregularhexagon
    ChínhTứ diện thểChínhTứ diện thểzhèngsìmiàntǐregulartetrahedron
  16. (mathematics)positive;plus
    ChínhChỉnh sổChínhChỉnh sổzhèngzhěngshùpositiveinteger
  17. (physics)positive
    ChínhCựcChínhCựczhèngpositivepole
  18. (time)sharp;on the dot
    ChínhNgọzhèng― noon
    Nhi giaHệNgũ điểmChính.[Cantonese,trad.]
    Nhi giaHệNgũ điểmChính.[Cantonese,simp.]
    ji4gaa1hai6ng5dim2zing3.[Jyutping]
    It's 5 o'clockon the dot.
  19. (Hakka,Teochew)only;merely
  20. (Hakka,Teochew)just;just now
  21. (Hakka,Teochew)onlythen;onlyafter
  22. (Hakka,Teochew)Used to emphasize that something is/is not.
  23. (Southern Min)right(direction)
  24. asurname
  25. (tally marks)five(successive strokes ofChínhare added in writing sequence to tally a count of five per character)

Synonyms

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Antonyms

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  • (antonym(s) ofright):(Hokkien,Teochew)Đảo(,“left” )

Compounds

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See also

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Chinese numerals
104 108 1012 1016 1020 1024 1028 1032 1036 1040 1044 1048
VạnVạn(wàn) ỨcỨc() Triệu(zhào)(Taiwan) Kinh(jīng)(Taiwan) Cai(gāi) Tỉ() Nhương(ráng) CâuCâu(gōu) GiảnGiản(jiàn) Chính(zhèng) TáiTái(zài) CựcCực()
Vạn ứcVạn ức(wànyì)
(Mainland China)
ỨcỨc/ỨcỨc
(Mainland China)

Pronunciation 2

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Note:
  • ciăng - vernacular;
  • cĭng - literary.

Rime
Character Chính
Reading # 1/2
Initial(Thanh) Chương(23)
Final(Vận) Thanh(121)
Tone(Điều) Level (Ø)
Openness(Khai hợp) Open
Division(Đẳng) III
Fanqie ChưDoanhThiết
Baxter tsyeng
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang
/t͡ɕiᴇŋ/
Pan
Wuyun
/t͡ɕiɛŋ/
Shao
Rongfen
/t͡ɕiæŋ/
Edwin
Pulleyblank
/ciajŋ/
Li
Rong
/t͡ɕiɛŋ/
Wang
Li
/t͡ɕĭɛŋ/
Bernard
Karlgren
/t͡ɕi̯ɛŋ/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex
zhēng
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex
zing1
BaxterSagartsystem 1.1 (2014)
Character Chính
Reading # 1/2
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)
zhēng
Middle
Chinese
‹ tsyeng ›
Old
Chinese
/*C.teŋ/
English 1st (month)

Notesfor Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhangsystem (2003)
Character Chính
Reading # 1/2
No. 17171
Phonetic
component
Chính
Rime
group
Canh
Rime
subdivision
0
Corresponding
MC rime
Chinh
Old
Chinese
/*tjeŋ/
Notes GiápVănTòngChỉĐinhThanh,
TrưngVăn

Definitions

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Chính

  1. first(monthof thelunaryear)
    TânChínhxīnzhēng― first month of the lunar new year
  2. bull's eye;centreoftarget
  3. target;goal
  4. Original form ofChinh(zhēng,“tolevy”).
  5. Original form ofChinh(zhēng,“togoon apunitiveexpedition”).

Compounds

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Descendants

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Sino-Xenic(Chính):

Others:

  • Lao:ຈຽງ(chīang,first month of the lunar year)
  • Lü:ᦵᦈᧂ(ṫseng, “first month inDailunar calendar, starting in November” )
  • Northern Thai:ᨠ᩠ᨿᨦ(first month of the lunar year)
  • Shan:ၸဵင်(tsǎeng,first month of the Shan year, starting December-January)
  • Ahom:𑜋𑜢𑜂𑜫(chiṅ,first month of the lunar year)
  • Vietnamese:giêng(first month of theVietnameselunar year, starting January-February)

Japanese

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Kanji

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Chính

(First grade kyōiku kanji)

  1. correct
  2. justice
  3. (arithmetic)positive
  4. (geometry)regular

Readings

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Compounds

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Derived terms

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Etymology 1

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Kanjiin this term
Chính
せい
Grade: 1
kan'on

Noun

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Chính(せい)(sei)

  1. correctness

Pronoun

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Chính(せい)(sei)

  1. Sinh:(humble)Iorme,thefirst person singular(used by males)

Numeral

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Chính(せい)(sei)

  1. A number of ten-duodecillion(1040) in modern Japanese since 17th century.
  2. 5, as tally marks. Similar to four vertical lines followed by a slanted horizontal line crossing through them, this character is used to count to 5 stroke by stroke. Thus this kanji written up to the third stroke represents 3. After the fifth and final stroke, when this character is completed, one starts writing this character again to count to higher numbers.

Etymology 2

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Kanjiin this term
Chính
しょう
Grade: 1
goon

Prefix

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Chính(しょう)(shō-)

  1. (history)"senior"rankingforVị(-i,Japanese courtier rank)
    Antonym:(ju-)
    Chính(しょう)Nhất(いち)Vị()
    shōichī
    senior rank 1
    Chính(しょう)Tam(さん)Vị()
    shōsanmi
    senior rank 3
    Chính(しょう)Cửu()Vị()
    shōkui
    senior rank 9
  2. Chính:exactly(of a number)

Adjective

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Chính(しょう)(shō)-na(adnominalChính(しょう)(shōna),adverbialChính(しょう)(shōni))

  1. proper;straight,direct;genuine,true

Numeral

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Kanjiin this term
Chính
しょう
Grade: 1
on'yomi

Chính(しょう)(shō)

  1. ten-duodecillion(1040)

Etymology 3

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Proper noun

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Kanjiin this term
Chính
ただし
Grade: 1
nanori
Kanjiin this term
Chính
まさし
Grade: 1
nanori

Chính(まさし)orChính(ただし)orChính(たゞし)(MasashiorTadashi)

  1. a malegiven name

Korean

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Etymology 1

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FromMiddle ChineseChính(MCtsyengH).

Pronunciation

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  • (SK Standard/Seoul)IPA(key):[t͡ɕɘ(ː)ŋ]
  • Phonetic hangul:[(ː)]
    • Though still prescribed in Standard Korean, most speakers in both Koreas no longer distinguish vowel length.

Hanja

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KoreanWikisourcehas texts containing thehanja:

Wikisource

Chính(eumhun바를(bareul jeong))

  1. Hanjaform?of(straight;upright;erect).

Compounds

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Etymology 2

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FromMiddle ChineseChính(MCtsyeng).

Pronunciation

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Hanja

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Chính(eumhun정월(Chính nguyệt))

  1. hanjaform?of(first(monthof thelunaryear))
  2. hanjaform?of(target)

Compounds

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References

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  • 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 ( quốc tế thối khê học hội đại khâu khánh bắc chi bộ )(2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary,전자사전/ điện tử tự điển.[1]

Vietnamese

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Han character

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Chính:Hán Việtreadings:chinh(Chi(chi)Thịnh(thịnh)Thiết(thiết)),chánh[1][2],chính[3][4][1][2][5]
Chính:Nômreadings:chánh[3][4][1][2][5],chênh[1],chính[3][4][1][2][6],chếnh[1][7][2][5][6],chiếng[3],chỉnh[1],giêng[1]

  1. Chữ Hánform ofchánh(chief;head).
  2. Chữ Hánform ofchính(main;major,chief;just,righteous).
  3. Nômform ofchếnh.

Derived terms

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References

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