dolus

English

Etymology

Borrowed fromLatindolus(“deceit, trickery”);akin toAncient Greekδόλος(dólos,“bait, ruse”).Comparedolose,dolosity.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key):/ˈdoʊləs/
• Rhymes:-oʊləs

Noun

dolus(countableanduncountable,pluraldoli)

1. (law)Evilintent:maliceorfraud.
   • 1849,James G. Butler,A Summary of the Roman Civil Law:

     Every actual delict presupposes adolusor culpa, with the concomitant consciousness and prepense

Related terms

• dolose
• dolosity

References

• “dolus”,inWebster’s Revised Unabridged Dictionary,Springfield, Mass.:G. & C. Merriam,1913,→OCLC.

Anagrams

• Sudol,louds,ludos

Latin

Pronunciation

• (Classical Latin)IPA^(key):/ˈdo.lus/,[ˈd̪ɔɫ̪ʊs̠]
• (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical)IPA^(key):/ˈdo.lus/,[ˈd̪ɔːlus]

Etymology 1

FromProto-Indo-European*dolh₁os.Cognates includeAncient Greekδόλος(dólos).

Noun

dolusm(genitivedolī);second declension

1. deception,deceit,fraud,guile,treachery,trickery

   Synonyms:dēceptiō,perfidia,fraus,maleficium,stratēgēma,ars

   • 29BCE– 19BCE,Virgil,Aeneid1.130:

     Nec latuēredolīfrātrem Iūnōnis et īrae.

     Nor was [her] brother [Neptune] unawareof the deceitand wrath of Juno.

2. evilintent;malice;wrongdoing(with a view to the consequences)
3. device,artifice,strategem,trap

Usage notes

The phrasedolum faciōmeans "to trick."

Declension

Second-declensionnoun.

Case	Singular	Plural
Nominative	dolus	dolī
Genitive	dolī	dolōrum
Dative	dolō	dolīs
Accusative	dolum	dolōs
Ablative	dolō	dolīs
Vocative	dole	dolī

Derived terms

• dolōsus
• subdolus

Related terms

• dolōsē
• dolōsitās

Descendants

Descendants

• →Catalan:dol
• →English:dolus
• →French:dol
• →Italian:dolo
• →Portuguese:dolo
• →Romanian:dol
• →Spanish:dolo

Etymology 2

Probably a separate and unrelated term from the above, instead deriving fromdoleō(“to hurt, grieve”)anddolor(“pain”).

Noun

dolusm(genitivedolī);second declension(Late Latin)

1. pain,grief

Related terms

• cordolium

Descendants

• Balkan Romance:
  • Aromanian:dor
  • Romanian:dor
• Italo-Romance:
  • Italian:duolo
• Padanian:
  • Friulian:dûl
  • Piedmontese:deur,deul
  • Venetian:diol
• Northern Gallo-Romance:
  • Old French:duel,dol
    • French:deuil
  • Norman:deû(Continental),deu(Jersey)
• Southern Gallo-Romance:
  • Catalan:dol
  • Occitan:dòl
• Ibero-Romance:
  • Old Galician-Portuguese:doo
    • Galician:dó
    • Portuguese:dó
  • Spanish:duelo

References

• “dolus”,inCharlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879)A Latin Dictionary,Oxford: Clarendon Press
• “dolus”,inCharlton T. Lewis (1891)An Elementary Latin Dictionary,New York: Harper & Brothers
• dolusin Charles du Fresne du Cange’sGlossarium Mediæ et Infimæ Latinitatis(augmented edition with additions by D. P. Carpenterius, Adelungius and others, edited by Léopold Favre, 1883–1887)
• Carl Meißner, Henry William Auden (1894)Latin Phrase-Book‎^[1],London:Macmillan and Co.
  • by craft:per dolum(B. G. 4. 13)
    
  • by the aid of fraud and lies:dolis et fallaciis(Sall. Cat. 11. 2)
    

Middle Irish

Etymology

do-+‎lés(comparesolus,fromOld Irishsolus).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key):/ˈdˠolusˠ/

Adjective

dolus

1. lightless,obscure

Descendants

• Irish:dolas

Mutation

Middle Irish mutation
Radical	Lenition	Nasalization
dolus	dolus pronounced with/ð(ʲ)-/,later/ɣ(ʲ)-/	ndolus
Note:Some of these forms may be hypothetical. Not every possible mutated form of every word actually occurs.

Further reading

• Gregory Toner, Sharon Arbuthnot, Máire Ní Mhaonaigh, Marie-Luise Theuerkauf, Dagmar Wodtko, editors (2019), “dolus”,ineDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language