Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/lěto

ThisProto-Slavicentry containsreconstructed terms and roots.As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directlyattested,but are hypothesized to have existed based oncomparativeevidence.

Proto-Slavic

Etymology

FromProto-Balto-Slavic*laita,fromProto-Indo-European*leh₁tóm,*loyt-(“warm part of the year”).Cognate withOld Irishlaithen(“day”),Swedishlåding,lådig(“spring”).

Noun

*lě̀ton^[1]^[2]

summer
year

Declension

Declensionof*lě̀to(hard o-stem, accent paradigm a)

	singular	dual	plural
nominative	*lě̀to	*lě̀tě	*lě̀ta
genitive	*lě̀ta	*lě̀tu	*lě̀tъ
dative	*lě̀tu	*lě̀toma	*lě̀tomъ
accusative	*lě̀to	*lě̀tě	*lě̀ta
instrumental	lě̀tъmь,lě̀tomь^*	*lě̀toma	*lě̀tȳ
locative	*lě̀tě	*lě̀tu	*lě̀tě̄xъ
vocative	*lě̀to	*lě̀tě	*lě̀ta

^*-ъmьin North Slavic,-omьin South Slavic.

Descendants

East Slavic:
- Old East Slavic:лѣто(lěto)
  - Old Ruthenian:лѣто(lěto)
    - Belarusian:ле́та(ljéta)
    - Carpathian Rusyn:лї́то(ljíto)
    - Ukrainian:лі́то(líto)
  - Russian:ле́то(léto),ле́та(léta,“year (only)”)
South Slavic:
- Old Church Slavonic:
  Old Cyrillic script:лѣто(lěto)
  
  Glagolitic script:ⰾⱑⱅⱁ(lěto)
- Bulgarian:ля́то(ljáto)
- Macedonian:лето(leto)
- Serbo-Croatian:
  Cyrillic script:ле̏то,ље̏то
  
  Latin script:lȅto,ljȅto
- Slovene:lẹ́to(tonal orthography)
West Slavic:
- Old Czech:léto
  - Czech:léto
  - Knaanic:לֵיטוֹ(léto)
- Polabian:ľotü
- Old Polish:lato
  - Polish:lato
  - Silesian:lato
- Slovak:leto
- Pomeranian:
  - Kashubian:lato
  - Slovincian:latô
- Sorbian:
  - Upper Sorbian:lěto,lěćo
  - Lower Sorbian:lěto,lěśe

Non-Slavic:
- →Romanian:leat

References

^Derksen, Rick(2008) “*lě̀to”, inEtymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon(Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden, Boston: Brill,→ISBN,page274:“n. o (a) ‘summer’”
^Olander, Thomas (2001) “lěto”, inCommon Slavic Accentological Word List‎^[1],Copenhagen: Editiones Olander:“asummer (NA 115, 133, 143; SA 23, 199; PR 132; MP 24; RPT 111)”