jam

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See also:jamb,JAM,jám,-jam,Jam.,andям

English

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Marmalade,a type of jam, spread on a piece of bread
A strawberry jam and peanut butter sandwich

Pronunciation

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Etymology 1

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First attested in the early 18th c. as a verb meaning “to press, be pressed, be wedged in”. Compare dialectaljammock(“to press, squeeze, crush into a soft mass, chew food "; also" a soft, pulpy substance”).Perhaps fromMiddle Englishchammen,champen("to bite upon something, gnash the teeth"; whence modernchamp,chomp),of uncertain origin; probably originally onomatopoeic.

Noun

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jam(countableanduncountable,pluraljams)

  1. (less common in theUS)A sweet mixture of fruit boiled with sugar and allowed to congeal. Often spread on bread or toast or used injam tarts.
    Synonyms:(US)conserve,jelly,preserve
  2. (countable)A difficult situation.
    Synonyms:seeThesaurus:difficult situation
    • 1928,Upton Sinclair,Boston:
      It's a blackmail ring, and the district attorneys get a share of the loot.[…]Well, they got him in the same kind ofjam,and soaked him to the tune of three hundred and eighty-six thousand.
    • 1975,Bob Dylan(lyrics and music), “Tangled Up in Blue”:
      She was married when we first met / Soon to be divorced / I helped her out of ajam,I guess / But I used a little too much force
    • 1977,David Byrne(lyrics and music), “Uh-Oh, Love Comes to Town”, inTalking Heads: 77,performed by Talking Heads:
      Where, where is my common sense? / How did I get in ajamlike this?
    1. (countable,baseball)A difficult situation for apitcheror defending team.
      The pitcher's in ajamnow, having walked the bases loaded with the cleanup hitter coming to bat.
  4. (countable)Ablockage,congestion,orimmobilization.
    Synonym:jam-up
    Hyponyms:paper jam,traffic jam
    ajamon the 101 South, blocking the two right lanes[radio report]
    ajamof logs in a river
    • 2019February 14,National Transportation Safety Board,“1.3.2.3 Elevator Design Standard for Ground Gust Loads”, inAircraft Accident Report: Runway Overrun During Rejected Takeoff, Ameristar Air Cargo, Inc., dba Ameristar Charters, flight 9363, Boeing MD-83, N786TW, Ypsilanti, Michigan, March 8, 2017‎[2],archived fromthe originalon2 July 2022,page12:
      According to Boeing, in the history of this elevator design (which exists on all Boeing DC-9/MD-80 series and 717 model airplanes), this accident was the first notification that Boeing had received of an elevatorjamoccurring on an airplane exposed to ground gusts lower than 65 kts. Boeing noted that the elevator design first entered service in 1965 on the then-Douglas DC-9 airplane.
  5. (countable,popular music)An informal,impromptuperformance or rehearsal.
  6. (countable,by extension,informal)Asong;atrack.
    • 2001,Jet,volume100,number22,page25:
      The result is an outstanding assortment of sophisticated, sexy and hip-hop-tinged R&B grooves, ballads and partyjams.
  7. (countable,by extension)An informal event where peoplebrainstormandcollaborateonprojects.
    We came up with some new ideas at the gamejam.
    • 2017,Fred Patten,Furry Fandom Conventions, 1989-2015,page92:
      […]a day at new Farm Park with anart jam,fursuit games, and a nerf war, ending in the evening at the strike Wintergarden bowling center.
  8. (countable,slang)That which one particularly prefers, desires, enjoys, or cares about.
    Teaching is myjam.
  9. (countable,basketball)A forcefuldunk.
  10. (countable,roller derby)A play during which points can be scored.
    Toughie scored four points in thatjam.
  11. (climbing,countable)Any of several maneuvers requiring wedging of an extremity into a tight space.
    I used a whole series of fist and footjamsin that crack.
  12. (Australia)The treeAcacia acuminata,with fruity-smelling hard timber.
    Synonyms:raspberry jam tree,stinking acacia
  13. (UK,slang)Luck.
    He's got morejamthan Waitrose.
  14. (Canada,slang)balls,bollocks,courage,machismo
    I don't think he has thejam.
  15. (slang)Sexual relationsor the contemplation of them.
Derived terms
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terms derived fromjam(noun)
climbing terms
Descendants
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  • →Czech:džem
  • →Dutch:jam
  • →Estonian:džemm
  • →Japanese:ジャム(jamu)
  • →Korean:잼(jaem)
  • →Malay:jem
  • →Polish:dżem
  • →Russian:джем(džem)
  • →Serbo-Croatian:džȅm,џе̏м
  • →Slovak:džem
  • →Ukrainian:джем(džem)
Translations
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See also
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Verb

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jam(third-person singular simple presentjams,present participlejamming,simple past and past participlejammed)

  1. To get somethingstuck,often (though not necessarily) in aconfinedspace.
    My foot gotjammedin a gap between the rocks.
    Her poor little baby toe gotjammedin the door.
    Ijammedthe top knuckle of my ring finger.
  2. To brusquelyforcesomethingintoaspace;tocram,tosqueeze.
    They temporarily stopped the gas tank leak byjamminga piece of taffy into the hole.
    The rush-hour train wasjammedwith commuters.
    • 1779,George Colman,Farewell Epilogue, spoken at Wynnstay after the representation of Cymbeline and The Spanish Barber, 22 January, 1779, inProse on Several Occasions: Accompanied with Some Pieces in Verse,London: T. Cadel, 1787, Volume 3, p. 283,[3]
      Since the new post-horse tax, I dare engage
      That some folks here have travell’d in the Stage:
      Jamm’din at midnight, in cold winter weather,
      The crouded passengers are glew’d together.
  3. To render somethingunabletomove.
    • 2019February 14,National Transportation Safety Board,“2.3.3 Elevator Load Testing”, inAircraft Accident Report: Runway Overrun During Rejected Takeoff, Ameristar Air Cargo, Inc., dba Ameristar Charters, flight 9363, Boeing MD-83, N786TW, Ypsilanti, Michigan, March 8, 2017‎[4],archived fromthe originalon2 July 2022,page56:
      Considering the results of the CFD wind simulation, the NTSB designed several series of static and dynamic elevator load tests to determine what conditions, consistent with the known circumstances of the accident, could enable the inboard actuating crank and links of the right elevator's geared tab to move beyond their normal range of travel and become locked in an overcenter position (and, as a result,jamthe right elevator).
  4. Tocausecongestionorblockage.Often used with "up".
    A single accident canjamthe roads for hours.
  5. Toblockorconfusearadioorradarsignalbytransmittinga more-powerful signal on the samefrequency.
    The governmentjamsforeign propaganda broadcasts.
    The airstrike suffered minimal casualties because electronic-warfare aircraft werejammingthe enemy air-defense radars.
  7. (baseball)Tothrowapitchat or near thebatter'shands.
    Jones wasjammedby the pitch.
  8. (basketball)Todunk.
  10. (music)Toplaymusic(especiallyimprovisationas agroup,or aninformalunrehearsedsession).
  11. Toinjureafingerortoebysuddencompressionof thedigit'stip.
    When he tripped on the step hejammedhis toe.
  12. (roller derby)Toattempttoscorepoints.
    Toughiejammedfour times in the second period.
  13. (nautical,transitive)To bring (avessel) soclose to the windthat half heruppersailsarelaidaback.
    • (Can wedatethis quote?),William Clark Russell,The Golden Hope:
      It won't do tojamher,” answered Stone; "but it might be worth findin' out if th' Hope won't lie closer than t' other can." Half a point ---- "
  14. (Canada,informal)Togive upon adateor some otherjointendeavour;tostand up,chicken out,jam out.
  15. (colloquial)To be of high quality.
    I love this song! This songjams!
Synonyms
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Derived terms
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Translations
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Etymology 2

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PersianorHindi,meaning "garment, robe;" seeجامه(“garment”).Related topajamas.

Noun

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jam(pluraljams)

  1. (dated)A kind offrockforchildren.

Etymology 3

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Noun

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jam(pluraljams)

  1. (mining)Alternative form ofjamb

References

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See also

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Anagrams

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Albanian

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Alternative forms

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Etymology

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InheritedfromProto-Indo-European*h₁ésmi(“to be, exist”).[1][2][3][4][5]The forms inqe-may derive fromProto-Indo-European*kʷel-(“to turn, revolve”),[4]whence alsoAncient Greekπέλω(pélō,“to be”).

Pronunciation

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Verb

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jam(aoristqeshë,participleqenë)

  1. tobe
    1. Indicates a quality or identity.
      Ështëe bukur.―She isbeautiful.
      Sije?―Howare you?
      S'ështëpër ty.―It isnot for you.
    2. Indicates location.
      Synonym:gjendem
      Jamnë shtëpi.―I amat home.
      Janëjeshta.―They areout.
      Kuje?―Whereare you?
    3. (intransitive)tolive,stayalive
      Synonyms:rroj,jetoj,gjëllij
    4. to be from,come from[withnga]
      Synonyms:vij,rrjedh
      Jeminga Shqipëria.―We arefrom Albania.
      Ngaje?―Whereare youfrom?
    5. tosupport,agreewith[withme]
      Synonyms:pajtohem,përkrah
      Jamme ty.―Iagreewith you.
    6. (third person)tohappen,take place,occur
      Synonyms:ndodh,ngjan,bëhet
    7. (third person)there be
      Synonym:ka
      Janëmjaft.―There areenough.
    8. Followed bygerunds,forms thepresent continuous.
      Ishaduke lexuar.―Iwasreading.

Conjugation

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Standard Albanian conjugation ofjam(active voice)

  • Show compound tenses:

participle qenë
singular plural
1st pers. 2nd pers. 3rd pers. 1st pers. 2nd pers. 3rd pers.
indicative present jam je është/ë jemi jeni janë
imperfect isha ishe ishte/ish ishim ishit ishin
aorist qeshë qe qe qemë qetë qenë
perfect kam qenë ke qenë ka qenë kemi qenë keni qenë kanë qenë
past perfect kisha qenë kishe qenë kishte qenë kishim qenë kishit qenë kishin qenë
aorist II pata qenë pate qenë pati qenë patëm qenë patët qenë patën qenë
future1 do tëjem do tëjesh do tëjetë do tëjemi do tëjeni do tëjanë
future perfect2 do të kem qenë do të kesh qenë do të ketë qenë do të kemi qenë do të keni qenë do të kenë qenë
subjunctive present tëjem tëjesh tëjetë tëjemi tëjeni tëjanë
imperfect tëisha tëishe tëishte/ish tëishim tëishit tëishin
perfect të kem qenë të kesh qenë të ketë qenë të kemi qenë të keni qenë të kenë qenë
past perfect të kisha qenë të kishe qenë të kishte qenë të kishim qenë të kishit qenë të kishin qenë
conditional1, 2 imperfect do tëisha do tëishe do tëishte/ish do tëishim do tëishit do tëishin
past perfect do të kisha qenë do të kishe qenë do të kishte qenë do të kishim qenë do të kishit qenë do të kishin qenë
optative present qofsha qofsh qoftë qofshim qofshit qofshin
perfect paça qenë paç qenë pastë qenë paçim qenë paçit qenë paçin qenë
admirative present qenkam qenke qenka qenkemi qenkeni qenkan
imperfect qenkësha qenkëshe qenkësh qenkëshim qenkëshit qenkëshin
perfect paskam qenë paske qenë paska qenë paskemi qenë paskeni qenë paskan qenë
past perfect paskësha qenë paskëshe qenë paskësh qenë paskëshim qenë paskëshit qenë paskëshin qenë
imperative present — ji — — jini —
1) indicative future identical with conditional present2) indicative future perfect identical with conditional perfect

References

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  1. ^Meyer,G.(1891) “jam”,inEtymologisches Wörterbuch der albanesischen Sprache[Etymological Dictionary of the Albanian Language] (in German), Strasbourg: Karl J. Trübner,→DOI,pages160–161
  2. ^Pokorny, Julius(1959) “es-”,inIndogermanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch[Indo-European Etymological Dictionary] (in German), volume 1, Bern, München: Francke Verlag,page340
  3. ^Demiraj,B.(1997)Albanische Etymologien: Untersuchungen zum albanischen Erbwortschatz[Albanian Etymologies:[…]] (Leiden Studies in Indo-European; 7)‎[1](in German), Amsterdam, Atlanta: Rodopi, pages207–208
  4. ↑4.04.1Orel, Vladimir E.(1998) “jam”,inAlbanian Etymological Dictionary,Leiden, Boston, Köln: Brill,→ISBN,page156
  5. ^De Vaan, Michiel(2008) “sum”, inEtymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages(Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill,→ISBN,page599

Further reading

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  • “jam”, inFGJSSH: Fjalor i gjuhës së sotme shqipe[Dictionary of the modern Albanian language]‎[5](in Albanian),1980,pages734–735

Baba Malay

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Etymology

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FromMalayjam,fromSanskritयाम(yāma).

Noun

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jam

  1. hour
  2. time

Further reading

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Chinese

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Etymology 1

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FromEnglishjam.

Pronunciation

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Verb

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jam

  1. (Hong Kong Cantonese)tojam(to play music)
Derived terms
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References

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Etymology 2

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(Thisetymologyis missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at theEtymology scriptorium.)

Pronunciation

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Verb

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jam

  1. (Hong Kong Cantonese,universityslang)tonab;totakewithoutasking
Synonyms
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Dialectal synonyms ofThâu( “to steal” )[map]
Variety Location Words
Classical Chinese Thâu,Đạo,Thiết
Formal(Written Standard Chinese) Thâu,Thâu thiết,Thâu đạo,Đạo thiết,Thiết thủ
Northeastern Mandarin Beijing Thâu
Taiwan Thâu
Singapore Thâu
Cantonese Guangzhou Thâu,Thử
Hong Kong Thâu,Thát,M,jam
Taishan Thâu
Hakka Meixian Thâu
Huizhou(Huicheng Bendihua) Thát
Miaoli(N. Sixian) Thâu
Hsinchu County(Zhudong; Hailu) Thâu
Taichung(Dongshi; Dabu) Thâu
Hsinchu County(Qionglin; Raoping) Thâu
Yunlin(Lunbei; Zhao'an) Thâu đề
Southern Min Xiamen Thâu đề
Quanzhou Thâu đề
Zhangzhou Thâu đề
Penang(Hokkien) Thâu đề
Manila(Hokkien) Thâu,Thâu đề
Shantou Thâu
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Czech

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Etymology

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BorrowedfromPortugueseinhameorSpanishiñame,both likely of West African origin.

Noun

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jamminan

  1. yam(anyDioscoreavine)

Declension

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This noun needs aninflection-table template.

Dutch

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Etymology

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Borrowed fromEnglishjam.

Pronunciation

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Noun

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jamm(pluraljams,diminutivejammetjen)

  1. (chieflyNetherlands)jam(congealed sweet mixture of conserved fruits)

Synonyms

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Derived terms

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Descendants

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  • →Caribbean Javanese:sèm

Esperanto

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Etymology

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Borrowed fromLatiniam.

Pronunciation

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Adverb

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jam

  1. already,prior to some time
    Ŝijamnutris la bestojn.―Shealreadyfed the animals.

Fula

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Noun

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jamo

  1. (Pulaar,Maasina)peace

References

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Garo

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Etymology

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(Thisetymologyis missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at theEtymology scriptorium.)

Noun

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jam

  1. granary,storehouse

Highland Popoluca

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Noun

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jam

  1. lime

References

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  • Elson, Benjamin F., Gutiérrez G., Donaciano (1999)Diccionario popoluca de la Sierra, Veracruz(Serie de vocabularios y diccionarios indígenas “Mariano Silva y Aceves”;41)‎[6](in Spanish),Instituto Lingüístico de Verano, A.C.,→ISBN,page74

Iban

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Etymology

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FromSanskritयाम(yāma,“time”).

Pronunciation

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  • IPA(key):[d͡ʒam]
  • Hyphenation:jam

Noun

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jam

  1. hour(Time period of sixty minutes)
  2. clock(instrument to measure or keep track of time)
  3. time

Indonesian

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Alternative forms

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Etymology

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FromMalayjam,fromSanskritयाम(yāma,“time”).

Pronunciation

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  • Audio:(file)
  • IPA(key):/ˈd͡ʒam/ [ˈd͡ʒam]
  • Hyphenation:jam

Noun

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jam(first-person possessivejamku,second-person possessivejammu,third-person possessivejamnya)

  1. hour(Time period of sixty minutes)
  2. clock(instrument to measure or keep track of time)
  3. (colloquial)time,particular moment or hour; the appropriate moment or hour for something
    Synonyms:pukul,saat,waktu

Derived terms

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Further reading

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Interlingua

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Adverb

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jam(not comparable)

  1. already

Javanese

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Romanization

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jam

  1. Romanization ofꦗꦩ꧀

Latgalian

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Pronunciation

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  • IPA(key):/ˈjam/
  • Hyphenation:jam

Pronoun

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jam

  1. dativesingularofjis
    Esjamatsaceju par reizi.―I repliedto himright away.
    Jamdaguoja laistīs paceli nu sātys.―Hehad to leave his home.
    Vysjamnazkas natai.―He's never satisfied.(literally, “It's never good enoughfor him.”)

References

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  • Nicole Nau (2011)A short grammar of Latgalian,München: LINCOM GmbH,→ISBN,page37

Latin

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Adverb

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jam(notcomparable)

  1. Alternative form ofiam

References

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Lindu

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Noun

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jam

  1. time
  2. hour
  3. clock

Lithuanian

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Pronoun

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jamm

  1. third-personsingulardativeofjis
    • 2007,Jurga (Jurga Šeduikytė),Angelai
      Jo balti sparnai man tinka
      Jamsavo šarvus dovanoju
      His white wings suit me
      I present to him my armor

Malay

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Etymology

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FromSanskritयाम(yāma,“time”).

Pronunciation

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Noun

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jam(Jawi spellingجم,pluraljam-jam,informal 1st possessivejamku,2nd possessivejammu,3rd possessivejamnya)

  1. hour(Time period of sixty minutes)
  2. clock(instrument to measure or keep track of time)

Derived terms

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Affixed terms and other derivations

Regular affixed derivations:

Descendants

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Further reading

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North Frisian

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Etymology

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FromOld Frisianjī.Cognate with West Frisianjimme.

Pronoun

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jam

  1. you(plural)
  2. your(plural)

Polish

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Pronunciation

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  • IPA(key):/jam/
  • Rhymes:-am
  • Syllabification:jam

Noun

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jamf

  1. genitivepluralofjama

Pronoun

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jam

  1. (informal,sometimesproscribed)Combined form ofja+-m

Further reading

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  • jamin Polish dictionaries at PWN

Slovene

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Noun

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jam

  1. genitivedual/pluralofjama

Spanish

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Noun

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jamm(pluraljamsorjam)

  1. jam(music session)

Swedish

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Pronunciation

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Noun

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jamn

  1. meow(sound of a cat)
    Synonym:(more common)mjau

Declension

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Declension ofjam
Singular Plural
Indefinite Definite Indefinite Definite
Nominative jam jamet jam jamen
Genitive jams jamets jams jamens
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Anagrams

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Uzbek

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Etymology

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BorrowedfromArabicجَمْع(jamʕ).CompareTurkishcem.

Adjective

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jam(comparativejamroq,superlativeengjam)

  1. addition,plus,total

Derived terms

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Waigali

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Pronunciation

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Noun

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jam

  1. metalwaterpot

Welsh

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Etymology

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FromEnglishjam.

Pronunciation

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Noun

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jamm(pluraljamiau,not mutable)

  1. jam
    Synonym:cyffaith

Further reading

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  • R. J. Thomas, G. A. Bevan, P. J. Donovan, A. Hawke et al., editors (1950–present), “jam”,inGeiriadur Prifysgol Cymru Online(in Welsh), University of Wales Centre for Advanced Welsh & Celtic Studies

West Frisian

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Etymology

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(Thisetymologyis missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at theEtymology scriptorium.)

Noun

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jamc(pluraljams)

  1. jam,fruit preserves

Alternative forms

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Further reading

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  • “jam (I)”,inWurdboek fan de Fryske taal(in Dutch),2011
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