cha

See also:Appendix:Variations of "cha"

Translingual

Symbol

cha

1. (international standards)ISO 639-2&ISO 639-3language codeforChamorro.

English

Etymology 1

FromChineseTrà(chá),fromProto-Sino-Tibetan*s-la,via two routes: in some cases fromHindustaniचा(cā)/چا(cā)(a variant of the same root, fromPersianچا,which led tochai), from Northern Chinese; in other cases fromTrà(chá)/t͡sʰɑː²¹/,the pronunciation found in Canton (Guangzhou), where the British bought much of their tea in the 19th century.Doubletoftea,which is from the Amoy Min Nan pronunciationtê.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key):/t͡ʃɑː/

• Audio(Southern England):

  (file)

• Rhymes:-ɑː

Noun

cha(uncountable)

1. tea,sometimes(dialect)specificallymasala chai

   Would you like a cup ofcha?

   • 1934August 4,George Herriman,Krazy Kat,Saturday, comic strip,→ISBN,page206:

     [Krazy Kat, bringing a full tray:] Look, folkses – hot dogs, hotcha,hot peppa pots, hot timollies – hot kuffy.^[sic]

Synonyms

• tea

Derived terms

• chasericulture

Related terms

• chai
• char
• chaw

Etymology 2

Pronunciation spellingofyou,especially when preceded by atsound.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key):/t͡ʃʌ/

• Audio(Southern England):

  (file)

• Rhymes:-ʌ

Pronoun

cha

1. (dialectal,nonstandard)You.
   • 1976,Flying Magazine,page34:

     You mean you can't fly after you've had a few beers? You can drive, can'tcha?

   • 2005,Busta Rhymes, CeeLo Green (lyrics and music), “Don't Cha”, performed by Pussycat Dolls:

     Don'tchawish your girlfriend was a freak like me?

   • 2008,Barbara L. Jent,The Weddin' Day,Barbara Jent,→ISBN,page157:

     “You'll be ridin' with us, won'tcha,Josh?”

Derived terms

• dincha
• doncha
• gotcha

Etymology 3

Fromcha-cha(q.v.)

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key):/t͡ʃɑː/

• Audio(Southern England):

  (file)

• Rhymes:-ɑː

Particle

cha

1. (dance)Used to count out steps, particularly involving the hip-shaking sections of rhythmic Latin dances

   One–two–cha–cha–cha
   Three–four–cha–cha–cha

Derived terms

• ha-cha-cha

Etymology 4

From theMcCune-Reischauerromanization ofKorean자(ja).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key):/t͡ʃɑː/

• Audio(Southern England):

  (file)

• Rhymes:-ɑː

Noun

cha(pluralchasorcha)

1. (Korean units of measure)Synonym ofKorean foot:atraditionalunitoflengthequivalenttoabout30.3cm.

See also

• cha chaan teng

Anagrams

• ACH,CAH,HAC,HCA,ach,cah

Alemannic German

Alternative forms

• cheemen,cheme,cho,chomu,choo,chéeme

Etymology

FromOld High Germankweman,chuman,fromProto-Germanic*kwemaną.Cognate withGermankommen,Dutchkomen,Englishcome,Icelandickoma,Gothic𐌵𐌹𐌼𐌰𐌽(qiman).

Verb

cha

1. (Uri)tocome

Conjugation

conjugation of cha –Urner dialect

infinitive		cha
past participle		cha
		singular			plural
		1stperson ich, i	2ndperson du	3rdperson er/si/es	1stperson mir	2ndperson ir	3rdperson si
indicative	present	chuume	chunsch	chunt	chemme	chemmet	chemme
subjunctive	present	chemm,chemmi	chemmesch	chemm,chemmi	chemme	chemmet	chemme
	past	chëm,chëmi,chëmt,chëmti,chiem,chiemi	chëmesch,chëmtesch,chiemesch	chëm,chëmi,chëmt,chëmti,chiem,chiemi	chëme,chëmte,chieme	chëmet,chëmtet,chieme	chëme,chëmte,chieme
imperative	affirmative	—	chu	—	—	chemmet	—

Derived terms

• ubercha

References

• Abegg, Emil,(1911)Die Mundart von Urseren(Beiträge zur Schweizerdeutschen Grammatik. IV.) [The Dialect of Urseren], Frauenfeld, Switzerland: Huber & Co., page 86.

Atong (India)

Alternative forms

• char

Etymology

FromHindiचार(cār).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key):/t͡ɕa/

Numeral

cha(Bengali scriptচা)

1. four

Synonyms

• byryi
• por

References

• van Breugel, Seino. 2015.Atong-English dictionary,second edition. Available online:https://www.academia.edu/487044/Atong_English_Dictionary.Stated in Appendix 3.

Irish

Etymology

FromMiddle Irishníco(n),noco(n),nocho(n),nocha(n),fromOld Irishnícon,nacon,fromnícon.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key):/ha(ː)/

Particle

cha(Triggerslenitionofb,c,f,g,m,p,s.Triggerseclipsisofd,t.)

1. (Ulster)not

   Chaphósann sí é.

   She willnotmarry him.

   Chadtugaim.

   I donotgive, I willnotgive.

Usage notes

Used only in some varieties ofUlster Irish.Not used with the future tense; a future meaning can be conveyed by using it with the present tense.

Synonyms

• ní(used in Munster Irish, Connacht Irish, and some varieties of Ulster Irish)

Related terms

• chan(used before vowel sounds)
• char(used before the past tense)

Further reading

• Ó Dónaill, Niall(1977) “cha”,inFoclóir Gaeilge–Béarla,Dublin: An Gúm,→ISBN
• Gregory Toner, Sharon Arbuthnot, Máire Ní Mhaonaigh, Marie-Luise Theuerkauf, Dagmar Wodtko, editors (2019), “nícon”,ineDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language

Japanese

Romanization

cha

1. Thehiraganasyllableちゃ(cha)or thekatakanasyllableチャ(cha)inHepburnromanization.

Kapampangan

Etymology

BorrowedfromChineseTrà(chá),highly likely viaCantonesecaa⁴rather thanHokkientê.

Noun

cha

1. tea

Lower Sorbian

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key):/xa/

Noun

chaminan

1. The name of theLatin-scriptletterch/Ch.

See also

• (Latin-script letter names)a,bej,cej,čet,ćej,dej,ej,ět,ef,gej,ha,cha,i,jot,ka,eł,el,em,en,ejn,o,pej,er,ejŕ,es,eš,śej,tej,u,wej,y,zet,žet,źej

Mandarin

Romanization

cha

1. Nonstandardspelling ofchā.
2. Nonstandardspelling ofchá.
3. Nonstandardspelling ofchǎ.
4. Nonstandardspelling ofchà.

Usage notes

• Transcriptionsof Mandarin into the Latin script often do not distinguish between the criticaltonaldifferences employed in the Mandarin language, using words such as this one without indication of tone.

Manx

Etymology 1

FromMiddle Irishníco(n),noco(n),nocho(n),nocha(n),fromOld Irishnícon,nacon,fromnícon.CompareIrishní,cha,Scottish Gaeliccha.

Particle

cha

1. not

   Chabee'n poosey ayn.―The marriage will not take place.

   Chavelblasser.―It has no taste.

Usage notes

• Used with the dependent form of a verb. With the copula, the verb may be suppressed.
• Becomeschanbefore a vowel.

Etymology 2

Adverb

cha

1. Alternative form ofcho

References

• Gregory Toner, Sharon Arbuthnot, Máire Ní Mhaonaigh, Marie-Luise Theuerkauf, Dagmar Wodtko, editors (2019), “nícon”,ineDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language

Navajo

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key):[t͡ʃʰɑ̀]

Noun

cha

1. crying,weeping

Pacoh

Etymology

FromProto-Katuic*caa,fromProto-Mon-Khmer*caʔ.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key):[caː]

Verb

cha

1. toeat

Affixed forms

• pacha("to feed")
• tanna("food")

Pali

Pali cardinal numbers

< 5	6	7 >
Cardinal:cha Ordinal:chaṭṭha

Alternative forms

Alternative scripts

• 𑀙(Brahmi script)
• छ(Devanagari script)
• ছ(Bengali script)
• ඡ(Sinhalese script)
• ဆorꧡ(Burmese script)
• ฉorฉะ(Thai script)
• ᨨ(Tai Tham script)
• ຉorຉະ(Lao script)
• ឆ(Khmer script)
• 𑄍(Chakma script)

Etymology

Apparently fromSanskrit*ष्वष्(ṣvaṣ),variant ofषष्(ṣaṣ);see there for further etymology.

Numeral

cha

1. six

Declension

Optionally indeclinable.

Declension table of "cha"

Case \ Number	Plural
Nominative (first)	cha
Accusative (second)	cha
Instrumental (third)	chahi
Dative (fourth)	channaṃ
Ablative (fifth)	chahi
Genitive (sixth)	channaṃ
Locative (seventh)	chasu

Pipil

Pronunciation

• (standard)IPA^(key):/ˈt͡ʃa/

Verb

-cha

1. Clipping of-chiwa.

Romansch

Etymology

(Thisetymologyis missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at theEtymology scriptorium.)

Conjunction

cha

1. (Puter,Vallader)that

Alternative forms

• che(Rumantsch Grischun,Sursilvan)
• ca,c'(Sutsilvan)
• tgi(Surmiran)

Pronoun

cha

1. (Puter,Vallader)who,whom

Alternative forms

• che(Rumantsch Grischun,Sursilvan)
• tge(Sutsilvan)
• tgi(Surmiran)

Scottish Gaelic

Etymology

FromMiddle Irishnochan,fromOld Irishnícon,fromní(“not”)+con(“toward”).Cognates includeIrishchaandManxcha.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key):/xa/
• Hyphenation:cha

Particle

cha

1. Used together with a dependent form of a verb to form the negative:not

   Charobh bean aig Iain.―Ian didn'thave a wife.

Usage notes

• Before a word starting with a vowel orfh,the formchanis used.
• Lenites the following word unless it starts withtord,although in some dialects those words may be lenited as well.

Verb

cha

1. Negative forms of the copula:isnot

   Chamhise m’ athair.―Iam notmy father.

   Chabhòrd bòrd gun aran ach ’s bòrd aran leis fhèin.―A table without breadis notable but bread is a table by itself.

   Chatoigh leam càise.―I don'tlike cheese.

Usage notes

• Before a word starting with a vowel orfh,the formchanis used.
• Lenites the following word unless it starts withtord,although in some dialects those words may be lenited as well.
• Does not lenite pronouns except formi,mise.

Inflection

Conjugation ofis(highly irregular, defective)

		singular			plural
		first	second	thirdm/f	first	second	third
independent	present	ismi	istu	ise/i	issinn	issibh	isiad
	past	bumhi	butu	b'e/i	businn	busibh	b'iad
	conditional
negative	present	chamhi	chatu	chane/i	chasinn	chasibh	chaniad
	past	chabumhi	chabutu	chab'e/i	chabusinn	chabusibh	chab'iad
	conditional
affirmative interrogative	present	ammi?	antu?	ane/i?	ansinn?	ansibh?	aniad?
	past	ambumhi?	ambutu?	amb'e/i?	ambusinn?	ambusibh?	amb'iad?
	conditional
Negative interrogative	present	nachmi?	nachtu?	nache/i?	nachsinn?	nachsibh?	nachiad?
	past	nachbumhi?	nachbutu?	nachb'e/i?	nachbusinn?	nachbusibh?	nachb'iad?
	conditional

References

• Gregory Toner, Sharon Arbuthnot, Máire Ní Mhaonaigh, Marie-Luise Theuerkauf, Dagmar Wodtko, editors (2019), “nícon”,ineDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language
• Colin Mark(2003) “cha”, inThe Gaelic-English dictionary,London: Routledge,→ISBN,page129

Spanish

Alternative forms

• chá

Etymology

BorrowedfromPortuguesechá,fromMacaneseCantoneseTrà(caa⁴).CompareTagalogtsa,Cebuanotsa.Doubletofté.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key):/ˈt͡ʃa/[ˈt͡ʃa]
• Rhymes:-a
• Syllabification:cha

Noun

cham(pluralchas)

1. (Philippines,historical)tea

   Synonym:té

Further reading

• “cha”,inDiccionario de la lengua española[Dictionary of the Spanish Language] (in Spanish), 23rd edition,Royal Spanish Academy,2014 October 16
• Abella, Venancio María de (1874)Vade-Mecum Filipino ó manual de la conversacion familiar Español-Tagalog. Seguido de un curioso Vocabulario de Modismos Manileños.‎^[2],12.ᵃedition (overall work in Spanish and Tagalog), Escolta, Manila: Ramirez y Giraudier, á cargo de C. Miralles., page115

Swahili

Pronunciation

• Audio(Kenya):

  (file)

Etymology 1

Verb

-cha(infinitivekucha)

1. todawn,(of the sun)torise

   Antonym:-chwa

2. tofear,beafraid

Usage notes

In Standard Swahili, the sense "to fear" is used of reverential fear, generally fearing God. However, in the Mombasa dialect, it is used as a synonym of-ogopa.

Conjugation

Conjugation of-cha
Positive present -nakucha Subjunctive -che Negative -chi Imperative singular kucha
Infinitives
Positive kucha Negative kutokucha
Imperatives
Singular kucha Plural kucheni
Tensed forms
Habitual hucha Positive past positive subject concord+ -likucha Negative past negative subject concord+ -kucha
Positive present (positive subject concord+ -nakucha) Singular Plural 1st person ninakucha/nakucha tunakucha 2nd person unakucha mnakucha 3rd person m-wa(I/II) anakucha wanakucha other classes positive subject concord+ -nakucha
Negative present (negative subject concord+ -chi) Singular Plural 1st person sichi hatuchi 2nd person huchi hamchi 3rd person m-wa(I/II) hachi hawachi other classes negative subject concord+ -chi
Positive future positive subject concord+ -takucha Negative future negative subject concord+ -takucha
Positive subjunctive (positive subject concord+ -che) Singular Plural 1st person niche tuche 2nd person uche mche 3rd person m-wa(I/II) ache wache other classes positive subject concord+ -che
Negative subjunctive positive subject concord+ -siche Positive present conditional positive subject concord+ -ngekucha Negative present conditional positive subject concord+ -singekucha Positive past conditional positive subject concord+ -ngalikucha Negative past conditional positive subject concord+ -singalikucha
Gnomic (positive subject concord+ -acha) Singular Plural 1st person nacha twacha 2nd person wacha mwacha 3rd person m-wa(I/II) acha wacha m-mi(III/IV) wacha yacha ji-ma(V/VI) lacha yacha ki-vi(VII/VIII) chacha vyacha n(IX/X) yacha zacha u(XI) wacha seen(X)orma(VI)class ku(XV/XVII) kwacha pa(XVI) pacha mu(XVIII) mwacha
Perfect positive subject concord+ -mekucha "Already" positive subject concord+ -meshakucha "Not yet" negative subject concord+ -jacha "If/When" positive subject concord+ -kicha "If not" positive subject concord+ -sipokucha Consecutive kacha/positive subject concord+ -kacha Consecutive subjunctive positive subject concord+ -kache
Object concord (indicative positive) Singular Plural 1st person -nicha -tucha 2nd person -kucha -wacha/-kucheni/-wacheni 3rd person m-wa(I/II) -mcha -wacha m-mi(III/IV) -ucha -icha ji-ma(V/VI) -licha -yacha ki-vi(VII/VIII) -kicha -vicha n(IX/X) -icha -zicha u(XI) -ucha seen(X)orma(VI)class ku(XV/XVII) -kucha pa(XVI) -pacha mu(XVIII) -mucha Reflexive -jicha
Relative forms General positive (positive subject concord+ (object concord) + -cha- +relative marker) Singular Plural m-wa(I/II) -chaye -chao m-mi(III/IV) -chao -chayo ji-ma(V/VI) -chalo -chayo ki-vi(VII/VIII) -chacho -chavyo n(IX/X) -chayo -chazo u(XI) -chao seen(X)orma(VI)class ku(XV/XVII) -chako pa(XVI) -chapo mu(XVIII) -chamo Other forms (subject concord+tense marker+relative marker+ (object concord) + -kucha) Singular Plural m-wa(I/II) -yekucha -okucha m-mi(III/IV) -okucha -yokucha ji-ma(V/VI) -lokucha -yokucha ki-vi(VII/VIII) -chokucha -vyokucha n(IX/X) -yokucha -zokucha u(XI) -okucha seen(X)orma(VI)class ku(XV/XVII) -kokucha pa(XVI) -pokucha mu(XVIII) -mokucha
Some forms not commonly seen in modern Standard Swahili are absent from the table. SeeAppendix:Swahili verbsfor more information.

Derived terms

• Verbal derivations:
  • Applicative:-chea
  • Causative:-chesha
  • Passive:-chewa

• Nominal derivations:
  • mcha

Etymology 2

Other scripts
Ajami	گَـ

Particle

cha

1. Ki classinflected form of-a.

Swazi

Interjection

cha

1. no

Tagalog

Etymology 1

Pronunciation

• (Standard Tagalog)IPA^(key):/ˈt͡ʃa/[ˈt͡ʃa]
  • IPA^(key):(no yod coalescence)/ˈt͡ʃa/[ˈt̪͡ʃɐ]
• Rhymes:-a
• Syllabification:cha

Noun

cha(Baybayin spellingᜆ᜔ᜐ)

1. Alternative form oftsa

Etymology 2

From fastpronunciation spellingoftihaya.

Pronunciation

• (Standard Tagalog)IPA^(key):/ˈt͡ʃaʔ/[ˈt͡ʃaʔ]
  • IPA^(key):(no yod coalescence)/ˈt͡ʃaʔ/[ˈt̪͡ʃɐʔ]
• Rhymes:-aʔ
• Syllabification:cha

Adjective

châ(Baybayin spellingᜆ᜔ᜐ)(card games,dated,slang)

1. face-up(in playing cards)

   Synonym:tihaya

   Antonyms:chub,taob

Alternative forms

• chaya,tsaya

See also

• pog
• tao
• teks

Vietnamese

Etymology

CompareLimchoweseTra(zaa1,“father” ).

Pronunciation

• (Hà Nội)IPA^(key):[t͡ɕaː˧˧]
• (Huế)IPA^(key):[t͡ɕaː˧˧]
• (Saigon)IPA^(key):[caː˧˧]

• Audio(Hà Nội):

  (file)

• Audio(Saigon):

  (file)

Noun

cha•(Sạ,Tra,𤕔)

1. (datedorliteraryorCatholicism)afather
2. (Southern Vietnam,humorous)adude

   Synonyms:bố,cha nội

   Thôi dẹp đicha!

   Stop it,dude!

Pronoun

cha

1. (datedorliterary)I/me,your father
2. (datedorliterary)you,my father
3. (Catholicism)you, father

Derived terms

Derived terms

• cha chú
• cha nội
• ông cha
• thằng cha

See also

• chả
• ba
• bọ
• bố
• cậu
• thầy
• tía

Further reading

• "cha"in Hồ Ngọc Đức,Free Vietnamese Dictionary Project(details)

Welsh

Verb

cha

1. Aspirate mutation ofca.

Mutation

Welsh mutation
radical	soft	nasal	aspirate
ca	ga	ngha	cha
Note:Some of these forms may be hypothetical. Not every possible mutated form of every word actually occurs.

Western Apache

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key):[tʃa]

Noun

cha

1. beaver

Woleaian

Etymology

FromProto-Micronesian*caa,fromProto-Oceanic*draʀaq,fromProto-Malayo-Polynesian*daʀaq,fromProto-Austronesian*daʀaq.

Noun

cha

1. blood

Verb

cha

1. (stative)red
2. (stative)bloody,bleeding

Ye'kwana

Variant orthographies

ALIV	cha
Brazilian standard	cha
New Tribes	cha

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key):[t͡ʃa]

Particle

cha

1. Allomorph ofka(interrogative particle)used after words that end ini.

Zacatepec Chatino

Adjective

cha

1. sharp

Zulu

Etymology

(Thisetymologyis missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at theEtymology scriptorium.)

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key):/ǀʰá/

Interjection

cha

1. no

   Synonym:qha

References

• C. M. Doke,B. W. Vilakazi(1972) “cha”, inZulu-English Dictionary,→ISBN:“cha(2)”