kapal

See also:kapál,kapał,andkąpał

English

Noun

kapal(pluralkapals)

1. Alternative form ofkappal(“ship”)

Ambonese Malay

Etymology

FromMalaykapal,fromTamilகப்பல்(kappal,“ship, sailing vessel”).

Noun

kapal

1. ship(large water vessel)

Balinese

Romanization

kapal

1. Romanization ofᬓᬧᬮ᭄

Cebuano

Pronunciation

• Hyphenation:ka‧pal

Noun

kapal

1. theyellow-tailed sergeant major(Abudefduf notatus)

Czech

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key):[ˈkapal]

Participle

kapal

1. masculinesingularpastactiveparticipleofkapat

Indonesian

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key):/ka.pal/
• Rhymes:-apal,-pal,-al
• Hyphenation:ka‧pal

Etymology 1

FromMalaykapal(“ship”),fromClassical Malaykapal(“decked ship”),fromTamilகப்பல்(kappal,“ship, sailing vessel”).In the third sense, a mistranslation ofEnglishship(“relationship”),fromrelation+-ship(etymologically unrelated to the nounship).

Noun

kapal(first-person possessivekapalku,second-person possessivekapalmu,third-person possessivekapalnya)

1. ship:
   1. (literal)A water-borne vessel generally larger than a boat.
   2. (chiefly in combination)A vessel which travels through any medium other than across land, such as anairshiporspaceship.
   3. (slang,fandomslang)A fictional romantic relationship between two characters, either real or themselves fictional, especially one explored in fan fiction.

Derived terms

• kapal api
• kapal barang
• kapal feri
• kapal haji
• kapal kargo
• kapal laut
• kapal motor
• kapal pemburu
• kapal penyeberangan
• kapal penyusur
• kapal perintis
• kapal perusak
• kapal pesiar
• kapal pukat
• kapal selam
• kapal tangki
• kapal tanker
• kapal terbang
• kapal udara

Etymology 2

FromMalaykapal(“thickening skin”),fromProto-Malayo-Polynesian*kapal(“thick, as a plank”).Compare toTagalogkapal(“thick”).

Noun

kapal(first-person possessivekapalku,second-person possessivekapalmu,third-person possessivekapalnya)

1. thickeningskin;lichenification

Derived terms

• kapalan

Further reading

• “kapal”inKamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia,Jakarta:Agency for Language Development and Cultivation–Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of the Republic of Indonesia,2016.
• kapalon the Indonesian Wikipedia.Wikipedia^id

Javanese

Romanization

kapal

1. Romanization ofꦏꦥꦭ꧀

Mag-Anchi Ayta

Etymology

Borrowed fromTagalogkapal.

Adjective

kapal

1. thick

References

• Greenhill, S.J., Blust. R, & Gray, R.D. (2008).The Austronesian Basic Vocabulary Database: From Bioinformatics to Lexomics.Evolutionary Bioinformatics,4:271-283.

Maguindanao

Noun

kapal

1. ship

Malay

Etymology

FromTamilகப்பல்(kappal,“ship, sailing vessel”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key):/kapal/
• Rhymes:-apal,-pal,-al

Noun

kapal(Jawi spellingکاڤل,pluralkapal-kapal,informal 1st possessivekapalku,2nd possessivekapalmu,3rd possessivekapalnya)

1. ship(large water vessel)

Descendants

• Ambonese Malay:kapal
• Indonesian:kapal
  • →Balinese:ᬓᬧᬮ᭄(kapal)
• →Alor:kapal
• →Balinese:ᬓᬧᬮ᭄(kapal)
• →Buginese:ᨀᨄᨒ(kappala')
• →Chinese:Giáp bản(jiǎbǎn)
• →English:kappal,capel,kapal
• →Javanese:ꦏꦥꦭ꧀(kapal)
• →Khmer:កប៉ាល់(kaʼpal)
• →Maguindanao:kapal
• →Maranao:kapal
• →Sundanese:ᮊᮕᮜ᮪(kapal)
• →Tboli:kafal
• →Tausug:kappal
• →Thai:กำปั่น(gam-bpàn)
  • →Lao:ກຳປັ່ນ(kam pan)
  • →Khmer:កងព័ន្ធ(kɑɑngpŏənthɔɔ)(possibly)

Further reading

• “kapal”inPusat Rujukan Persuratan Melayu | Malay Literary Reference Centre,Kuala Lumpur:Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka,2017.

Maranao

Etymology

BorrowedfromMalaykapal

Noun

kapal

1. ship

   Synonyms:bapor,barko,mospil

2. boat

   Synonym:biday

3. vessel

References

• A Maranao Dictionary,by Howard P. McKaughan and Batua A. Macaraya

Tagalog

Alternative forms

• capal—obsolete,Spanish-based orthography

Etymology 1

From WesternProto-Malayo-Polynesian*kapalorProto-Austronesian*kaS(ə)pal.CompareIndonesiankapalandMalaykapal.

Noun

kapál(Baybayin spellingᜃᜉᜎ᜔)

1. thickness
2. multitude;numerousness

   Synonyms:dami,tambak,sagana,damulas,katerba

3. (colloquial,derogatory)Ellipsisofkapal ng mukha.

   Angkapaltalaga ng hayop na yun!

   Theshamelessnessof that animal!

Derived terms

• kakapalan
• kapal ng mukha
• kapalan
• kumapal
• magpakapal
• makapal
• pagkapal
• pakapalin
• pampakapal

Etymology 2

Unknown. Possibly related to etymology 1 or an apocope fromMalaykepala(“head, source (metaphorical)”),fromSanskritकपाल(kapāla,“head”).

Noun

kapál(Baybayin spellingᜃᜉᜎ᜔)

1. figure;creation

   Synonyms:likha,lalang,gawa

2. cakeout ofbread;tart

   Synonym:keyk

   kapalna tinapay―cakeof bread

3. lumpmade ofwax

   kapalna pagkit―lumpof wax

Derived terms

• ikapal
• ipakapal
• kapalin
• kumapal
• Maykapal

Further reading

• “kapal”atKWF Diksiyonaryo ng Wikang Filipino‎^[1],Komisyon sa Wikang Filipino,2021
• “kapal”,inPambansang Diksiyonaryo | Diksiyonaryo.ph,Manila,2018
• Noceda, Fr. Juan José de, Sanlucar, Fr. Pedro de (1860)Vocabulario de la lengua tagala, compuesto por varios religiosos doctos y graves‎^[2](in Spanish), Manila: Ramirez y Giraudier
• Blust, Robert; Trussel, Stephen; et al. (2023) “*kapal”,in the CLDF dataset fromThe Austronesian Comparative Dictionary(2010–),→DOI
• Blust, Robert; Trussel, Stephen; et al. (2023) “*kaS(e)pal”,in the CLDF dataset fromThe Austronesian Comparative Dictionary(2010–),→DOI

Anagrams

• kalap,pakla,plaka