co

See also:Appendix:Variations of "co"andсо

Languages (29)

Translingual•English

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Czech•Dalmatian•Dumbea•Esperanto•Fijian•Galician•Gallo•Ido•Kashubian•Khumi Chin•Ladin•Lower Sorbian•Macanese•Middle Irish•Norman•Northern Kurdish•Old Irish•Old Polish•Polish•Romansch•Silesian•Spanish•Venetan•Vietnamese•West Makian•Wutunhua•Yola

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Page categories

Translingual

Symbol

co

1. (international standards)ISO 639-1language codeforCorsican.

See also

• Wiktionary's coverage of Corsican terms

English

Pronunciation

• (Received Pronunciation)enPR:kō,IPA^(key):/kəʊ/
• (General American)enPR:kō,IPA^(key):/koʊ/

• Audio(Southern England):

  (file)

• Rhymes:-oʊ

Etymology 1

Noun

co(pluralcos)

1. (colloquial)Clipping ofcompany.
2. (stenoscript)Abbreviationofcompanyand related forms of that word.

Alternative forms

• co.,Co,Co.

Derived terms

• newco
• yield co

Etymology 2

Coinedby feminist writer Mary Orovan in 1970; in common usage inintentional communitiesof theFederation of Egalitarian Communities.

Pronoun

co(third-person singular, gender-neutral,reflexivecoself)

1. (nonstandard)Gender-neutralsubject pronoun, coordinate with gendered pronounsheandshe.
   • 1983,Ingrid Komar,Living the Dream: A Documentary Study of Twin Oaks Community:

     Coconsistently does less thancosshare of the Community work. 4.Coabsentscoselffrom the Community for more than three weeks [...]

   • 1996,Brett Beemyn, Mickey Elianon,Queer studies: a lesbian, gay, bisexual, & transgender anthology,page74:

     At the very least, an individual might have to use different terms to describecoselfin a heterosexual context thancouses in a sexual minority context [...]

   • 2004April 1, Pieira dos Lobos, “Fern's Story two”, inalt.magick.serious(Usenet):

     A youngster of my own introduction had been rejected by an object of preadolescent craving and had killedcoselfby leaping at the ceiling of co's quarters.Cowas a rising Large Game star, her spring was powerful, our gravity flux was low - co's head struck the surface with enough force to kill on impact.

2. (nonstandard)Gender-neutralobject pronoun, coordinate with gendered pronounshimandher.

Derived terms

• cos
• coself

Anagrams

• Oc,O. C.,oc,Oc.,O.C.,OC

Czech

Etymology

InheritedfromOld Czechčso,fromProto-Slavic*čьto,fromProto-Indo-European*kʷid,*kʷis.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key):[ˈt͡so]

• Audio:

  (file)

Pronoun

con

1. what

   Cose děje?―What's up?

   Cose stalo?―Whathappened?

Declension

Declension ofco(sg-only inanimate pronoun)

	singular
nominative	co
genitive	čeho
dative	čemu
accusative	co
vocative	—
locative	čem
instrumental	čím

Conjunction

co

1. that

   Od té doby,cojsme spolu…―Since we’ve been together…(literally, “Since the timethatwe’ve been together…”)

2. what

   Ví,cochce.―He knowswhathe wants.

Particle

co

1. (indeclinable)isn't it so,don't you think?

   To je pěkné,co?―That’s nice,isn’t it?

Derived terms

• cokoli
• cokoliv
• copak
• cosi
• což
• cože
• něco
• nic
• no a co

See also

• kdo
• kdy
• kde

Further reading

• “co”,inPříruční slovník jazyka českého(in Czech),1935–1957
• “co”,inSlovník spisovného jazyka českého(in Czech),1960–1971, 1989
• “co”,inInternetová jazyková příručka(in Czech)

Dalmatian

Etymology

FromLatinquod.

Pronoun

co

1. what

Dumbea

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key):/soː/

Noun

co

1. water

References

• Leenhardt, M. (1946)Langues et dialectes de l'Austro-Mèlanèsie.Cited in: "ⁿDuᵐbea"in Greenhill, S.J.,Blust, R.,&Gray, R.D.(2008).The Austronesian Basic Vocabulary Database: From Bioinformatics to Lexomics.Evolutionary Bioinformatics,4:271–283.
• Shintani, T.L.A. & Païta, Y. (1990)Dictionnaire de la langue de Païta,Nouméa:Sociéte d'etudes historiques de Nouvelle-Calédonie.Cited in: "Drubea"in Greenhill, S.J.,Blust, R.,&Gray, R.D.(2008).The Austronesian Basic Vocabulary Database: From Bioinformatics to Lexomics.Evolutionary Bioinformatics,4:271–283.

Esperanto

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key):[t͡so]

• Audio:

  (file)

• Hyphenation: co

Noun

co(accusative singularco-on,pluralco-oj,accusative pluralco-ojn)

1. The name of theLatin-scriptletterC/c.

See also

• (Latin-script letter names)litero;a,bo,co,ĉo,do,e,fo,go,ĝo,ho,ĥo,i,jo,ĵo,ko,lo,mo,no,o,po,ro,so,ŝo,to,u,ŭo,vo,zo

Fijian

Noun

co

1. grass

Galician

Etymology

From contraction of prepositioncon(“with”)+ masculine definite articleo(“the”).

Contraction

com(femininecoa,masculine pluralcos,feminine pluralcoas)

1. withthe

Gallo

Etymology

FromOld Frenchcoc.

Noun

com

1. rooster,cockerel,cock

Ido

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key):/t͡so/

Pronoun

co(pluralci)

1. Alternative form ofico(“this”)

Kashubian

Etymology

InheritedfromProto-Slavic*čьto.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key):/ˈt͡sɔ/
• Rhymes:-ɔ
• Syllabification:co

Pronoun

co

1. interrogative pronoun;what?
2. relative pronoun;thatwhat...,which,that

Declension

Declension of co

	singular
nominative	co
genitive	czegò
dative	czemù
accusative	co
instrumental	czim
locative	czim

Further reading

• Stefan Ramułt(1893) “co”,inSłownik języka pomorskiego czyli kaszubskiego(in Kashubian), page18
• Eùgeniusz Gòłąbk (2011) “co”, inSłownik Polsko-Kaszubski / Słowôrz Pòlskò-Kaszëbsczi‎^[4]
• “co”,inInternetowi Słowôrz Kaszëbsczégò Jãzëka[Internet Dictionary of the Kashubian Language], Fundacja Kaszuby,2022

Khumi Chin

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key):/so˥/

Noun

co

1. Northern Khumi form ofcaw

References

• D. A. Peterson (2013) “Aesthetic aspects of Khumi grammar”, inThe Aesthetics of Grammar,Cambridge University Press, page220

Ladin

Conjunction

co

1. than(used in comparisons)

Adverb

co

1. how(in what manner)
2. how(in what state)

Derived terms

• coche

Lower Sorbian

Alternative forms

• zo(obsolete)

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key):/t͡sɔ/

Etymology 1

FromProto-Slavic*čьto,fromProto-Indo-European*kʷid,*kʷis.

Pronoun

co

1. what(interrogative)

Declension

Declension ofco

Case	Form
Nominative	co
Genitive	cogo
Dative	comu
Accusative	co
Instrumental	cym
Locative	com

Etymology 2

See the etymology of the correspondinglemmaform.

Verb

co

1. third-personsingularpresentofkśěś

Further reading

• Muka, Arnošt(1921, 1928) “co”,inSłownik dolnoserbskeje rěcy a jeje narěcow(in German), St. Petersburg, Prague:ОРЯС РАН,ČAVU;Reprinted Bautzen: Domowina-Verlag,2008
• Starosta, Manfred (1999) “co”,inDolnoserbsko-nimski słownik / Niedersorbisch-deutsches Wörterbuch(in German), Bautzen: Domowina-Verlag

Macanese

Alternative forms

• cô

Etymology

FromPortuguesecom.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key):/kɔ/

Preposition

co

1. with

   nhonhacofula―the girlwiththe flower

2. to,at

   Já gritâcoiou―He shoutedatme

Conjunction

co

1. and

   ioucovôs―meandyou

Usage notes

• cois not very commonly used to connect two clauses. More often, related clauses are simply listed one after the other with no connectives, or connected with pronouns such asquiorquelóra.

Middle Irish

Alternative forms

• go

Etymology

FromOld Irishco,fromProto-Celtic*kʷos.

Preposition

co(takes the accusative; triggers h-prothesis before vowels)

1. to,toward
   • c.1000,“The Tale of Mac Da Thó's Pig”,inErnst Windisch,editor,Irische Texte,volume 1, published1800,section1:

     Ro·ferad failte friu uile, ocus ructhachucisiumisin mbruidin.

     They were all made welcome and brought to him in the hall.

Inflection

Forms combined with an object pronoun

• 1st person singular:chucum,chucom,cucom,cugam
  • emphatic:chucumsa,chucomso,cucomsa,cugamsa
• 2nd person singular:chucut
  • emphatic:chucutsu
• 3rd person singular masculine:chuc(a)i,cuc(a)i,chu(i)ce,cuce
  • emphatic:c(h)ucisium
• 3rd person singular feminine:chu(i)cci
• 1st person plural:cucain(n),chucaind,chucund,cucund
  • emphatic:cucainni,cucainne
• 3rd person plural:c(h)ucu,chucco,cuco,c(h)uca),c(h)uctu,chucta

Forms combined with the definite article:

• cos(s)in,cus(s)in(d)(masculine/feminine singular)
• cos(s)a(neuter singular)
• cusna(plural)

Forms combined with the relative particle:

• cos(s)a

Forms combined with a possessive determiner:

• 1st person singular:com
• 2nd person singular:cot
• 3rd person:coa,ca

Descendants

• Irish:chuig,chun,go
• Scottish Gaelic:gu

Further reading

• Gregory Toner, Sharon Arbuthnot, Máire Ní Mhaonaigh, Marie-Luise Theuerkauf, Dagmar Wodtko, editors (2019), “1 co“to, towards””,ineDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language

Norman

Etymology 1

FromOld Frenchcolp,coup,fromVulgar Latin*colpus,from ClassicalLatincolaphus(“blow with the fist; cuff”),fromAncient Greekκόλαφος(kólaphos,“blow, slap”).

Noun

com(pluralcos)

1. (Jersey)blow

Alternative forms

• coup

Derived terms

• co d'poing,coup d'tampon
• coup d'feu
• coup d'ôrage
• coup d'sang
• coup d'solé
• coup d'yi
• porter un coup

Etymology 2

FromOld Frenchcoq,coc.

Noun

com(pluralcos)

1. (Jersey)cockerel

Derived terms

• co journieaux

Etymology 3

FromOld Frenchcol,fromLatincollum(“neck”).

Noun

com(pluralcos)

1. (Jersey,Guernsey,Normandy,anatomy)neck

Alternative forms

• ko(Sark)

Northern Kurdish

Alternative forms

• cihok

Etymology

ComparePersianجوی(juy)orPersianجو(ju).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key):/d͡ʒoː/

Noun

com

1. ditch,trench,channel,canal,duct,fosse,aqueduct,sluice

Derived terms

• cobar

Old Irish

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key):[ko]

Etymology 1

FromProto-Celtic*kom,fromProto-Indo-European*ḱóm(“next to, at, with, along”).Cognate withGermange-(“with”)(collective prefix) andgegen(“toward, against”),Englishgain-,Spanishcon(“with”).

Preposition

co(takes the dative,triggers nasalization)(abbreviatedɔ)

1. with

For quotations using this term, seeCitations:co.

Inflection

Inflection ofco

Person	Normal	Emphatic
1st person sing.
2d person sing.
3d sing. masc./neut., dative	cono
3d sing. masc./neut., accusative
3d sing. fem., dative
3d sing. fem., accusative
1st person pl.
2d person pl.
3d person pl., dative
3d person pl., accusative

Forms combined with the definite article:

• cosind(dative singular)
• cosnaib(dative plural)

Combinations with possessive determiners:

• com(1st person singular)
• cut,cot(2nd person singular)
• cona(3rd person singular)

Synonyms

• la

Descendants

• Middle Irish:co

Further reading

• Gregory Toner, Sharon Arbuthnot, Máire Ní Mhaonaigh, Marie-Luise Theuerkauf, Dagmar Wodtko, editors (2019), “2 co“with””,ineDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language

Etymology 2

(Thisetymologyis missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at theEtymology scriptorium.Particularly: “An interrogative formation?” )

Adverb

co

1. how?

   Co·bbia mo ḟechtas?

   Howwill my expedition be?

Usage notes

The adverb is followed by the dependent form of the verb, which is neither nasalized nor lenited.

Derived terms

• cote

Further reading

• Gregory Toner, Sharon Arbuthnot, Máire Ní Mhaonaigh, Marie-Luise Theuerkauf, Dagmar Wodtko, editors (2019), “4 co“how?””,ineDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language

Etymology 3

FromProto-Celtic*kʷuts(“to, towards”),cognate withMiddle Welshpy(“to”).This may be fromProto-Italo-Celtic*kuts‘some (of the) way’, whenceLatinus-quam(“somewhere”),us-que(“all of the way”),andOscan𐌐𐌖𐌆(puz,“as, that”,conjunction).See Proto-Indo-European*ku(“where”).

The inflected forms on the other hand are from Proto-Celtic*kʷunkʷe←*kʷum+‎*-kʷe,for which compareProto-Slavic*kъ(n)(“to, towards”).

Preposition

co(takes the accusative; triggers h-prothesis before vowels)

1. to,toward
2. up to,until
3. used with the neuter accusative singular of an adjective to form an adverb:-ly

For quotations using this term, seeCitations:co.

Inflection

Inflection ofco

Person	Normal	Emphatic
1st person sing.	cuc(c)um	cuc(c)umsa
2d person sing.	cuc(c)ut	cuc(c)utsu
3d sing. masc./neut., dative
3d sing. masc./neut., accusative	cuc(c)i,cuc(c)ai	cuc(c)isom,cuc(c)isom
3d sing. fem., dative
3d sing. fem., accusative	cuic(c)e,cuc(c)e
1st person pl.	cuc(c)unn
2d person pl.	cuc(c)uib	cuc(c)uibsi
3d person pl., dative
3d person pl., accusative	cuc(c)u

Forms combined with the definite article:

• cos(s)in(masculine/feminine singular)
• cos(s)a(neuter singular)
• cosna(plural)

Forms combined with the relative particle:

• cos(s)a

Derived terms

• cosse

Descendants

• Middle Irish:co,go
  • Irish:chuig,chun,go
  • Scottish Gaelic:gu

Conjunction

co(triggers nasalization,followed by the prototonic or conjunct form of a verb,may be followed by an infixed pronoun)(abbreviatedɔ)

1. until
2. so that

For quotations using this term, seeCitations:co.

Usage notes

A lenitingcothat takes absolute and deuterotonic forms is also attested in the glosses only.

Alternative forms

• con

Synonyms

• ara

Derived terms

• coní(“so that…not”)(corresponding to the nasalizing conjunction)
• conna(“so that…not”)(corresponding to the leniting conjunction)

Descendants

• Irish:go
• Scottish Gaelic:gu
• Manx:dy

Further reading

• Gregory Toner, Sharon Arbuthnot, Máire Ní Mhaonaigh, Marie-Luise Theuerkauf, Dagmar Wodtko, editors (2019), “1 co“to, towards””,ineDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language
• Gregory Toner, Sharon Arbuthnot, Máire Ní Mhaonaigh, Marie-Luise Theuerkauf, Dagmar Wodtko, editors (2019), “3 co“until, so that””,ineDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language
• Thurneysen, Rudolf(1940, reprinted 2017)D. A. BinchyandOsborn Bergin,transl.,A Grammar of Old Irish,Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies,→ISBN,§§ 433, 829, 896–97
• Matasović, Ranko(2009) “*kʷo-”,inEtymological Dictionary of Proto-Celtic(Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 9), Leiden:Brill,→ISBN,page180

Old Polish

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key):(10^th–15^thCE)/t͡sɔ/
• IPA^(key):(15^thCE)/t͡sɔ/

Pronoun

con

1. Alternative form ofczso

Conjunction

co

1. Alternative form ofczso

Particle

co

1. Alternative form ofczso

Polish

Etymology

InheritedfromOld Polishczso.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key):/ˈt͡sɔ/

• (Middle Polish)IPA^(key):/ˈt͡sɔ/
• (Greater Poland):
  • (Kuyavia)IPA^(key):/ˈt͡sɔ/

• Audio 1:

  (file)

• Audio 2:

  (file)

• Audio 3:

  (file)

• Rhymes:-ɔ
• Syllabification:co
• Homophone:co-

Pronoun

con

1. interrogative pronoun;what

   Coto?

   Whatis that?

2. pronoun for introducing asubordinate clausethat narrows the scope of themain clause;which,that;what;who

   Znam takiego gościa,coma konia.

   I know a guythathas a horse.

3. pronoun that attaches arelative clauseto themain clause;which,that;what;who

   Ta kobieta,comieszkała w tym mieszkaniu, wyjechała do Niemiec.

   That woman,wholived in that apartment, moved to Germany.

4. (colloquial)relative pronoun

   Jakość będzie równa temu,cozapłacisz.

   The quality will be equal towhateveryou pay.

5. (colloquial)why

   Coona taka smutna?

   Whyis she so sad?

Declension

Declension ofco

	singular
nominative	co
genitive	czego
dative	czemu
accusative	co
instrumental	czym
locative	czym
vocative	co

Derived terms

adverbs

• dopiero co
• o mało co
• póki co

particles

• bądź co bądź
• co dopiero
• nie ma co

pronouns

• co za

Related terms

pronouns

• coś
• cóż

Trivia

According toSłownik frekwencyjny polszczyzny współczesnej(1990),cois one of the most used words in Polish, appearing 207 times in scientific texts, 81 times in news, 219 times in essays, 465 times in fiction, and 1252 times in plays, each out of a corpus of 100,000 words, totaling 2224 times, making it the 19th most common word in a corpus of 500,000 words.

Preposition

co

1. every(referring to frequency)

   codrugi dzień―everyother day

   comiesiąc―everymonth

   corok―everyyear, annually

Derived terms

• co drugi

Related terms

prefix

• co-

Trivia

According toSłownik frekwencyjny polszczyzny współczesnej(1990),cois one of the most used words in Polish, appearing 8 times in scientific texts, 10 times in news, 10 times in essays, 33 times in fiction, and 16 times in plays, each out of a corpus of 100,000 words, totaling 77 times, making it the 836th most common word in a corpus of 500,000 words.

Conjunction

co

1. as

   Ma ten sam rowercoja.

   He has the same bikeasme.

2. (Kuyavia)Synonym ofże

Trivia

According toSłownik frekwencyjny polszczyzny współczesnej(1990),cois one of the most used words in Polish, appearing 14 times in scientific texts, 4 times in news, 10 times in essays, 33 times in fiction, and 73 times in plays, each out of a corpus of 100,000 words, totaling 134 times, making it the 450th most common word in a corpus of 500,000 words.

Particle

co

1. used as atag question,to emphasise what goes before or to request that the listener express an opinion about what has been said

   Interesujące,co?

   Interesting, isn't it?

Trivia

According toSłownik frekwencyjny polszczyzny współczesnej(1990),cois one of the most used words in Polish, appearing 207 times in scientific texts, 81 times in news, 219 times in essays, 465 times in fiction, and 1252 times in plays, each out of a corpus of 100,000 words, totaling 2224 times, making it the 19th most common word in a corpus of 500,000 words.

Further reading

• coinWielki słownik języka polskiego,Instytut Języka Polskiego PAN
• coin Polish dictionaries at PWN
• Maria Renata Mayenowa, Stanisław Rospond, Witold Taszycki, Stefan Hrabec, Władysław Kuraszkiewicz (2010-2023) “co”,inSłownik Polszczyzny XVI Wieku[A Dictionary of 16th Century Polish]
• “CO I”,inElektroniczny Słownik Języka Polskiego XVII i XVIII Wieku[Electronic Dictionary of the Polish Language of the XVII and XVIII Century],21.05.2019
• “CO II”,inElektroniczny Słownik Języka Polskiego XVII i XVIII Wieku[Electronic Dictionary of the Polish Language of the XVII and XVIII Century],07.05.2010
• “CO III”,inElektroniczny Słownik Języka Polskiego XVII i XVIII Wieku[Electronic Dictionary of the Polish Language of the XVII and XVIII Century],11.04.2018
• Samuel Bogumił Linde(1807–1814) “co”,inSłownik języka polskiego
• Aleksander Zdanowicz(1861) “co”,inSłownik języka polskiego, Wilno 1861
• J. Karłowicz,A. Kryński,W. Niedźwiedzki,editors (1900), “co”,inSłownik języka polskiego(in Polish), volume 1, Warsaw, page345
• Józef Bliziński (1860) “co”,inAbecadłowy spis wyrazów języka ludowego w Kujawach i Galicyi Zachodniej(in Polish), Warszawa, page621
• Oskar Kolberg (1867) “co”,inDzieła wszystkie: Kujawy(in Polish), page269

Romansch

Alternative forms

• che(Rumantsch Grischun,Sursilvan)
• ca(Sutsilvan)
• tgi(Surmiran)
• cu(Puter)

Etymology

FromLatinquamorquod.

Conjunction

co

1. (Vallader)than

Silesian

Etymology

InheritedfromOld Polishczso.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key):/ˈt͡sɔ/
• Rhymes:-ɔ
• Syllabification:co

Pronoun

con

1. (interrogative)what
2. (relative)that
3. (interrogative)why

Declension

Declension of co

	singular
nominative	co
genitive	czego
dative	czymu
accusative	co
instrumental	czym
locative	czym

Conjunction

co

1. (proscribed)coordinating conjunction;that

   Synonym:(prescribed)że

Preposition

co

1. every(referring to frequency)

Further reading

• coin silling.org

Spanish

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key):/ˈko/[ˈko]
• Rhymes:-o
• Syllabification:co

Noun

com(pluralcos)

1. (Aragon,colloquial)dude,friend

Related terms

• colega
• compa
• compañero

Pronoun

co

1. Misspelling ofcó.

Venetan

Alternative forms

• con

Etymology

FromLatincum.CompareItaliancon.

Preposition

co

1. with,together

See also

• có

Vietnamese

Pronunciation

• (Hà Nội)IPA^(key):[kɔ˧˧]
• (Huế)IPA^(key):[kɔ˧˧]
• (Saigon)IPA^(key):[kɔ˧˧]

Verb

co

1. toshrink(to becomesmaller)

   Antonym:phồng

See also

Derived terms

• co giãn
• co ro
• co rúm
• đôi co
• giằng co
• kéo co
• quanh co

West Makian

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key):/t͡ʃo/

Verb

co

1. (transitive)tosee

Conjugation

Conjugation ofco(action verb)
		singular	plural
			inclusive	exclusive
1st person		toco	moco	aco
2nd person		noco	foco
3rd person	inanimate	ico	doco
	animate
imperative		noco,co	foco,co

Alternative forms

• coo,cio

References

• Clemens Voorhoeve (1982)The Makian languages and their neighbours‎^[5],Pacific linguistics

Wutunhua

Etymology

FromTibetanམཚོ(mtsho).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key):[t͡sʰo]

Noun

co

1. lake

References

• Juha Janhunen,Marja Peltomaa, Erika Sandman, Xiawu Dongzhou (2008)Wutun(LINCOM's Descriptive Grammar Series), volume466,LINCOM Europa,→ISBN

Yola

Alternative forms

• quo

Etymology

FromMiddle Englishquethen,fromOld Englishcweþan,fromProto-West Germanic*kweþan.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key):/kɔː/,/kwɔː/

Verb

co

1. quoth,saith
   • 1867,GLOSSARY OF THE DIALECT OF FORTH AND BARGY,pages31:

     Cothou;Cohe.

     Quoththou;Sayshe.

   • 1867,“A YOLA ZONG”, inSONGS, ETC. IN THE DIALECT OF FORTH AND BARGY,number 1, pages84:

     Fade teil thee zo lournagh,coJoane, zo knaggee?

     What ails you so melancholy,quothJohn, so cross?

   • 1867,“A YOLA ZONG”, inSONGS, ETC. IN THE DIALECT OF FORTH AND BARGY,number13,pages90:

     Ha-ho! be mee coshes, th'ast ee-pait it,coJoane;

     Hey-ho! by my conscience, you have paid it,quothJohn;

   • 1927,“ZONG OF TWI MAARKEET MOANS”, inTHE ANCIENT DIALECT OF THE BARONIES OF FORTH AND BARGY, COUNTY WEXFORD,page129,lines12:

     "Swingale,"cothe umost, "thou liest well a rent,

     "Swindle,"saidthe other, "you know quite well,

   • 1927,“ZONG OF TWI MAARKEET MOANS”, inTHE ANCIENT DIALECT OF THE BARONIES OF FORTH AND BARGY, COUNTY WEXFORD,page129,lines14:

     Thou liest valsecosecun that thou an ye thick

     You lie false,saidthe second, that you and your kid,

   • 1927,“YOLA ZONG O BARONY VORTH”, inTHE ANCIENT DIALECT OF THE BARONIES OF FORTH AND BARGY, COUNTY WEXFORD,page132,lines5:

     "Faad thay goul ez upa thee, thou stouk"coBilleen,

     "What the divil is on you, you fool?"quothBilly;

   • 1927,“YOLA ZONG O BARONY VORTH”, inTHE ANCIENT DIALECT OF THE BARONIES OF FORTH AND BARGY, COUNTY WEXFORD,page132,lines9:

     CoSooney, "Billeen dowstthee zee faads lewer,

     SaysAlice "Billy, do you see what's yonder?"