conjugation

English

Etymology

Borrowed fromLatinconiugātiō(“combining, connecting; conjugation”),fromconiugō(“join, unite together”).Equivalent toconjugate+‎-ion.

Pronunciation

• (Received Pronunciation)IPA^(key):/ˌkɒnd͡ʒəˈɡeɪʃən/
• (General American)IPA^(key):/ˌkɑnd͡ʒəˈɡeɪʃən/

• Audio(US):

  (file)

• Rhymes:-eɪʃən

Noun

conjugation(countableanduncountable,pluralconjugations)

1. The coming together of things;union.
2. (biology)The temporaryfusionof organisms, especially as part ofsexual reproduction
3. Sexual relations withinmarriage
4. (grammar)In some languages, one of several classifications of verbs according to what inflections they take.
   • 1530July 18,Iohan Palſgrave,“The Introduction”, inLeſclarciſſement de la langue francoyſe[…]‎^[1],London: Richard Pynſon, Iohan Haukyns,→OCLC,page32;reprinted asLesclarcissement de la langue françoyse,Genève: Slatkine Reprints,1972:

     In ſo moche that if any verbe be of the thyꝛdeconiugation/ I ſet out all his rotes and tenſes[…]

5. (grammar)The act or process ofconjugatingaverb.
6. (grammar)The product of that act: theconjugatedforms of a verb, collected into alistorrecitation.

   Meronym:principal parts

7. (grammar,sometimesproscribed)Inflectionofnounsor other words besides verbs;declension.
   • 2005,Maya Arad, “The Noun-Verb Asymmetry in Hebrew: When Are Patterns Obligatory?”, inRoots and Patterns: Hebrew Morpho-syntax,→ISBN:

     Nouns ending in a vowel other thana,which do not conform to any phonological pattern of nounconjugation,do not decline.

   • For more quotations using this term, seeCitations:conjugation.
8. (chemistry)A system ofdelocalizedorbitalsconsisting of alternatingsingle bondsanddouble bonds
9. (mathematics)A mapping sendingxtogxg^-1,wheregandxare elements of agroup;inner automorphism
10. (mathematics)A function which negates the non-real part of acomplexorhypercomplexnumber;complex conjugation

Hypernyms

• flexion,inflexion,accidence,flection,inflection

Coordinate terms

• declension,declination

Derived terms

• bioconjugation
• bioconjugation
• conjugational
• conjugational
• deconjugation
• deconjugation
• glucoconjugation
• glucoconjugation
• glucuronoconjugation
• glucuronoconjugation
• glycoconjugation
• glycoconjugation
• heteroconjugation
• heteroconjugation
• homoconjugation
• homoconjugation
• hyperconjugation
• hyperconjugation
• immunoconjugation
• immunoconjugation
• misconjugation
• misconjugation
• nanoconjugation
• nanoconjugation
• periphrastic conjugation
• photoconjugation
• photoconjugation
• reconjugation
• reconjugation
• sulfoconjugation
• sulfoconjugation
• transconjugation
• transconjugation

Related terms

• conjugate

Translations

coming together of things

• Bulgarian:съединя́ване(bg)n(sǎedinjávane),съедине́ние(bg)n(sǎedinénie)
• Dutch:conjugatie(nl)f
• Finnish:yhdistyminen(fi)
• Greek:σύζευξη(el)f(sýzefxi),συζυγία(el)f(syzygía)
• Icelandic:samkomaf
• Indonesian:konjugasi(id)
• Japanese:Kết hợp(ja)(けつごう, ketsugō),Tiếp hợp(ja)(せつごう, setsugō),Liên kết(ja)(れんけつ, renketsu)
• Polish:połączenie(pl)n
• Portuguese:conjunção(pt)f,junção(pt)f,união(pt)f,conjugação(pt)f
• Russian:соедине́ние(ru)n(sojedinénije)
• Tagalog:pagsasama,pagkakaisa
• Thai:การผันคำกริยา

fusion of organisms

• Bulgarian:конюга́ция(bg)f(konjugácija)
• Czech:konjugace(cs)f
• Finnish:yhdyntä(fi),yhtyminen(fi)
• Greek:σύζευξη(el)f(sýzefxi),συζυγία(el)f(syzygía)
• Irish:comhchuingiúm
• Japanese:Tiếp hợp(ja)(せつごう, setsugō),Kết hợp(ja)(けつごう, ketsugō)
• Polish:koniugacja(pl)f
• Portuguese:união(pt)
• Russian:конъюга́ция(ru)f(konʺjugácija)
• Serbo-Croatian:

  Cyrillic:конјуга́цијаf

  Roman:konjugácija(sh)f

• Tagalog:pagkakaisa
• Turkish:konjugasyon(tr)

in some languages, one of several classifications of verbs

• Arabic:تَصْرِيفm(taṣrīf)
• Armenian:խոնարհում(hy)(xonarhum)
• Azerbaijani:təsrif
• Belarusian:спражэ́ннеn(spražénnje)
• Bulgarian:спреже́ние(bg)n(sprežénie)
• Catalan:conjugació(ca)f
• Chinese:

  Mandarin:Biến vị／Biến vị(zh)(biànwèi)

• Czech:časování(cs)n
• Danish:konjugation(da)c,bøjning(da)c
• Dutch:vervoeging(nl)f
• Estonian:pööramine,konjugatsioon
• Finnish:konjugaatio(fi)
• French:conjugaison(fr)f
• Galician:conxugación(gl)f
• Georgian:უღვლილება(uɣvlileba)
• German:Konjugation(de)f
• Greek:συζυγία(el)f(syzygía)

  Ancient:συζυγίαf(suzugía)

• Hungarian:igeragozás(hu),igeragozási típus
• Icelandic:beyging(is)f
• Irish:réimniúm
• Italian:coniugazione(it)f
• Japanese:Hoạt dụng(ja)(かつよう, katsuyō)
• Kazakh:жіктелу(jıktelu),жіктеу(jıkteu)
• Korean:활용( hoạt dụng )(ko)(hwaryong)
• Kyrgyz:жакталыш(ky)(jaktalış)
• Latvian:konjugācija(lv)f
• Lithuanian:konjugacijaf,asmenuotė(lt)f
• Low German:

  German Low German:Konjugatschoonf

• Macedonian:конјугацијаf(konjugacija)
• Malay:konjugasi,tasrif
• Mongolian:

  Cyrillic:үйл үгийн ялгал(üjl ügiin jalgal)

• Norman:conjudgaisonf
• Norwegian:

  Bokmål:bøyningmorf,bøying(no)morf,konjugasjonm

  Nynorsk:bøyingf,konjugasjonm

• Occitan:conjugason(oc)f
• Persian:تَصریف(fa)(tasrif)
• Polish:koniugacja(pl)f
• Portuguese:conjugação(pt)f
• Romanian:conjugare(ro)f
• Romansch:conjugaziunf
• Russian:спряже́ние(ru)n(sprjažénije)
• Serbo-Croatian:

  Cyrillic:конјуга́цијаf

  Roman:konjugácija(sh)f

• Slovak:časovanien
• Slovene:konjugacijaf
• Spanish:conjugación(es)f
• Swedish:konjugation(sv)c,böjning(sv)c
• Tagalog:sabanghay
• Tajik:тасрифкунӣ(tg)(tasrifkuni),тасриф(tg)(tasrif)
• Turkish:please add this translation if you can
• Ukrainian:дієвідмі́наf(dijevidmína)
• Uzbek:tuslanish(uz)
• Vietnamese:chia động từ

act of conjugating a verb

• Albanian:zgjedhim(sq)m
• Arabic:اِقْتِرَانm(iqtirān),تَصْرِيف الْأَفْعَالm(taṣrīf al-ʔafʕāl)(inflection of verbs),تَصْرِيفm(taṣrīf)
• Aragonese:conchugaciónf
• Armenian:խոնարհում(hy)(xonarhum)
• Azerbaijani:təsrif
• Belarusian:спражэ́ннеn(spražénnje)
• Bulgarian:спряга́неn(sprjagáne),спреже́ние(bg)n(sprežénie)
• Chechen:хийцар(xiı̇car)
• Chinese:

  Mandarin:Biến vị／Biến vị(zh)(biànwèi)

• Czech:časování(cs)n
• Danish:konjugation(da)c,verbbøjningc,bøjning(da)c
• Dutch:vervoeging(nl)f,conjugatie(nl)f
• Esperanto:konjugacio(eo)
• Estonian:konjugatsioon
• Faroese:bending(fo)f
• Finnish:taivuttaminen(fi),taivutus(fi)
• French:conjugaison(fr)f
• Georgian:უღვლილება(uɣvlileba),უღლება(uɣleba)
• German:Konjugation(de)f
• Greek:κλίση(el)f(klísi)
• Hebrew:הַטָּיָה(he)f(hatayá),נְטִיָּה(he)f(n'tiyá)
• Hungarian:igeragozás(hu)
• Icelandic:sagnbeyging(is)f,persónubeyging sagnaf,beyging(is)f
• Indonesian:konjugasi(id),tasrif(id)
• Irish:réimniú
• Italian:coniugazione(it)f
• Japanese:Hoạt dụng(ja)(かつよう, katsuyō)
• Kazakh:жіктелу(jıktelu),жіктеу(jıkteu)
• Korean:활용( hoạt dụng )(ko)(hwaryong)
• Kyrgyz:жакталыш(ky)(jaktalış)
• Latin:coniugātiō(la)f
• Latvian:konjugācija(lv)f
• Lithuanian:konjugacijaf
• Low German:

  German Low German:Konjugatschoonf

• Macedonian:конјугацијаf(konjugacija)
• Norman:conjudgaisonf
• Norwegian:

  Bokmål:bøyningmorf,bøying(no)morf

  Nynorsk:bøyingf

• Persian:تَصریف(fa)(tasrif),صَرف(fa)(sarf)
• Polish:koniugacja(pl)f
• Portuguese:conjugação(pt)f
• Romanian:conjugare(ro)f
• Russian:спряже́ние(ru)n(sprjažénije)
• Serbo-Croatian:

  Cyrillic:конјуга́цијаf,спре́за̄њеn

  Roman:konjugácija(sh)f,sprézānje(sh)n

• Slovak:časovanien
• Slovene:konjugacijaf
• Spanish:conjugación(es)f
• Swedish:konjugation(sv)c,böjning(sv)c,konjugeringc
• Tagalog:pagbabanghay
• Tajik:тасрифкунӣ(tg)(tasrifkuni),тасриф(tg)(tasrif)
• Turkish:çekim(tr)
• Ukrainian:дієвідмі́наf(dijevidmína)
• Uzbek:tuslanish(uz)
• Vietnamese:chia động từ
• Welsh:rhediad(cy)m
• Yiddish:קאָניוגאַציעf(konyugatsye)

conjugated forms of a verb

• Danish:verbbøjningc,konjugation(da)c
• Finnish:taivutuskaava(fi),taivutus(fi)
• French:conjugaison(fr)f
• Norman:conjudgaisonf
• Portuguese:conjugação(pt)f,formaverbalf
• Spanish:conjugación(es)f

See also

• flection,flexion,inflection,inflexion