fraus

English

Noun

fraus

1. pluraloffrau

Anagrams

• Raufs,fuars

Catalan

Noun

fraus

1. pluraloffrau

Latin

Etymology

Perhaps fromProto-Indo-European*dʰrewgʰ-(“to deceive, mislead”),with an uncertain phonetic development. However see alsoSanskritध्रुति(dhruti,“deception”),द्रुह्यति(druhyati,“to deceive”)andYounger Avestan𐬛𐬭𐬁𐬎𐬎𐬀𐬌𐬌𐬁𐬝(drāuuaiiāt̰,“will deceive”),which (along with perhapsProto-Germanic*draumaz(“dream”)) point to Proto-Indo-European*dʰrew-,which would have been extended as*dʰrew-d⁽ʰ⁾-at some point before Latin and also as*dʰrew-gʰ-in PIE times.

Pronunciation

• (Classical Latin)IPA^(key):/frau̯s/,[fräu̯s̠]
• (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical)IPA^(key):/frau̯s/,[fräu̯s]

Noun

frausf(genitivefraudis);third declension

1. cheating,deceit,deception,fraud,guile,stratagem,trick,treachery,wiles

   Synonyms:dēceptiō,maleficium,perfidia,dolus,stratēgēma,ars

   • 29BCE– 19BCE,Virgil,Aeneid4.675:

     “Mēfraudepetēbās?”

     (Literally)“[So, it’s] me [who] you are aiming atwith [your] deceit?”
     (The emphatic position of “me” conveys Anna’s emotional response to Dido’s impending death. Translations – Mackail, 1885: “Was my summons a snare?”; Knight, 1956: “You planned to deceive me!”; Mandelbaum, 1971: “Did you plan this fraud for me?”; West, 1990: “It was all to deceive your sister!”; Ahl, 2007: “Your fraud had me as its target?”; Bartsch, 2020: “You wanted to trick me?” )

2. delusion,error
3. injury,hurt,harm

   Synonyms:damnum,dētrīmentum,incommoditās,calamitās,pauperiēs,maleficium,iniūria,noxa,vulnus

4. badorillintent

Declension

Third-declensionnoun.

Case	Singular	Plural
Nominative	fraus	fraudēs
Genitive	fraudis	fraudum fraudium
Dative	fraudī	fraudibus
Accusative	fraudem	fraudēs
Ablative	fraude	fraudibus
Vocative	fraus	fraudēs

Derived terms

• fraudātiō
• fraudātor
• fraudātōrius
• fraudō
• fraudulenter
• fraudulentia
• fraudulentus
• fraudulōsus
• frūstrā

Descendants

• Catalan:frau
• Italian:frode
• →Old French:fraude
  • Middle French:fraude
    • French:fraude
  • Norman:fraude
  • →Middle Dutch:fraude
    • Dutch:fraude
      • →Indonesian:fraude
  • →Middle English:fraude
    • English:fraud
• →Portuguese:fraude
• →Romanian:fraudă
• →Spanish:fraude
• →Esperanto:fraŭdo
  • Ido:fraudo

References

• “fraus”,inCharlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879)A Latin Dictionary,Oxford: Clarendon Press
• “fraus”,inCharlton T. Lewis (1891)An Elementary Latin Dictionary,New York: Harper & Brothers
• frausin Charles du Fresne du Cange’sGlossarium Mediæ et Infimæ Latinitatis(augmented edition with additions by D. P. Carpenterius, Adelungius and others, edited by Léopold Favre, 1883–1887)
• “fraud”,inThe Century Dictionary[…],New York, N.Y.:The Century Co.,1911,→OCLC.
• Pokorny, Julius(1959)Indogermanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch[Indo-European Etymological Dictionary] (in German), volume 1, Bern, München: Francke Verlag,page277
• De Vaan, Michiel(2008) “fraus, -dis”, inEtymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages(Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill,→ISBN,page240

Norwegian Bokmål

Verb

fraus

1. (non-standard since 2005)pasttenseoffryse

Norwegian Nynorsk

Verb

fraus

1. pasttenseoffrysa