il
Translingual
[edit]Alternative forms
[edit]Numeral
[edit]il
- (informal)ARoman numeralrepresentingforty-nine(49).
See also
[edit]Akatek
[edit]Etymology
[edit]FromProto-Mayan*il- Compare withAchiilonik
Pronunciation
[edit]Verb
[edit]il
- (transitive)tosee,towatch,lookat
References
[edit]Azerbaijani
[edit]Cyrillic | ил | |
---|---|---|
Abjad | ایل |
Etymology
[edit]FromProto-Turkic*yïl(“year”).[1]Cognate withOld Turkic𐰘𐰃𐰞(yïl).[2]
Pronunciation
[edit]Audio: (file)
Noun
[edit]il(definite accusativeili,pluralillər)
Declension
[edit]Declension ofil | ||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
singular | plural | |||||||
nominative | il |
illər | ||||||
definite accusative | ili |
illəri | ||||||
dative | ilə |
illərə | ||||||
locative | ildə |
illərdə | ||||||
ablative | ildən |
illərdən | ||||||
definite genitive | ilin |
illərin |
Derived terms
[edit]References
[edit]- ^Starostin, Sergei,Dybo, Anna,Mudrak, Oleg(2003) “*jɨl”, inEtymological dictionary of the Altaic languages(Handbuch der Orientalistik; VIII.8)[1],Leiden, New York, Köln: E.J. Brill
- ^Abuseitova, M. Kh, Bukhatuly, B., editors (2008), “𐰖𐰃𐰞”,inTÜRIK BITIG: Ethno Cultural Dictionary,Language Committee of Ministry of Culture and Information of Republic of Kazakhstan
Bunak
[edit]Noun
[edit]il
Further reading
[edit]- A. Schapper, J. Huber, A. van Engelenhoven,The Historical Relation of the Papuan Languages of Timor and Kisar,Language and Linguistics in Melnesia, Special Issue: On the History, Contact and Classification of Papuan languages(2012) pp. 194-242
Danish
[edit]Noun
[edit]ilc
Verb
[edit]il
Epigraphic Mayan
[edit]Etymology
[edit]FromProto-Mayan*il-.
Verb
[edit]il
- tosee
Faroese
[edit]Etymology
[edit]Noun
[edit]ilf(genitive singulariljar,pluraliljar)
f8 | Singular | Plural | ||
Indefinite | Definite | Indefinite | Definite | |
Nominative | il | ilin | iljar | iljarnar |
Accusative | il | ilina | iljar | iljarnar |
Dative | il | ilini | iljum | iljunum |
Genitive | iljar | iljarinnar | ilja | iljanna |
Franco-Provençal
[edit]Etymology
[edit]InheritedfromLate LatinillīandLatinille.
Pronoun
[edit]ilm(postpositive-il)(ORB, broad)
Derived terms
[edit]See also
[edit]singular | nominative | accusative | dative | tonic1 | possessive2 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
1stperson | jo | mè | min | ||
2ndperson | te | tè | tin | ||
3rdperson masculine | il | lo/le | lui | sin | |
3rdperson feminine | el | la | lyé | ||
3rdperson neuter | o | y | — | ||
3rdperson reflexive | — | sè | |||
plural | nominative | accusative | dative | tonic1 | possessive2 |
1stperson | nos | noutro | |||
2ndperson | vos | voutro | |||
3rdperson masculine | ils | los/les | lor | lor | |
3rdperson feminine | els | les | lor/lyés | ||
3rdperson reflexive | — | sè | |||
1Disjunctive or object of a preposition. | 2Generally preceded by a definite article. |
References
[edit]- ilin DicoFranPro:Dictionnaire Français/Francoprovençal– ondicofranpro.llm.umontreal.ca
- ilin Lo trèsor Arpitan – onarpitan.eu
French
[edit]Etymology
[edit]FromMiddle Frenchil,fromOld Frenchil,fromLate Latinillī.
Pronunciation
[edit]- IPA(key):/il/IPA(key):(informal)/i/
- (Quebec,informal)IPA(key):(preconsonantal)/i/,(prevocalic)/j/
Audio: (file) - Homophones:ils,île,îles,y
- Rhymes:-il
Pronoun
[edit]ilm(third-person singular,pluralils,accusativele,dativelui,emphaticlui,possessive determinerson)
- he(third-person singular masculine subject pronoun for human subject)
- Ilest parti.
- Heleft.
- it(third-person singular subject pronoun for grammatically masculine objects)
- Je cherche mon livre. Où est-il?
- I'm looking for my book. Where isit?
- (impersonal pronoun)Impersonal subject;it
- Ilpleut.
- It’s raining.
Related terms
[edit]Number | Person | Gender | Nominative (subject) |
Accusative (direct complement) |
Dative (indirect complement) |
Locative (at) |
Genitive (of) |
Disjunctive (tonic) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Singular | First | — | je,j’ | me,m’ | — | — | moi | |
Second | — | tu | te,t’ | — | — | toi | ||
Third | Masculine | il | le,l’ | lui | y | en | lui | |
Feminine | elle | la,l’ | elle | |||||
Indeterminate | on1 | — | — | — | — | — | ||
Reflexive | — | se,s’4 | — | — | soi4 | |||
Plural | First | — | nous | nous | — | — | nous | |
Second | — | vous2 | vous2,3 | — | — | vous2 | ||
Third | Masculine | ils3 | les | leur | y | en | eux3 | |
Feminine | elles | elles |
- 1Also used as the first person plural.
- 2Also used as the polite singular form.
- 3Also used when a group has both men and women.
- 4Also used as third person plural reflexive.
References
[edit]
Further reading
[edit]- “il”,inTrésor de la langue française informatisé[Digitized Treasury of the French Language],2012.
Anagrams
[edit]Friulian
[edit]Friulian Definite Articles | ||
---|---|---|
singular | plural | |
masculine | il l' |
i |
feminine | la l' |
lis |
Alternative forms
[edit]Etymology
[edit]FromLatinillum,ultimately fromille.
Article
[edit]ilmsg(plurali)
See also
[edit]Haitian Creole
[edit]Etymology
[edit]Pronunciation
[edit]Noun
[edit]il
Icelandic
[edit]Etymology
[edit]FromOld Norseil,fromProto-Germanic*iljō.
Pronunciation
[edit]Noun
[edit]ilf(genitive singulariljar,nominative pluraliljar)
Declension
[edit]Declension ofil | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|
f-s1 | singular | plural | ||
indefinite | definite | indefinite | definite | |
nominative | il | ilin | iljar | iljarnar |
accusative | il | ilina | iljar | iljarnar |
dative | il | ilinni | iljum | iljunum |
genitive | iljar | iljarinnar | ilja | iljanna |
Derived terms
[edit]Ido
[edit]Pronunciation
[edit]Pronoun
[edit]il(pluralili,possessiveilua,possessive pluralilui)
See also
[edit]Singular | Plural | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Nominative | Possessive | Nominative | Possessive | ||||
Singular | Plural | Singular | Plural | ||||
First person | me | mea | mei | ni | nia | nii | |
Second person | Formal | vu | vua | vui | vi | via | vii |
Familiar | tu | tua | tui | ||||
Third person | Masculine | ilu,il | ilua | ilui | ili | ilia | ilii |
Feminine | elu,el | elua | elui | eli | elia | elii | |
Neuter | olu,ol | olua | olui | oli | olia | olii | |
Common | lu | lua | lui | li | lia | lii | |
Reflexive | su | sua | sui | su | sua | sui | |
Indefinite | onu,on | onua | onui | onu,on | onua | onui | |
Notes | |||||||
The possessive plurals are seldom used. | |||||||
The shortened forms are preferred. | |||||||
The pangendered forms are preferred to the gendered or neuter forms in most scenarios. |
Interlingua
[edit]Pronoun
[edit]il
- personal pronoun used with impersonal verbs
- Ilha multe arbores illac.
- Thereare many trees there.
Usage notes
[edit]Optional.
Irish
[edit]Etymology 1
[edit]FromOld Irishil,fromProto-Celtic*ɸilus,fromProto-Indo-European*pélh₁us,fromProto-Indo-European*pelh₁-.
Adjective
[edit]il(genitive singular masculineil,genitive singular feminineile,pluralile,comparativeile)
Derived terms
[edit]Etymology 2
[edit]Adjective
[edit]il(genitive singular masculineil,genitive singular feminineile,pluralile,comparativeile)
- Alternative form ofoll(“great; huge, vast, immense”)
Declension
[edit]Mutation
[edit]Irish mutation | |||
---|---|---|---|
Radical | Eclipsis | withh-prothesis | witht-prothesis |
il | n-il | hil | not applicable |
Note:Some of these forms may be hypothetical. Not every possible mutated form of every word actually occurs. |
Further reading
[edit]- Ó Dónaill, Niall(1977) “il”,inFoclóir Gaeilge–Béarla,Dublin: An Gúm,→ISBN
- de Bhaldraithe, Tomás(1959) “il”,inEnglish-Irish Dictionary,An Gúm
- “il”,inNew English-Irish Dictionary,Foras na Gaeilge,2013-2024
Italian
[edit]Alternative forms
[edit]Etymology
[edit]From earlier*ille,*elle,fromLatinillum(andillud), ultimately fromille.The final vowel fell by apocope, and the/e/(< Latin ⟨ē ĭ⟩) in monosyllable particles shifted to/i/in Tuscan, comparein,di,ri-,mi.The formelis found in older texts and can still be heard regionally.
Patota claims this to be from the older formlo(from the same source), via an intermediate forml.The initialiwould be asvarabhaktivowel added to the formlin order to make the pronunciation easier.[1]
Pronunciation
[edit]Article
[edit]Italian Definite Articles | ||
---|---|---|
singular | plural | |
masculine | il lo/l' |
i gli |
feminine | la/l' | le |
ilmsg(plurali)
References
[edit]Anagrams
[edit]Middle French
[edit]Etymology
[edit]FromOld Frenchil.
Pronoun
[edit]ilm
Descendants
[edit]- French:il
Norwegian Bokmål
[edit]Noun
[edit]ilform(definite singularilaorilen,indefinite pluraliler,definite pluralilene)
Norwegian Nynorsk
[edit]Etymology
[edit]FromOld Norseilf,fromProto-Germanic*iljōf,*ilin.
Noun
[edit]ilf(definite singularila,indefinite pluraliler,definite pluralilene)
Inflection
[edit]Historical inflection ofil
Forms initalicsare currently considered non-standard. Forms in [brackets] were official, but considered second-tier. Forms in (parentheses) were allowed underMidlandsnormalen.1Nouns were capitalised for most of the 19th century. Likeil,see alsofetandhes. |
Related terms
[edit]References
[edit]- “il”inThe Nynorsk Dictionary.
Old English
[edit]Noun
[edit]īlm
- Alternative form ofiġil
Old French
[edit]Etymology 1
[edit]Pronoun
[edit]ilmsg(feminineele)
- he(third-person masculine singular subject pronoun)
Descendants
[edit]Etymology 2
[edit]Alternative forms
[edit]- ils(late, analogical)
Pronoun
[edit]ilmpl(feminineeles)
- they(third-person masculine plural subject pronoun)
- c.1170,Wace,Le Roman de Rou:
- S'ilvos poent ataindre, ja vos areient tué.
- If they could range you, they would have already killed you.
Descendants
[edit]Old Irish
[edit]Alternative forms
[edit]Etymology
[edit]FromProto-Celtic*ɸelus,fromProto-Indo-European*pélh₁us,fromProto-Indo-European*pelh₁-.Cognate withGothic𐍆𐌹𐌻𐌿(filu,“much”),Ancient Greekπολύς(polús,“much”),Sanskritपुरु(puru,“much”).
Pronunciation
[edit]Adjective
[edit]il(equativelir,comparativelia)
- much,many(usually as the first member of a compound, usually governs a plural noun)
- cosin taidbseil―with much ostentation
- Is amlid do·rigéni Dia corp duini óil-ballaib.―Thus God has made man's body of many members.
- Is ferr precept oldaas labradil-béelre.―Preaching is better than speaking many languages.
- c.800,Würzburg Glosses on the Pauline Epistles, published inThesaurus Palaeohibernicus(reprinted 1987, Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies), edited and with translations by Whitley Stokes and John Strachan, vol. I, pp. 499–712, Wb.4d15
- In Belzefuth: is béss didu ind lïacc beniril-béim friss, et intí do·thuit foir ɔ·boing a chnámi, intí fora tuit-som immurgu at·bail-side.
- The Beelzebub: it is the custom, then, of the stone that many blows are hit on it, and he who falls upon it breaks his bones; however, he whom it falls on perishes
- c.845,St Gall Glosses on Priscian, published inThesaurus Palaeohibernicus(reprinted 1975, Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies), edited and with translations by Whitley Stokes and John Strachan, vol. II, pp. 49–224, Sg. 26b7
- De dliguth trá innan-il-toimdden sin, is de gaibthi “igitur”;quasi dixisset“Ní fail ní nád taí mo dligeth-sa fair i ndegaid na comroircnech.”
- Of the law then, of thosemanyopinions, it is thereof that he recites “igitur”;as if he had said, “There is nothing which my law does not touch upon after the erroneous ones.
Inflection
[edit]As a preposed adjective, usually uninflected, but the following forms are found occasionally:
Derived terms
[edit]Descendants
[edit]Mutation
[edit]Old Irish mutation | ||
---|---|---|
Radical | Lenition | Nasalization |
il (pronounced with/h/inh-prothesis environments) |
unchanged | n-il |
Note:Some of these forms may be hypothetical. Not every possible mutated form of every word actually occurs. |
Further reading
[edit]- Gregory Toner, Sharon Arbuthnot, Máire Ní Mhaonaigh, Marie-Luise Theuerkauf, Dagmar Wodtko, editors (2019), “1 il”,ineDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language
Old Norse
[edit]Etymology
[edit]FromProto-Germanic*iljō,*ili(“sole”).
Noun
[edit]ilf(genitiveiljar,pluraliljar)
Declension
[edit]Descendants
[edit]References
[edit]“il”,inGeir T. Zoëga (1910)A Concise Dictionary of Old Icelandic,Oxford: Clarendon Press
Somali
[edit]Etymology
[edit]FromProto-Cushitic*ʔil-.Cognates includeOromoija,SidamoilleandJiidduel.[1]
Noun
[edit]il
References
[edit]- “il” In: Abdullah Umar Mansur (1985)Qaamuska Afsoomaliga.
Swedish
[edit]Etymology 1
[edit]InheritedfromOld Swedishīl(“squall; sudden storm”),ultimate origin disputed. Cognate ofIcelandicél(“hailstorm”).
Noun
[edit]ilc
Declension
[edit]Derived terms
[edit]Etymology 2
[edit]Noun
[edit]ilc
Declension
[edit]References
[edit]- ilinSvensk ordbok(SO)
- ilinSvenska Akademiens ordlista(SAOL)
- ilinSvenska Akademiens ordbok(SAOB)
- ilin Elof Hellquist,Svensk etymologisk ordbok(1st ed., 1922)
Turkish
[edit]Etymology
[edit]FromOttoman Turkishایل(il),fromProto-Turkic*ēl(“realm”).Doubletofel.
Pronunciation
[edit]Noun
[edit]il(definite accusativeili,pluraliller)
Declension
[edit]Inflection | ||
---|---|---|
Nominative | il | |
Definite accusative | ili | |
Singular | Plural | |
Nominative | il | iller |
Definite accusative | ili | illeri |
Dative | ile | illere |
Locative | ilde | illerde |
Ablative | ilden | illerden |
Genitive | ilin | illerin |
Tzotzil
[edit]Alternative forms
[edit]Pronunciation
[edit]Verb
[edit]il
- (transitive)tosee
References
[edit]- Laughlin, Robert M. [et al.] (1988)The Great Tzotzil Dictionary of Santo Domingo Zinacantán,vol. I.Washington: Smithsonian Institution Press.
Yucatec Maya
[edit]Verb
[edit]il(transitive)
Conjugation
[edit]singular | plural | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1stperson | 2ndperson | 3rdperson | 1stperson | 2ndperson | 3rdperson | |
imperfective | kin wilik | ka wilik | ku yilik | k ilik | ka wilikeʼex | ku yilikoʼob |
perfective | tin wilaj | ta wilaj | tu yilaj | t k ilaj | ta wilajeʼex | tu yilajoʼob |
subjunctive | ka in wilej | ka a wilej | ka u yilej | ka k ilej | ka a wileʼex | ka u yiloʼob |
imperative | - | ilej | - | - | ileʼex | - |
- Translingual lemmas
- Translingual numerals
- Translingual informal terms
- Akatek terms derived from Proto-Mayan
- Akatek terms inherited from Proto-Mayan
- Akatek terms with IPA pronunciation
- Akatek lemmas
- Akatek verbs
- Akatek transitive verbs
- Azerbaijani terms inherited from Proto-Turkic
- Azerbaijani terms derived from Proto-Turkic
- Azerbaijani terms with audio pronunciation
- Azerbaijani lemmas
- Azerbaijani nouns
- Azerbaijani terms with usage examples
- az:Time
- Bunak lemmas
- Bunak nouns
- Danish lemmas
- Danish nouns
- Danish common-gender nouns
- Danish terms with rare senses
- Danish non-lemma forms
- Danish verb forms
- Epigraphic Mayan terms inherited from Proto-Mayan
- Epigraphic Mayan terms derived from Proto-Mayan
- Epigraphic Mayan lemmas
- Epigraphic Mayan verbs
- Faroese terms inherited from Old Norse
- Faroese terms derived from Old Norse
- Faroese lemmas
- Faroese nouns
- Faroese feminine nouns
- Franco-Provençal terms inherited from Late Latin
- Franco-Provençal terms derived from Late Latin
- Franco-Provençal terms inherited from Latin
- Franco-Provençal terms derived from Latin
- Franco-Provençal lemmas
- Franco-Provençal pronouns
- ORB, broad
- French terms inherited from Middle French
- French terms derived from Middle French
- French terms inherited from Old French
- French terms derived from Old French
- French terms inherited from Late Latin
- French terms derived from Late Latin
- French 1-syllable words
- French terms with IPA pronunciation
- French terms with audio pronunciation
- French terms with homophones
- Rhymes:French/il
- Rhymes:French/il/1 syllable
- French lemmas
- French pronouns
- French personal pronouns
- French terms with usage examples
- Friulian terms inherited from Latin
- Friulian terms derived from Latin
- Friulian lemmas
- Friulian articles
- Haitian Creole terms inherited from French
- Haitian Creole terms derived from French
- Haitian Creole terms with IPA pronunciation
- Haitian Creole lemmas
- Haitian Creole nouns
- ht:Landforms
- Icelandic terms inherited from Old Norse
- Icelandic terms derived from Old Norse
- Icelandic terms inherited from Proto-Germanic
- Icelandic terms derived from Proto-Germanic
- Icelandic 1-syllable words
- Icelandic terms with IPA pronunciation
- Rhymes:Icelandic/ɪːl
- Rhymes:Icelandic/ɪːl/1 syllable
- Icelandic lemmas
- Icelandic nouns
- Icelandic feminine nouns
- Icelandic countable nouns
- Icelandic terms with usage examples
- Ido terms with IPA pronunciation
- Ido lemmas
- Ido pronouns
- Ido apocopic forms
- Interlingua lemmas
- Interlingua pronouns
- Interlingua terms with usage examples
- Irish terms derived from Proto-Indo-European
- Irish terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *pelh₁-
- Irish terms inherited from Old Irish
- Irish terms derived from Old Irish
- Irish terms inherited from Proto-Celtic
- Irish terms derived from Proto-Celtic
- Irish terms inherited from Proto-Indo-European
- Irish lemmas
- Irish adjectives
- Irish literary terms
- Italian terms inherited from Latin
- Italian terms derived from Latin
- Italian 1-syllable words
- Italian terms with IPA pronunciation
- Italian terms with audio pronunciation
- Italian lemmas
- Italian articles
- Middle French terms inherited from Old French
- Middle French terms derived from Old French
- Middle French lemmas
- Middle French pronouns
- Norwegian Bokmål lemmas
- Norwegian Bokmål nouns
- Norwegian Bokmål feminine nouns
- Norwegian Bokmål masculine nouns
- Norwegian Bokmål nouns with multiple genders
- Norwegian Nynorsk terms inherited from Old Norse
- Norwegian Nynorsk terms derived from Old Norse
- Norwegian Nynorsk terms derived from Proto-Germanic
- Norwegian Nynorsk lemmas
- Norwegian Nynorsk nouns
- Norwegian Nynorsk feminine nouns
- nn:Body parts
- Old English lemmas
- Old English nouns
- Old English masculine nouns
- Old French terms inherited from Late Latin
- Old French terms derived from Late Latin
- Old French lemmas
- Old French pronouns
- Old French terms inherited from Latin
- Old French terms derived from Latin
- Old French terms with quotations
- Old Irish terms derived from Proto-Indo-European
- Old Irish terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *pelh₁-
- Old Irish terms inherited from Proto-Celtic
- Old Irish terms derived from Proto-Celtic
- Old Irish terms inherited from Proto-Indo-European
- Old Irish terms with IPA pronunciation
- Old Irish lemmas
- Old Irish adjectives
- Old Irish terms with usage examples
- Old Irish terms with quotations
- Old Norse terms inherited from Proto-Germanic
- Old Norse terms derived from Proto-Germanic
- Old Norse lemmas
- Old Norse nouns
- Old Norse feminine nouns
- Old Norse jō-stem nouns
- non:Anatomy
- Somali terms derived from Proto-Cushitic
- Somali lemmas
- Somali nouns
- Swedish terms inherited from Old Swedish
- Swedish terms derived from Old Swedish
- Swedish lemmas
- Swedish nouns
- Swedish common-gender nouns
- Swedish terms with archaic senses
- Swedish deverbals
- Turkish terms inherited from Ottoman Turkish
- Turkish terms derived from Ottoman Turkish
- Turkish terms inherited from Proto-Turkic
- Turkish terms derived from Proto-Turkic
- Turkish doublets
- Turkish terms with IPA pronunciation
- Turkish lemmas
- Turkish nouns
- Tzotzil terms with IPA pronunciation
- Tzotzil lemmas
- Tzotzil verbs
- Tzotzil transitive verbs
- Yucatec Maya lemmas
- Yucatec Maya verbs
- Yucatec Maya transitive verbs