lar

See also:Appendix:Variations of "lar"

English

Etymology 1

Borrowed fromLatinlār(“ancestraldeityorspirit”)fromEtruscan.

Pronunciation

• (Received Pronunciation)IPA^(key):/lɑː/

  • Audio(Southern England):

    (file)

• (US)IPA^(key):/lɑɹ/
• Rhymes:-ɑː(ɹ)

Noun

lar(plurallarsorlares)

1. (Romanmythology,chiefly in theplural)singularoflares:ahousehold god,particularlyoverseeingthefamilyitself.
   • 1974,Guy Davenport,Tatlin!:

     Would the great emperor’slar,free of its soldierly body rheumatic from German mists and browned and grizzled by the Indus sun, haunt that pinedark road to Elefsis to taste again the essences on which it fed and gather with voluptuous fingers the ghosts of roses?

2. Thelar gibbon.

Usage notes

The gibbon is pluralized aslars.The Latin household gods usually appear as theplurale tantumLares,following its Latin plural form and capitalized to denote a particular group of lares; the alternative formsLars,lares,andlarssometimes appear.

Etymology 2

FromLatin[Term?].

Alternative forms

• lars

Noun

lar

1. (historical)AnEtruscantitle,properly peculiar to theeldestson,but often mistaken for an integral part of the name.

References

• Chambers 1908.

Anagrams

• ALR,LRA

Albanian

Etymology

Borrowed throughVulgar LatinfromLatinlaurus.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key):/laɾ/

Noun

larm(plurallarë,definitelari,definite plurallarët)

1. (botany)laurel(Laurus nobilis)

Declension

Declension oflar

	singular		plural
	indefinite	definite	indefinite	definite
nominative	lar	lari	larë	larët
accusative		larin
dative	lari	larit	larëve	larëve
ablative			larësh

Synonyms

• dafinë

Derived terms

• larëz,larth,larushkë

Bavarian

Alternative forms

• laar,laa

Etymology

FromOld High Germanlāri,fromProto-West Germanic*lāʀi,fromProto-Germanic*lēziz.Cognate withGermanleer,Dutchlaar,Englishleer.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key):/ˈlɑː/

Adjective

lar

1. empty

Galician

Traditionallarorlareira

Etymology 1

FromLatinlarem(“guardian spirit; home”),fromEtruscan.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key):/ˈlaɾ/

Noun

larm(plurallares)

1. home(place or building where one dwells)

   Miña casiña meular.

   My house, myhome.

2. fireside
3. hearth
   • 1485,Antonio López Ferreiro, editor,Galicia Histórica. Colección diplomática,Santiago: Tipografía Galaica, page286:

     iten vnna caldeyra de trager agoa, iten hua caldeyra de sobre dolar,iten dous caldeyros de mao

     item, a bucket for carrying water; item a cauldron for hanging over thehearth;item two hand cauldrons

4. ahouseholdor ancestralgodin ancient Rome

Synonyms

• (home):casa,fogar
• (fireside):lareira
• (hearth):ástrago,larega,sollo

Derived terms

• larada
• lareira(“fireplace”)
• larengo(“piglet”)
• lariño(“nest”)(snug residence)

Etymology 2

Perhaps fromSuevicor borrowed fromOld Norseleir(“clay, mud”),fromProto-Germanic*laiza-(“clay”),probably fromProto-Indo-European*h₂leyH-(“to smear”).

Noun

larm(plurallares)

1. clay

   Synonyms:arxila,xiz,toba,sarso,xarzo,greda

References

• Ernesto Xosé González Seoane,María Álvarez de la Granja,Ana Isabel Boullón Agrelo(2006–2022) “lar”,inDicionario de Dicionarios do galego medieval(in Galician), Santiago de Compostela:Instituto da Lingua Galega
• Antón Luís Santamarina Fernández,editor (2006–2013), “lar”,inDicionario de Dicionarios da lingua galega[Dictionary of Dictionaries of the Galician language] (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela:Instituto da Lingua Galega
• Antón Luís Santamarina Fernández,Ernesto Xosé González Seoane,María Álvarez de la Granja,editors (2003–2018), “lar”,inTesouro informatizado da lingua galega(in Galician), Santiago de Compostela:Instituto da Lingua Galega
• Rosario Álvarez Blanco,editor (2014–2024), “lar”,inTesouro do léxico patrimonial galego e portugués(in Galician), Santiago de Compostela:Instituto da Lingua Galega,→ISSN

Latin

Alternative forms

• lars

Etymology

Probably fromEtruscan𐌋𐌀𐌓(lar),𐌋𐌀𐌓𐌔(lars),or𐌋𐌀𐌓𐌈(larθ,“lord”),though it could possibly be fromProto-Indo-European*las-(“eager”),cognate withlascivus.

Pronunciation

• (Classical Latin)IPA^(key):/laːr/,[ɫ̪äːr]
• (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical)IPA^(key):/lar/,[lär]

Noun

lārm(genitivelaris);third declension

1. the protective spirit of a place, particularly a household
2. home,household

Declension

Third-declensionnoun.

Case	Singular	Plural
Nominative	lār	larēs
Genitive	laris	larum
Dative	larī	laribus
Accusative	larem	larēs
Ablative	lare	laribus
Vocative	lār	larēs

Related terms

• Larēs

Descendants

• Italian:lare
• Asturian:llar
• Catalan:llar
• English:lar
• Galician:lar
• Portuguese:lar
• Spanish:lar,llar

References

• “Lar”,inCharlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879)A Latin Dictionary,Oxford: Clarendon Press
• “lar”,inHarry Thurston Peck, editor (1898),Harper's Dictionary of Classical Antiquities,New York: Harper & Brothers
• “lar”,inWilliam Smith, editor (1848),A Dictionary of Greek and Roman Biography and Mythology,London: John Murray
• De Vaan, Michiel(2008)Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages(Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7)‎^[1],Leiden, Boston: Brill,→ISBN

Middle English

Noun

lar

1. Alternative form oflore

Norwegian Bokmål

Verb

lar

1. presenttenseofla

Norwegian Nynorsk

Verb

lar

1. presenttenseofla

Old English

Etymology

FromProto-West Germanic*laiʀu,fromProto-Germanic*laizō,from*laizijaną(“to teach”).Cognate withOld Saxonlēra,Dutchleer,Old High Germanlēra(GermanLehre).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key):/lɑːr/

Noun

lārf(nominative plurallāre)

1. teaching,learning,education
   • late 10th century,Ælfric,"Passion of Saint Sebastian, Martyr"

     Sebastianus hatte sum halig godes ðegn se wæs lange onlareon mediolana byrig and wearð on criste gefullod mid fullum geleafan.

     There was a holy servant of God, called Sebastian, who was a long time in the city of Milan foreducation,and was baptized into Christ with full faith.

2. lesson
3. teaching
4. doctrine
   • late 10th century,Ælfric,"Saint George, Martyr"

     Nāst þū lā Geori þæt ūre godas swincað mid þē and ġit hī synd ġeþyldiġe þæt hī þe miltsion. Nū lǣre ic ðē swā swā lēofne sunu þæt ðū þæra cristenralāreforlǣte mid ealle and tō mīnum rǣde hraðe ġebūge swā þæt ðū offriġe þām ārwurðan Appoline and þū mycelne wurðmynt miht swā beġitan.

     Knowest thou not, O George, that our gods are striving with thee, and even yet they are patient, that they may pity thee; now I exhort thee, as a beloved son, that thou altogether quit the Christians'doctrine,and quickly incline to my counsel, so that thou sacrifice to the venerable Apollo, and thou mayest so obtain great honour.'

5. advice,counsel
6. school
   • late 10th century,Ælfric,"Saint Eugenia, Virgin"

     Ða befæste se fæder philippus tolareþæt heo on woruld-wysdome wǣre getogen æfter greciscre uðwytegunge and lǣdenre getingnysse.

     Then her father Philip put her toschoolthat she might be educated in worldly wisdom according to the Greek philosophy and Latin eloquence.

Declension

Declension oflār(strong ō-stem)

Case	Singular	Plural
nominative	lār	lāra,lāre
accusative	lāre	lāra,lāre
genitive	lāre	lāra
dative	lāre	lārum

Derived terms

• bōclār
• mislār

Related terms

• lǣran
• lǣring
• lǣrestre
• lǣringmǣden
• lǣringmann

Descendants

• Middle English:lore,lar,lare,layre,lere,leyre,loore,lære,leore,loare(Early Middle English)
  • English:lore
    • →Russian:лор(lor)
    • →Ukrainian:лор(lor)
  • Scots:lare,lair

Polish

larsense 1

larsense 2

Etymology

Learned borrowingfromLatinlār.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key):/ˈlar/

• Audio:

  (file)

• Rhymes:-ar
• Syllabification:lar
• Homophone:Lar

Noun

larmanimal

2. (Romanmythology,chiefly in theplural)lar(household god, particularly overseeing the family itself)
4. lar,lar gibbon,common gibbon,white-handed gibbon(Hylobates lar)

   Synonym:gibon białoręki

Declension

Declension oflar

	singular	plural
nominative	lar	lary
genitive	lara	larów
dative	larowi	larom
accusative	lara	lary
instrumental	larem	larami
locative	larze	larach
vocative	larze	lary

Further reading

• larin Polish dictionaries at PWN
• larin PWN's encyclopedia

Portuguese

Etymology

BorrowedfromLatinlarem(“guardian spirit”),likely fromEtruscan𐌋𐌀𐌓(lar),𐌋𐌀𐌓𐌔(lars),or𐌋𐌀𐌓𐌈(larθ,“lord”).

Pronunciation

• (Brazil)IPA^(key):/ˈlaʁ/[ˈlah]

• (Brazil)IPA^(key):/ˈlaʁ/[ˈlah]
  • (São Paulo)IPA^(key):/ˈlaɾ/
  • (Rio de Janeiro)IPA^(key):/ˈlaʁ/[ˈlaχ]
  • (Southern Brazil)IPA^(key):/ˈlaɻ/

• (Portugal)IPA^(key):/ˈlaɾ/

• (Portugal)IPA^(key):/ˈlaɾ/
  • (Southern Portugal)IPA^(key):/ˈla.ɾi/

• (Caipira Brazil)IPA^(key):/laɹ/
• Rhymes:-aɾ
• Hyphenation:lar

Noun

larm(plurallares)

1. (endearing)home(place or building where one dwells)

   Synonym:casa

   Não há lugar como o nossolar.

   There is no place likehome.

2. hearth(place in a home for lighting fires)

   Synonym:lareira

3. the surface of a bakingoven

Usage notes

Laris not as used as loosely as Englishhome.Laris used to express affection to one’s abode; in other contexts,casais used instead.

Derived terms

• do lar
• lar, doce lar
• lareira

Spanish

Etymology

FromLatinlārem,in its current form most likely a learned borrowing.A popular or inherited form also existed, referring to the irons in a hearth on which vats were hung to heat water or make stews. The word may ultimately be ofEtruscanorigin.Doubletofllar.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key):/ˈlaɾ/[ˈlaɾ]
• Rhymes:-aɾ
• Syllabification:lar

Noun

larm(plurallares)

1. hearth

   Synonym:hogar

See also

• casaf

Further reading

• “lar”,inDiccionario de la lengua española,Vigésima tercera edición,Real Academia Española,2014