fume

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See also:fuméandfumê

English

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Etymology

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FromMiddle Englishfume,fromOld Frenchfum(“smoke, steam, vapour”),fromLatinfūmus(“vapour, smoke”),fromProto-Indo-European*dʰuh₂mós(“smoke”),from*dʰewh₂-(“to smoke, raise dust”).Doubletofthymusandthymos.More atdun,dusk,dust.

Pronunciation

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  • (UK)IPA(key):/fjuːm/
  • Audio(US):(file)
  • Rhymes:-uːm

Noun

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fume(pluralfumes)

  1. Agasorvapour/vaporthat is strong-smelling or dangerous toinhale.
    Don't stand around in there breathing thefumeswhile the adhesive cures.
  2. A material that has been vaporized from thesolidorliquidstate to the gas state and re-coalesced to the solid state.
    Leadfumeis a greyish powder, mainly comprising lead sulfate.
  3. Rage or excitement which deprives the mind of self-control.
    • 1692–1717,Robert South,Twelve Sermons Preached upon Several Occasions,volumes(please specify |volume=I to VI),London:
      TheFumesof his Passion do as really intoxicate and confound his judging and discerning Faculty, as the Fumes of Drink discompose and stupify the Brain of a Man over - charged with it.
    • 1855December –1857June, Charles Dickens,Little Dorrit,London:Bradbury and Evans,[…],published1857,→OCLC:
      In his execution of this mission, Mr Tinkler perhaps expressed that Mr Dorrit was in a ragingfume.
  4. Anything unsubstantial or airy; idle conceit; vain imagination.
    • a.1627(date written),Francis [Bacon],“Considerations Touching a VVarre vvith Spaine.[…]”,inWilliam Rawley,editor,Certaine Miscellany VVorks of the Right Honourable Francis Lo. Verulam, Viscount S. Alban.[…],London:[…]I. Hauiland forHumphrey Robinson,[…],published1629,→OCLC:
      a show offumesand fancies
  5. The incense of praise; inordinate flattery.
  6. (obsolete)Apassionateperson.

Usage notes

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  • In the sense of strong-smelling or dangerous vapor, the noun is typically plural, as in the example.

Derived terms

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Translations

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Verb

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fume(third-person singular simple presentfumes,present participlefuming,simple past and past participlefumed)

  1. (transitive)Toexpose(something) tofumes;specifically, to exposewood,etc., toammoniain order to producedarktints.
  2. (transitive)Toapplyorofferincenseto.
    • 1740,John Dyer,“The Ruins of Rome. A Poem.”, inPoems.[...]Viz. I. Grongar Hill. II. The Ruins of Rome. III. The Fleece, in Four Books,London: Printed by John Hughs, for Messrs.R[obert]andJ[ames]Dodsley,[…],published1759,→OCLC,pages42–43:
      Tyrian garbs, / Neptunian Albion's high teſtaceous food [i.e.,oysters], / And flavour'd Chian wines with incenſefum'd/ To ſlake Patrician thirſt: for theſe, their rights / In the vile ſtreets they proſtitute to ſale; / Their ancient rights, their dignities, their laws, / Their native glorious freedom.
  3. (intransitive)Toemitfumes.
    • 1667,John Milton,“Book X”, inParadise Lost.[…],London:[…][Samuel Simmons], and are to be sold by Peter Parker[…];[a]nd by Robert Boulter[…];[a]nd Matthias Walker,[…],→OCLC;republished asParadise Lost in Ten Books:[…],London: Basil Montagu Pickering[…],1873,→OCLC:
      where the golden altarfumed
    • a.1686,Earl of Roscommon [i.e.,Wentworth Dillon, 4th Earl of Roscommon],Samuel Johnson,“Virgil’s SixthEclogue,Silenus”, inThe Works of the English Poets. With Prefaces, Biographical and Critical,[…],volumes X (The Poems of Rochester, Roscommon, and Yalden), London:[…]E. Cox; for C. Bathurst,[…],published1779,page234,→OCLC:
      Young Chromis and Mnaſylus chanc'd to ſtray / Where (ſleeping in a cave)Silenuslay, / Whoſe conſtant cups flyfumingto his brain, / And always boil in each extended vein; / His truſty flaggon, full of potent juice, / Was hanging by, worn thin with age and uſe; [...]
  4. (intransitive)Topass offin fumes orvapours.
  5. (intransitive,figuratively)Toexpressorfeelgreatanger.
    He’s stillfumingabout the argument they had yesterday.
  6. (intransitive,figuratively)To be as in amist;to bedulledandstupefied.

Derived terms

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Translations

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Asturian

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Verb

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fume

  1. first-personsingularpresentsubjunctiveoffumar
  2. third-personsingularpresentsubjunctiveoffumar

French

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Pronunciation

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Verb

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fume

  1. inflection offumer:
    1. first/third-personsingularpresentindicative/subjunctive
    2. second-personsingularimperative

Anagrams

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Galician

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Alternative forms

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Etymology

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Attested since circa 1300. FromOld Galician-Portuguesefumo(13th century,Cantigas de Santa Maria), fromLatinfūmus,although the final vowel could imply anOld Frenchborrowing. Cognate withPortuguesefumoandSpanishhumo.

Pronunciation

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Noun

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fumem(pluralfumes)

  1. smoke
    • c.1300,R. Martínez López, editor,General Estoria. Versión gallega del siglo XIV,Oviedo: Publicacións de Archivum, page209:
      coyda que o bafo etfumedaquel fogo que ensuzou et [empoçoou] as agoas et aterra daly
      he thinks that the fumes and thesmokeof that fire defiled and poisoned the waters and the soil there
    • 1348,J. Méndez Pérez & al. (eds.),El monasterio de San Salvador de Chantada,Santiago de Compostela: I. Padre Sarmiento, page 326:
      a vida deste mundo he asy como a sonbra, et quando ome se deleyta en ella he asy como ofumo'que se vay logo
      the life in this world is like the shadow, and when a man delight in it is like thesmoke,which soon goes away
  2. fume
    Synonyms:bafo,vapor
  3. (figurative,in theplural)haughtiness
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Verb

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fume

  1. inflection offumar:
    1. first/third-personsingularpresentsubjunctive
    2. third-personsingularimperative

References

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Latin

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Noun

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fūme

  1. vocativesingularoffūmus

Middle English

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Etymology 1

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Borrowed fromOld Frenchfum,fromLatinfūmus,fromProto-Indo-European*dʰuh₂mós.

Alternative forms

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Pronunciation

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Noun

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fume(pluralfumes)

  1. Visible gaseous emanations;fumesorsmoke.
  2. Any sort ofvapouror gaseous emanation.
  3. (physiology)Fumes as the supposed cause of feelings.
  4. (rare)An airbornescentorodour.
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Descendants
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  • English:fume
  • Scots:fume
References
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Etymology 2

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FromOld Frenchfumer.

Verb

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fume

  1. Alternative form offumen

Norwegian Nynorsk

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Verb

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fume(present tensefumar,past tensefuma,past participlefuma,passive infinitivefumast,present participlefumande,imperativefume/fum)

  1. (pre-2012)alternative form offomme

Portuguese

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Pronunciation

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Verb

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fume

  1. inflection offumar:
    1. first/third-personsingularpresentsubjunctive
    2. third-personsingularimperative

Spanish

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Verb

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fume

  1. inflection offumar:
    1. first/third-personsingularpresentsubjunctive
    2. third-personsingularimperative

Tarantino

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Noun

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fume

  1. smoke
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