jo

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English

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EnglishWikipediahas an article on:
Wikipedia

Pronunciation

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Etymology 1

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FromScotsjo(joy),fromMiddle Englishjoye,fromOld Frenchjoie,fromLate Latingaudia,neuter plural (mistaken as feminine singular) ofLatingaudium(joy),fromgaudēre(to be glad, rejoice).Doubletofjoyandgaudy(Oxford college reunion).

Noun

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jo(pluraljos)

  1. (Scotland)Darling,sweetheart.
    • 1711,traditional, published by James Watson,Old Long Syne:
      On Old long syne myJo,
      on Old long syne,
      That thou canst never once reflect,
      on Old long syne.
    • My Jo Janet(traditional Scottish song)
      Keek into the draw-well, Janet, Janet;
      There ye'll see your bonnie sel',
      Myjo,Janet.
Alternative forms
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Etymology 2

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BorrowedfromJapaneseTrượng.

Noun

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jo(pluraljo)

  1. Thestaffused in theJapanesemartial artofjodoorjojutsu.

Anagrams

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Albanian

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Etymology

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Likely ababble word,compareTurkishyok(no),and its derivates in other Balkanic languages such asRomanianioc,Macedonianјок(jok).Comparison withGermanja(yes)[1]is semantically hard to explain.

Pronunciation

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Determiner

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jo

  1. negates non-verbal phrases:no,not

Synonyms

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See also

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References

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  1. ^Orel, Vladimir E.(1998) “jo”,inAlbanian Etymological Dictionary,Leiden, Boston, Köln: Brill,→ISBN,page159

Basque

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Etymology

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Unknown.

Pronunciation

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  • IPA(key):(Navarro-Lapurdian)/ɟo/[ɟo]
  • IPA(key):(Gipuzkoan)/xo/[xo]
  • IPA(key):(Biscayan)/d͡ʒo/[d͡ʒo]
  • IPA(key):(Navarrese)/jo/[jo]

  • Rhymes:-o
  • Hyphenation:jo

Verb

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jodu(imperfect participlejotzen,future participlejoko,short formjo,verbal nounjotze)

  1. tohit,strike,punch
  2. (music)toplay
    Gitarrajonahi dut.I want to play the guitar.
  3. toknock,rap
    Gizon itsusi batek etxeko ateajodu.An ugly man knocked on the door.
  4. tocrash
  5. tohead,go
  6. toblow(the wind)
    Synonym:ibili

Further reading

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  • jo”,inEuskaltzaindiaren Hiztegia[Dictionary of the Basque Academy],Euskaltzaindia
  • jo”,inOrotariko Euskal Hiztegia[General Basque Dictionary],Euskaltzaindia,1987–2005

Bavarian

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Etymology

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Cognate withIcelandic,Swedishjo.Equivalent to standard High Germandoch.

Pronunciation

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Particle

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jo

  1. yes(in response to a negative question).
    Woids es ned na fuat heid?Jo,owa's wedda is a weng schlecht.
    Wolltet ihr nicht noch heute furt?Doch,aber das Wetter is etwas schlecht.

Catalan

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Etymology

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InheritedfromOld Catalanjo~io~yo,fromVulgar Latin(attested from the sixth century), fromLatinego,fromProto-Italic*egō,fromProto-Indo-European*éǵh₂;akin toGreekεγώ(egó),Sanskritअहम्(aham),all fromProto-Indo-European*éǵh₂.CompareOccitanjo,Spanishyo,Frenchje,Italianio.

Pronunciation

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Pronoun

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jo(strong)

  1. I
  2. (after certain prepositions)me

Declension

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Synonyms

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  • mi(after most prepositions)

Noun

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jom(uncountable)

  1. ego(the self)
    Synonym:ego

References

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Czech

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Etymology

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ComparePolishjo.

Pronunciation

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Particle

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jo

  1. (colloquial)yeah,yep
    Synonym:ano
    Antonym:ne

Further reading

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  • jo”,inPříruční slovník jazyka českého(in Czech),1935–1957
  • jo”,inSlovník spisovného jazyka českého(in Czech),1960–1971, 1989

Dalmatian

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Alternative forms

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Etymology

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FromLatinubi.CompareRomanianiuo,Italianove,French,Old Spanisho.

Pronunciation

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Adverb

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jo

  1. where

Danish

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Etymology 1

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Borrowed fromMiddle Low Germanjo.Used likeSwedishju,Germanja(adverb) /je(conjunction).

Pronunciation

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  • IPA(key):[jo](unstressed in context)

Adverb

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jo

  1. as you know or should know; sometimes vaguely translatable asafter allorobviously
    • 2015,Henriette E. Møller,Jelne,Gyldendal A/S,→ISBN:
      Jeg ved ikke, hvad de talte om, hendes sind blev så mørkt, jeg kunnejoikke rigtigt snakke med hende.
      I do not know of what they spoke, her mind became so dark, I could not really talk with her,as you should be able to see.
    • 2009,Sven Arvid Birkeland,I krigens kølvand: danske skæbner efter 2. verdenskrig,Gyldendal A/S,→ISBN,page479:
      Han gikjoikke i krig i håb om, at det skulle blive den store sejr
      After all,he did not go to war in the hopes of achieving great victory.
    • 2016,Anita Krumbach, Dorte Lilmose, Hanne Kvist, Helle Perrier, Iben Mondrup, Louis Jensen, Ronnie Andersen, Sissel Bergfjord, Svend Åge Madsen, Tomas Lagermand Lundme,Det du ikke ved: Noveller for unge,Gyldendal A/S,→ISBN:
      Jeg mener, at selv ens eget navn eller alder KAN manjoikke være 100 procent sikker på er Dennis/17, vel?
      I mean, oneobviouslycannot even be 100% sure that one's own name or age are Dennis and 17, can one?

Conjunction

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jo

  1. the
    Jomere jeg løber, desto trættere bliver jeg.
    Themore I run, the more tired I become.
Usage notes
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jo... desto...,jo... des...are common constructions.

Etymology 2

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FromOld Norsejaur.

Pronunciation

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Interjection

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jo

  1. yes(used to contradict a negative statement or negatively phrased question)(often followed byI do,he is,etc. in English to indicate contradiction rather than affirmation); identical in usage to the Frenchsi.Contrasts withjawhich confirms positive statements or positively phrased questions.
    Du elsker mig ikke, gør du vel? —Jo!
    You don't love me, do you? —Yes, I do!
    Jeg har ikke gjort noget! —Jo!
    I didn't do anything! —Yes, you did!
Usage notes
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Negatively phrased questions likeKommer du ikke?,Du kommer ikke, vel?,Du kommer ikke?( "Are you not coming?", "You are not coming, are you?", "You are not coming?" ) must be answered withjoto indicate that the speaker is, in fact, coming; they cannot be answered withja( "yes" ).

References

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Dutch

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Etymology

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FromEnglishyo.

Interjection

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jo

  1. hi
    Ey! - Jo!- Hey! - Hi!
  2. bye
    Later! - Jo!- Later! - Bye!
  3. youtoo
    Fijn weekend! - Jo!- Have a nice weekend! - You too!

Esperanto

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Pronunciation

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Noun

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jo(accusative singularjo-on,pluraljo-oj,accusative pluraljo-ojn)

  1. The name of theLatin-scriptletterJ/j.

See also

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Finnish

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Etymology

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FromProto-Finnic*jo,borrowed fromProto-Germanic*ju,compareGothic𐌾𐌿(ju,already),Old High Germanju(already).Cognates includeEstonianju,Voticjo,Vepsjo,Ingrianjo,Karelianjo.(ju”,in[ETY]Eesti etümoloogiasõnaraamat[Estonian Etymological Dictionary] (in Estonian) (online version), Tallinn: Eesti Keele Sihtasutus (Estonian Language Foundation),2012).

Pronunciation

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  • IPA(key):/ˈjo/,[ˈjo̞]
  • Rhymes:-o
  • Syllabification(key):jo

Adverb

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jo

  1. already(prior to some time; so soon)
    Luin kirjanjoloppuun.
    Ialreadyfinished the book.
  2. now,already(emphasizing word)
    Tulejo!(impatiently)
    Comenow!

Derived terms

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Further reading

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Friulian

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Etymology

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InheritedfromLate Latineo,fromClassical Latinegō̆.

Pronoun

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jo

  1. I

See also

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German

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Alternative forms

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Etymology 1

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Alteration ofja(yes)or the respective dialectalcognates.CompareEnglishyo.

Pronunciation

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Interjection

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jo

  1. (colloquial,dialectal)yes,yeah,well;expresses agreement in a hesitant or ponderous manner.

Etymology 2

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From the respective dialectal words foryesin about half of Northern and Central Germany and all of Western Germany (compareLow Germanja,jo). Possibly fromProto-Germanic*ja(yes, thus, so),possibly from an unrecorded root. The form with /oː/ must have existed in theMiddle Agesalready, since the word often partakes in the same sound shifts as words with /oː/ from other sources, cf.Swedishjo,Middle Englishyo(>Englishyo).

Pronunciation

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Interjection

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jo

  1. (colloquial)yes;expresses firm agreement.
Derived terms
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Ingrian

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Etymology

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FromProto-Finnic*jo.Cognates includeFinnishjoandEstonianju.

Pronunciation

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Adverb

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jo

  1. already
    • 1936,N. A. Iljin and V. I. Junus,Bukvari iƶoroin șkouluja vart,Leningrad: Riikin Ucebno-pedagogiceskoi Izdateljstva, page25:
      Kiko ja Mikojouijuut.
      Kiko and Miko arealreadyswimming.
  2. Emphasises the sentence.
    • 1936,N. A. Iljin and V. I. Junus,Bukvari iƶoroin șkouluja vart,Leningrad: Riikin Ucebno-pedagogiceskoi Izdateljstva, page64:
      Jonyt mahan lukkia.
      Now I can read.

References

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  • Ruben E. Nirvi (1971)Inkeroismurteiden Sanakirja,Helsinki: Suomalais-Ugrilainen Seura, page105

Italian

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Pronoun

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jo

  1. (obsolete)Alternative form ofio

Japanese

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Romanization

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jo

  1. Thehiraganasyllableじょ(jo)or thekatakanasyllableジョ(jo)inHepburnromanization.
  2. Thehiraganasyllableぢょ(jo)or thekatakanasyllableヂョ(jo)inHepburnromanization.

Karelian

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Regional variants ofjo
North Karelian
(Viena)
jo
South Karelian
(Tver)
jo

Etymology

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FromProto-Finnic*jo.Cognates includeFinnishjoandVepsjo.

Pronunciation

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  • IPA(key):/ˈjo/
  • Hyphenation:jo

Adverb

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jo

  1. already

Interjection

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jo

  1. (North Karelian)yes

Synonyms

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  • (yes):(North Karelian)kyllä,(South Karelian)da

References

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  • A. V. Punzhina (1994) “jo”,inСловарь карельского языка (тверские говоры)[Dictionary of the Karelian language (Tver dialects)],→ISBN
  • Pertti Virtaranta, Raija Koponen (2009) “jo”, in Marja Torikka, editor,Karjalan kielen sanakirja[2],Helsinki: Kotus,→ISSN
  • P. M. Zaykov et al. (2015)Venäjä-Viena Šanakirja[Russian-Viena Karelian Dictionary],→ISBN

Kashubian

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Etymology

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BorrowedfromGermanjo.CompareSlovincianjo(yes),Silesianja(yes),regionalPolishja(yes).

Pronunciation

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  • IPA(key):/ˈjɔ/
  • Rhymes:
  • Syllabification:jo

Particle

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jo

  1. yes
    Synonym:tak
    Jo,mògã to zrobic.Yes, I can do it.
    Jo,jô jem tam béł.Yes, I have been there.

Further reading

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  • jo”,inInternetowi Słowôrz Kaszëbsczégò Jãzëka[Internet Dictionary of the Kashubian Language], Fundacja Kaszuby,2022
  • Eùgeniusz Gòłąbk (2011) “tak”, inSłownik Polsko-Kaszubski / Słowôrz Pòlskò-Kaszëbsczi[3]

Konabéré

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Pronunciation

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Noun

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jo

  1. water

Alternative forms

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Further reading

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Lashi

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Pronunciation

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Verb

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jo

  1. tobe
  2. toexist

References

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  • Hkaw Luk (2017)A grammatical sketch of Lacid[4],Chiang Mai: Payap University (master thesis)

Latvian

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Pronunciation

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This entry needs anaudio pronunciation.If you are a native speaker with a microphone, pleaserecord this word.The recorded pronunciationwill appear herewhen it's ready.

Conjunction

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jo

  1. because
  2. for

Particle

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jo

  1. the...the...
    jovairāk naudas,jolabākthemore moneythebetter

Lithuanian

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Pronunciation

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Etymology 1

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Determiner

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jo

  1. his(3rd person singular masculine possessive)

Pronoun

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jom

  1. third-personsingulargenitiveofjis
  2. Alternative form ofjuo

Etymology 2

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FromMiddle High Germanja,possibly viaYiddishיאָ(yo).CompareLatvian.

Particle

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jo

  1. (colloquial)yeah
    Synonym:(standard term)taip
Usage notes
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  • Formerly considered obsolete, but seems to have been revived, possibly by influence ofEnglishyeah.
  • Usage discouraged by theVLKK.

References

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Livonian

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Alternative forms

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Etymology 1

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Perhaps borrowed fromLatvianjo(because, yet (more)),/juo/.

Pronunciation

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Preposition

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jo

  1. more;used with adjectives to formcomparatives

Etymology 2

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Perhaps borrowed fromLatvianjau(yet, already, after all).However, compare alsoFinnishjo(already),thus ultimately a common Finnic borrowing fromProto-Germanic*juthat has likely beencontaminatedby the more figurative senses of Latvianjau,with the latter ultimately a distant cognate of the initial Germanic borrowing.

Pronunciation

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Preposition

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jo

  1. yet,already,after all
    • Tiit-Rein Viitso, Valts Ernštreits (2012–2013),Līvõkīel-ēstikīel-lețkīel sõnārōntõz,Tartu, Rīga: TÜ, LVA
      mōnigļikizt, nejolǟbõd mōzõ
      bumblebees, they arealreadymigrating to their burrows (lit. "going inside of earth" )
      amādjoītist äb peļļõt
      not everyone makes the same [amount of money] (lit. "everyoneafter alldoesn't earn the same ")

Usage notes

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  • LĒLonly listsjowithout listing any instances ofjuo.Livonian-Latvian-Livoniandictionary, in turn, only listsjuofor the comparative forming preposition sense.
  • LĒL doesn't explicitly list the second sense that seems to exactly mirror Latvianjau(including the more figurative applications.) Such a function, however, is inferred from the many usage examples available in the dictionary. As a translation of Latvianjau(strictly in its temporal sense) LĒL listsjõbā(already),cf.Estonianjuba.

Lower Sorbian

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Pronunciation

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Particle

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jo

  1. yes(word used to show agreement or acceptance)

Verb

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jo

  1. third-personsingularpresentofbyś

Pronoun

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jo

  1. accusativeofwóno

Alternative forms

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  • njo(after preposition)

Further reading

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  • Muka, Arnošt(1921, 1928) “jo”,inSłownik dolnoserbskeje rěcy a jeje narěcow(in German), St. Petersburg, Prague:ОРЯС РАН,ČAVU;Reprinted Bautzen: Domowina-Verlag,2008
  • Starosta, Manfred (1999) “jo”,inDolnoserbsko-nimski słownik / Niedersorbisch-deutsches Wörterbuch(in German), Bautzen: Domowina-Verlag

Luxembourgish

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Pronunciation

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Adverb

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jo

  1. yes

See also

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Verb

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jo

  1. second-personsingularimperativeofjoen

Murui Huitoto

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Etymology

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Cognates includeMinica HuitotojoandNüpode Huitotojo.

Pronunciation

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  • IPA(key):[ˈhɔ]
  • Hyphenation:jo

Root

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jo

  1. house

Derived terms

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References

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  • Katarzyna Izabela Wojtylak (2017)A grammar of Murui (Bue): a Witotoan language of Northwest Amazonia.[5],Townsville: James Cook University press (PhD thesis), page127

North Frisian

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Etymology

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CompareWest Frisianhja.

Pronoun

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jo(Föhr-Amrum)

  1. third-person plural personal pronoun
    1. they(subject case)
    2. them,themselves(object case)

Alternative forms

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See also

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Northern Sami

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Etymology

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(Thisetymologyis missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at theEtymology scriptorium.)

Pronunciation

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Adverb

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jo

  1. already
  2. now

Further reading

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  • Koponen, Eino, Ruppel, Klaas, Aapala, Kirsti, editors (2002–2008),Álgu database: Etymological database of the Saami languages[6],Helsinki: Research Institute for the Languages of Finland

Norwegian Bokmål

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Pronunciation

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Etymology 1

[edit]

FromOld Norsejaur.

Adverb

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jo

  1. yes;in disagreement with the last speaker's negative statement.
    Du har ikke pusset tennene vel? -Jo,det har jeg.
    You haven't brushed your teeth, have you? -Yes,I have.
  2. yes or no; expressing doubt. (colloquial)
    Vil du være med? -Jo...
    Do you want to join? -I'm not sure...
Usage notes
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Jacan be interpreted as an agreement with the person replied to.Jois used instead ofjaif this agreement could cause ambiguity. In example 1, agreement with the person asking the question would be the opposite of a confirmation that one actually did brush the teeth. As suchjawould be ambiguous. The answerjoremoves the possibility of agreement with the speaker.

[edit]

Etymology 2

[edit]
NorwegianWikipediahas an article on:
Wikipediano

FromOld Norsegjóðr.

Noun

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jom(definite singularjoen,indefinite pluraljoer,definite pluraljoene)

  1. askua,seabird of familyStercorariidae.
Derived terms
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References

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Norwegian Nynorsk

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Etymology 1

[edit]

FromOld Norsejór,fromProto-Germanic*ehwaz.

Noun

[edit]

jom(definite singularjoen,indefinite pluraljoar,definite pluraljoane)

  1. ahorse(only used in given names)
[edit]

Male given names:

Female given names:

Etymology 2

[edit]
Norwegian NynorskWikipediahas an article on:
Wikipediann

FromOld Norsegjóðr.

Alternative forms

[edit]
  • gjod(alternative spelling)

Noun

[edit]

jom(definite singularjoen,indefinite pluraljoar,definite pluraljoane)

  1. askua,seabird of familyStercorariidae.
Derived terms
[edit]

Etymology 3

[edit]

FromNorwegian Bokmåljo,fromDanishjo.

Adverb

[edit]

jo

  1. Alternative form ofjau

Etymology 4

[edit]

CompareSwedishju.

Adverb

[edit]

jo

  1. Used to indicate an expectation of common understanding, or that what is said is an obvious fact – “as you well know,” “of course.”
    Synonym:no
    Han komjoaldri
    Buthe never camethough
    Ikkje rart at du fekk ølskummet over heile golvet. Ein skaljoikkje slå på ølboksen fyri ein opnar den!
    It’s not weird that you’ve got the beer foam all-over the floor. You shouldn’t punch the beer can before you open it,y’know!

References

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Occitan

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Pronunciation

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Etymology 1

[edit]

InheritedfromLate Latineo,fromClassical Latinegō̆.

Pronoun

[edit]

jo(Gascony)

  1. I

Etymology 2

[edit]

InheritedfromLatiniugum.

Noun

[edit]

jom

  1. yoke

Old French

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Pronoun

[edit]

jo

  1. (Old Northern French)Alternative form ofje

Old Frisian

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Pronoun

[edit]

  1. Alternative form of,accusative/dativeof

Inflection

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Plautdietsch

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Adverb

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jo

  1. yes

Polabian

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Alternative forms

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Etymology

[edit]

InheritedfromProto-Slavic*(j)azъ.

Pronoun

[edit]

jo

  1. first-person pronoun;I

References

[edit]
  • The templateTemplate:R:pox:SejDpdoes not use the parameter(s):
    3=2
    Please seeModule:checkparamsfor help with this warning.
    Polański, Kazimierz(1971) “jo”,inSłownik etymologiczny języka Drzewian połabskich[Etymological Dictionary of the Polabian Drevani Language] (in Polish), number 2 (ďüzd – ľotü), Wrocław, Warszawa etc.: Ossolineum, page225
  • Polański, Kazimierz,James Allen Sehnert (1967) “jo”, inPolabian-English Dictionary,The Hague, Paris: Mouton & Co, page75
  • Olesch, Reinhold(1962) “Je”,inThesaurus Linguae Dravaenopolabicae[Thesaurus of the Drevani language] (in German), volumes1: A – O,Cologne, Vienna: Böhlau Verlag,→ISBN,page374

Polish

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Pronunciation

[edit]
  • Rhymes:
  • Syllabification:jo

Etymology 1

[edit]

InheritedfromProto-Slavic*(j)azъ.

Pronoun

[edit]

jo

  1. (dialectal)Alternative form ofja(I)

Etymology 2

[edit]

BorrowedfromGermanjo.

Particle

[edit]

jo

  1. (colloquialordialectal,Chełmno-Dobrzyń)yeah,yep
    Synonyms:tak,ano,no,hej
    Antonym:nie

Further reading

[edit]
  • join Polish dictionaries at PWN
  • Antoni Krasnowolski (1879) “jo”,inAlbum uczącéj się młodzieży polskiéj poświęcone Józefowi Ignacemu Kraszewskiemu z powodu jubileuszu jego pięćdziesięcioletniéj działalności literackiéj(in Polish), Lviv: Czytelni Akademickiéj Lwowskiéj; "Gaz. Narod." J. Dobrzańskiego i K. Gromana, Słowniczek prowincjalizmów zebranych w ziemi chełmińskiej i świeckiej, page303

Saterland Frisian

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Etymology

[edit]

FromOld Frisianhiā.Cognates includeWest FrisianhjaandNorth Frisianjo.

Pronunciation

[edit]

Pronoun

[edit]

jo(obliquehier)

  1. they

See also

[edit]

References

[edit]
  • Marron C. Fort (2015) “jo”,inSaterfriesisches Wörterbuch mit einer phonologischen und grammatischen Übersicht,Buske,→ISBN

Slovincian

[edit]

Pronunciation

[edit]
  • IPA(key):/ˈjɔ/
  • Rhymes:
  • Syllabification:jo

Etymology 1

[edit]

InheritedfromProto-Slavic*(j)azъ.

Pronoun

[edit]

jo

  1. I(first-person pronoun)

Etymology 2

[edit]

BorrowedfromGermanja(yes;yes!).CompareKashubianjo(yes),Silesianja(yes),regionalPolishja(yes).

Particle

[edit]

jo

  1. yes

References

[edit]

Spanish

[edit]

Pronunciation

[edit]
  • IPA(key):/ˈxo/[ˈxo]
  • Rhymes:-o
  • Syllabification:jo

Etymology 1

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Interjection

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¡jo!

  1. stop,whoa(especially whencommandingahorseor imitative thereof)
Derived terms
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Etymology 2

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Euphemisticclippingofjoder(fuck).

Interjection

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¡jo!

  1. (euphemistic)Used to expresssurprise,amazement,orconfusion
    ¡Jo!I never heard anything like that before. / Are you serious? / Boy!

Further reading

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Swahili

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Etymology

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Possibly fromEnglishyo.

Pronunciation

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Interjection

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jo

  1. (Sheng)added foremphasisto the end of a sentence
    Manze jo!Oh man!

Swedish

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Etymology

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FromOld Swedish,fromOld Norsejaur.

Pronunciation

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Interjection

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jo

  1. yes;used as a disagreement to a negative statement or a negatively phrased question.
    Du har inte borstat tänderna, eller hur? -Jo,det har jag.
    You haven't brushed your teeth, have you? -Yes,I have.
  2. yes(more generally, in a similar vein tojodå– see its usage notes)
    – Är det du som är han? –Jo,det är jag.
    – Are you that guy? –Yep,that's me.
    1. yeah
      Ah,jo,det stämmer nog när jag tänker efter
      Ah,yeah,that's probably correct when I think about it
  3. (with an excited, rising tone)Expresses having an insight;oh
    Jo(ooo)!Nu kom jag på hur man löser pusslet.
    O(ooo)h!I figured out how to solve the puzzle now.
  4. A filler, at the start of an utterance (to get someone's attention);listen,so,hey,etc. (compare "yeah" )
    Jo,det är så att det är en grej som jag måste berätta för er
    So,there is something that I have to tell you ( "So, it is such that there is a thing that I have to tell you," with some common stalling wording)

Usage notes

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Ja(yes)can be interpreted as an agreement with the person replied to.Jois used instead ofjaif this agreement could cause ambiguity. In the example above agreement with the person asking the question would be the opposite of a confirmation that one actually did brush the teeth. As suchjawould be ambiguous. The answerjoremoves the possibility of agreement with the speaker. In Swedish dialects spoken in northern Sweden and Finland, it is however not uncommon for the wordjoto be used in place ofjain all cases, at least in spoken language.

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References

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Anagrams

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Veps

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Etymology

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FromProto-Finnic*jo.

Adverb

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jo

  1. already

References

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  • Zajceva, N. G., Mullonen, M. I. (2007) “уж,уже”,inUz’ venä-vepsläine vajehnik / Novyj russko-vepsskij slovarʹ[New Russian–Veps Dictionary]‎[9],Petrozavodsk: Periodika

Votic

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Etymology

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FromProto-Finnic*jo.

Pronunciation

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  • (Luutsa, Liivtšülä)IPA(key):/ˈjo/,[ˈʝo]
  • Rhymes:-o
  • Hyphenation:jo

Adverb

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jo

  1. already
  2. (with negative)any more

Particle

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jo

  1. An emphatic intensifying particle.

References

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  • Hallap, V., Adler, E., Grünberg, S., Leppik, M. (2012) “jo”,inVadja keele sõnaraamat[A dictionary of the Votic language], 2nd edition, Tallinn

West Frisian

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Pronunciation

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Etymology 1

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FromOld Frisian,fromProto-West Germanic*iwwiz,fromProto-Germanic*izwiz,dative/accusative of*jūz,fromProto-Indo-European*yū́.

Pronoun

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jo

  1. you(second person singular nominative formal pronoun)
Usage notes
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Though it is a singular pronoun,jotakes the plural conjugation of verbs.

Inflection
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Further reading

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  • jo”,inWurdboek fan de Fryske taal(in Dutch),2011

Etymology 2

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(Thisetymologyis missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at theEtymology scriptorium.)

Determiner

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jo

  1. your(second-person singular formal possessive determiner)
Further reading
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  • jo”,inWurdboek fan de Fryske taal(in Dutch),2011

Ye'kwana

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Pronunciation

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Postposition

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jo

  1. (with following directional suffix-nno)indicates a point of origin

Usage notes

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This postposition also infrequently occurs without-nno,in which case it is not clear whether it inflects at all and its meaning is difficult to determine.

References

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  • Cáceres, Natalia (2011)Grammaire Fonctionnelle-Typologique du Ye’kwana[10],Lyon, pages277–278

Yoruba

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Etymology 1

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Proposed to be derived fromProto-Yoruboid*jó,compare withIgala

Pronunciation

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Verb

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  1. (intransitive)todance
Derived terms
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Etymology 2

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Possibly fromProto-Yoruboid*jó,cognate withIgala

Pronunciation

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Verb

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  1. (ergative)toburn
  2. (transitive)tosting;toirritate

Etymology 3

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Pronunciation

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Verb

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  1. todrip
Derived terms
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