lever
English
[edit]Pronunciation
[edit]- (Received Pronunciation)IPA(key):/ˈliː.və/,[1]
Audio(Received Pronunciation): (file) - Hyphenation:le‧ver
- (General American)IPA(key):/ˈlɛv.ɚ/,/ˈliː.vɚ/,[2][3]
Audio(General American): (file) - Hyphenation:lev‧er,le‧ver
- (Canada)IPA(key):/ˈliː.vɚ/
- Rhymes:-iːvə(ɹ),-ɛvə(ɹ)
- Homophones:leaver,Lever
Etymology 1
[edit]FromMiddle Englishlever,levore,levour,fromOld Frenchleveor,leveur(“a lifter, lever (alsoOld FrenchandFrenchlevier)”),fromLatinlevātor(“a lifter”),fromlevō(“to raise”).Doubletoflevator.
Noun
[edit]lever(plurallevers)
- (mechanics)Arigidpiece which is capable ofturningabout one point, oraxis(thefulcrum), and in which are two or more other points where forces are applied; — used for transmitting and modifying force and motion.
- Specifically, abarof metal, wood or other rigid substance, used to exert a pressure, or sustain a weight, at one point of its length, by receiving a force or power at a second, and turning at a third on a fixed point called a fulcrum. It is usually named as the first of the six mechanical powers, and is of three kinds, according as either the fulcrum F, the weight W, or the power P, respectively, is situated between the other two, as in the figures.
- 1952September, “Modernised Pull-and-Push Trains”, inRailway Magazine,page617:
- Retractable steps and handrails are provided on each side of the cars. The steps, which are under the control of the guard, are operated by handleversin the entrance vestibule.
- Specifically, abarof metal, wood or other rigid substance, used to exert a pressure, or sustain a weight, at one point of its length, by receiving a force or power at a second, and turning at a third on a fixed point called a fulcrum. It is usually named as the first of the six mechanical powers, and is of three kinds, according as either the fulcrum F, the weight W, or the power P, respectively, is situated between the other two, as in the figures.
- A small such piece totriggerorcontrola mechanical device (like aswitchor abutton).
- (mechanics)Abar,as acapstan bar,applied to a rotatory piece to turn it.
- 2012March,Henry Petroski,“Opening Doors”, inAmerican Scientist[1],volume100,number 2, pages112–3:
- A doorknob of whatever roundish shape is effectively a continuum oflevers,with the axis of the latching mechanism—known as the spindle—being the fulcrum about which the turning takes place.
- (mechanics)Anarmon arock shaft,to give motion to the shaft or to obtain motion from it.
- (obsolete,except in generalized senses below)Acrowbar.
- 1613,John Marston,William Barksted,The Insatiate Countess,IV.1:
- My lord, I brained him with alevermy neighbour lent me, and he stood by and cried, ‘Strike home, old boy!’
Derived terms
[edit]Related terms
[edit]Translations
[edit]
|
|
- The translations below need to be checked and inserted above into the appropriate translation tables. See instructions atWiktionary:Entry layout § Translations.
Verb
[edit]lever(third-person singular simple presentlevers,present participlelevering,simple past and past participlelevered)
- (transitive)Tomovewith alever.
- With great effort and a big crowbar I managed toleverthe beam off the floor.
- 1938April,George Orwell[pseudonym; Eric Arthur Blair], chapter VII, inHomage to Catalonia,London:Secker & Warburg,→OCLC:
- Someone found a pick andlevereda burst plank out of the floor, and in a few minutes we had got a fire alight and our drenched clothes were steaming.
- (figuratively,transitive)Touse,operateormove(something) like alever(physically).
- 1961,V. S. Naipaul,A House for Mr Biswas,Vintage International, published2001,Part Two, Chapter 1:
- Suddenly he hadleveredhimself up from the sofa, rocking the lame man violently, and was walking towards the receptionist.
- 2023October 12, HarryBlank, “Fire in the Hole”, inSCP Foundation[2],archived fromthe originalon22 May 2024:
- The guard at the door coughed up blood, and died instantly. Fina was carrying an empty rifle with a sharpened bayonet, and she'd thrust it straight up through his neck, severing the spinal cord. Sheleveredhim off the front stoop and into the bushes, then stood up on the tips of her toes to peer through the window in the door.
- (figuratively,transitive)Touse(something) like alever(in an abstract sense).
- 2001April 9,Joshua Cooper Ramo,“Bagging the Butcher”,inTime:
- He was a man wholeveredhis way from small-time communist hack to political power by tapping into the most potent vein of historical juice in the Balkans: nationalism.
- 2013December 8,Robert McCrum,“Biographies of the year — review”,inThe Guardian:
- Credited with pioneering the detective novel, Collins has attracted many biographers over the years, drawn to his extraordinary life and work in the hope ofleveringopen a new understanding of the Victorian psyche.
- (chieflyUK,finance)Toincreasetheshareofdebtin thecapitalizationof a business.
- 1989June 26, “Corporate America wants its privacy”, inMinneapolis Star-Tribune:
- "The equity holders want you to 'leverup,' use as much debt as you can, "said David Stanley, chairman of Kansas City-based Payless Cashways,
Derived terms
[edit]Translations
[edit]
|
Etymology 2
[edit]FromMiddle Englishlever,comparative ofleve,leef(“dear, beloved, lief”),equivalent tolief+-er.Related toGermanlieber(“rather”).
Alternative forms
[edit]Adverb
[edit]lever(notcomparable)
- (obsolete)Rather.
- [1531,William Tyndale,transl.],The prophete Ionas[…],[Antwerp:Merten de Keyser],chapter iiij:[3]:
- Now therfore take my life from me / for I hadleuerdye then liue.
- [1545?],John Heywood,The Playe Called The Foure PP[…],London:[…]Wyllyam Myddylton,→OCLC;reprinted as John S. Farmer, editor,The Play Called The Four PP[…](The Tudor Facsimile Texts), London; Edinburgh:[…]T. C. & E. C. Jack,[…],1908,→OCLC,signature [E.ii.], verso:
- The wolde ſome mayſter perhappes clowt ye / But as for me ye nede nat doute ye / For I hadleuerbe without ye / Then haue ſuche beſyneſſe aboute ye.
- 1571,John Calvin,“Iohn Calvin to the Godly Readers Sendeth Greeting”,inArthur Golding,transl.,The Psalmes of Dauid and Others.With M.Iohn Caluin’s Commentaries,London:[…]Thomas Eastand Henry Middelton; for Lucas Harison, and G[e]orge Byshop,→OCLC,1st part:
- For although they were worthy of any puniſhment: yit had Ileuerthey might haue flooriſhed in welfare and ſafetie:[…]
- 1590,Edmund Spenser,“Book I, Canto IX”, inThe Faerie Queene.[…],London:[…][John Wolfe] forWilliam Ponsonbie,→OCLC,page128:
- Forleuerhad I die, then ſee his deadly face.
Translations
[edit]Etymology 3
[edit]Noun
[edit]lever(plurallevers)
- (rare)Alevee.
- 1742,Miss Robinson,Mrs. Delany's Letters,II.191:
- We do not appear at Phœbus'sLevér.
- 2011September 21, Tim Blanning, “The reinvention of the night”, inTimes Literary Supplement:
- Louis XIV’s day began with aleverat 9 and ended (officially) at around midnight.
Further reading
[edit]- “lever”,inWebster’s Revised Unabridged Dictionary,Springfield, Mass.:G. & C. Merriam,1913,→OCLC.
- “lever”,inThe Century Dictionary[…],New York, N.Y.:The Century Co.,1911,→OCLC.
References
[edit]- ^“lever”,inLexico,Dictionary.com;Oxford University Press,2019–2022.
- ^“lever”,inMerriam-Webster Online Dictionary,Springfield, Mass.:Merriam-Webster,1996–present.
- ^“lever”,inThe American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language,5th edition, Boston, Mass.:Houghton Mifflin Harcourt,2016,→ISBN.
Anagrams
[edit]Danish
[edit]Etymology 1
[edit]FromOld Danishliuær,fromOld Norselifr,fromProto-Germanic*librō,cognate withEnglishliverandGermanLeber.The Germanic word may be an irregular remodelling of the Proto-Indo-European word for "liver",*yókʷr̥,cf.Ancient Greekἧπαρ(hêpar)andLatiniecur.
Pronunciation
[edit]Noun
[edit]leverc(singular definiteleveren,plural indefinitelevere)
Inflection
[edit]Etymology 2
[edit]See the etymology of the correspondinglemmaform.
Pronunciation
[edit]Verb
[edit]lever
Etymology 3
[edit]See the etymology of the correspondinglemmaform.
Pronunciation
[edit]Verb
[edit]leverorlevér
Dutch
[edit]Pronunciation
[edit]Etymology 1
[edit]FromMiddle Dutchlēvere,fromOld Dutch*levara,fromProto-West Germanic*libru,fromProto-Germanic*librō.
Noun
[edit]leverf(plurallevers,diminutivelevertjen)
Derived terms
[edit]Descendants
[edit]- Afrikaans:lewer
- Berbice Creole Dutch:lefre
- Negerhollands:leber
- →Aukan:lebii
- →Indonesian:lever
- →Saramaccan:lebèn
- →Sranan Tongo:lefre
- →Caribbean Javanese:léfer
Etymology 2
[edit]See the etymology of the correspondinglemmaform.
Verb
[edit]lever
- inflection ofleveren:
French
[edit]Etymology
[edit]InheritedfromMiddle Frenchlever,fromOld Frenchlever,fromLatinlevāre(“to elevate”),fromlevis(“light, not heavy”).
Pronunciation
[edit]Verb
[edit]lever
- (transitive)toraise,lift
- Antonym:baisser
- (reflexive)torise,standup
- Antonym:s’abaisser
- (reflexive,of celestial bodies)torise,comeup
- Antonym:secoucher
- Le Soleilse lèveà l’est et se couche à l’ouest.―The Sunrisesin the East and sets in the West.
- (reflexive)toget up(out of bed)
- Antonyms:se coucher,s’allonger
- Jeme lève,je me lave.―Iget up,I wash.
- (reflexive,of fog, rain,etc.)toclear,lift
Conjugation
[edit]This verb is conjugated likeparler,except the-e-/ə/of the second-to-last syllable becomes-è-/ɛ/when the next vowel is a silent or schwa-e-,as in the third-person singular present indicativeil lèveand the third-person singular future indicativeil lèvera.
infinitive | simple | lever | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
compound | avoir+ past participle | ||||||
present participleorgerund1 | simple | levant /lə.vɑ̃/ | |||||
compound | ayant+ past participle | ||||||
past participle | levé /lə.ve/ | ||||||
singular | plural | ||||||
first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
indicative | je (j’) | tu | il, elle, on | nous | vous | ils, elles | |
(simple tenses) |
present | lève /lɛv/ |
lèves /lɛv/ |
lève /lɛv/ |
levons /lə.vɔ̃/ |
levez /lə.ve/ |
lèvent /lɛv/ |
imperfect | levais /lə.vɛ/ |
levais /lə.vɛ/ |
levait /lə.vɛ/ |
levions /lə.vjɔ̃/ |
leviez /lə.vje/ |
levaient /lə.vɛ/ | |
past historic2 | levai /lə.ve/ |
levas /lə.va/ |
leva /lə.va/ |
levâmes /lə.vam/ |
levâtes /lə.vat/ |
levèrent /lə.vɛʁ/ | |
future | lèverai /lɛ.vʁe/or/le.vʁe/ |
lèveras /lɛ.vʁa/or/le.vʁa/ |
lèvera /lɛ.vʁa/or/le.vʁa/ |
lèverons /lɛ.vʁɔ̃/or/le.vʁɔ̃/ |
lèverez /lɛ.vʁe/or/le.vʁe/ |
lèveront /lɛ.vʁɔ̃/or/le.vʁɔ̃/ | |
conditional | lèverais /lɛ.vʁɛ/or/le.vʁɛ/ |
lèverais /lɛ.vʁɛ/or/le.vʁɛ/ |
lèverait /lɛ.vʁɛ/or/le.vʁɛ/ |
lèverions /lɛ.və.ʁjɔ̃/or/le.və.ʁjɔ̃/ |
lèveriez /lɛ.və.ʁje/or/le.və.ʁje/ |
lèveraient /lɛ.vʁɛ/or/le.vʁɛ/ | |
(compound tenses) |
present perfect | present indicative ofavoir+ past participle | |||||
pluperfect | imperfect indicative ofavoir+ past participle | ||||||
past anterior2 | past historic ofavoir+ past participle | ||||||
future perfect | future ofavoir+ past participle | ||||||
conditional perfect | conditional ofavoir+ past participle | ||||||
subjunctive | que je (j’) | que tu | qu’il, qu’elle | que nous | que vous | qu’ils, qu’elles | |
(simple tenses) |
present | lève /lɛv/ |
lèves /lɛv/ |
lève /lɛv/ |
levions /lə.vjɔ̃/ |
leviez /lə.vje/ |
lèvent /lɛv/ |
imperfect2 | levasse /lə.vas/ |
levasses /lə.vas/ |
levât /lə.va/ |
levassions /lə.va.sjɔ̃/ |
levassiez /lə.va.sje/ |
levassent /lə.vas/ | |
(compound tenses) |
past | present subjunctive ofavoir+ past participle | |||||
pluperfect2 | imperfect subjunctive ofavoir+ past participle | ||||||
imperative | – | – | – | ||||
simple | — | lève /lɛv/ |
— | levons /lə.vɔ̃/ |
levez /lə.ve/ |
— | |
compound | — | simple imperative ofavoir+ past participle | — | simple imperative ofavoir+ past participle | simple imperative ofavoir+ past participle | — | |
1The French gerund is usable only with the prepositionen. | |||||||
2In less formal writing or speech, these tenses may be found to have been replaced in the following way:
(Christopher Kendris [1995],Master the Basics: French,pp.77,78,79,81). |
Derived terms
[edit]- au pied levé
- levage
- levant
- Levant
- Levantin
- lève-Dieu
- lève-tard
- levée
- lever du soleil
- lever le camp
- lever le petit doigt
- lever le pied
- lever le voile
- lever les yeux au ciel
- lever l’ancre
- lever un lièvre
- leveur
- levure
- l’avenir appartient à ceux qui se lèvent tôt
- se lever
- se lever du mauvais pied
- se lever du pied gauche
- vote à main levée
Noun
[edit]leverm(plurallevers)
- the act ofgetting upin themorning
Further reading
[edit]- “lever”,inTrésor de la langue française informatisé[Digitized Treasury of the French Language],2012.
Anagrams
[edit]Hungarian
[edit]Etymology
[edit]Pronunciation
[edit]Verb
[edit]lever
Conjugation
[edit]Click for archaic forms | 1st personsg | 2nd personsg informal |
3rd personsg, 2nd p.sgformal |
1st personpl | 2nd personpl informal |
3rd personpl, 2nd p.plformal | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Indicative mood |
Present | Indef. | leverek | leversz | lever | leverünk | levertek | levernek | |
Def. | leverem | levered | leveri | leverjük | leveritek | leverik | |||
2nd-p. o. | leverlek | ― | |||||||
Past | Indef. | levertem | levertél | levert | levertünk | levertetek | levertek | ||
Def. | levertem | leverted | leverte | levertük | levertétek | leverték | |||
2nd-p. o. | levertelek | ― | |||||||
Future | Future is expressed with a present-tense verb with a completion-marking prefix and/or a time adverb,or—more explicitly—with the infinitive plus the conjugated auxiliary verbfog,e.g.le fog verni. | ||||||||
Archaic Preterit |
Indef. | leverék | leverél | levere | leverénk | leverétek | leverének | ||
Def. | leverém | leveréd | leveré | leverénk | leverétek | leverék | |||
2nd-p. o. | leverélek | ― | |||||||
Archaic Past | Two additional past tenses: the present and the (current) past forms followed byvala (volt),e.g.lever vala,levertvala/volt. | ||||||||
Archaic Future |
Indef. | leverendek | leverendesz | leverend | leverendünk | leverendetek | leverendenek | ||
Def. | leverendem | leverended | leverendi | leverendjük | leverenditek | leverendik | |||
2nd-p. o. | leverendelek | ― | |||||||
Conditional mood |
Present | Indef. | levernék | levernél | leverne | levernénk | levernétek | levernének | |
Def. | leverném | levernéd | leverné | levernénk (orlevernők) |
levernétek | levernék | |||
2nd-p. o. | levernélek | ― | |||||||
Past | Indicative past forms followed byvolna,e.g.levertvolna | ||||||||
Subjunctive mood |
Present | Indef. | leverjek | leverjor leverjél |
leverjen | leverjünk | leverjetek | leverjenek | |
Def. | leverjem | leverdor leverjed |
leverje | leverjük | leverjétek | leverjék | |||
2nd-p. o. | leverjelek | ― | |||||||
(Archaic) Past | Indicative past forms followed bylégyen,e.g.levertlégyen | ||||||||
Infinitive | leverni | levernem | leverned | levernie | levernünk | levernetek | leverniük | ||
Other forms |
Verbal noun | Present part. | Past part. | Future part. | Adverbial participle | Causative | |||
leverés | leverő | levert | leverendő | leverve(levervén) | leveret | ||||
The archaic passive conjugation had the same-(t)at/-(t)etsuffix as the causative, followed by-ikin the 3rd-person singular (and the concomitant changes in conditional and subjunctive mostly in the 1st- and 3rd-person singular like with other traditional-ikverbs). | |||||||||
The prefix can split from the verb stem, e.g.nem ver leorle is ver. |
Click for archaic forms | 1st personsg | 2nd personsg informal |
3rd personsg, 2nd p.sgformal |
1st personpl | 2nd personpl informal |
3rd personpl, 2nd p.plformal | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Indicative mood |
Present | Indef. | leverhetek | leverhetsz | leverhet | leverhetünk | leverhettek | leverhetnek | |
Def. | leverhetem | leverheted | leverheti | leverhetjük | leverhetitek | leverhetik | |||
2nd-p. o. | leverhetlek | ― | |||||||
Past | Indef. | leverhettem | leverhettél | leverhetett | leverhettünk | leverhettetek | leverhettek | ||
Def. | leverhettem | leverhetted | leverhette | leverhettük | leverhettétek | leverhették | |||
2nd-p. o. | leverhettelek | ― | |||||||
Archaic Preterit |
Indef. | leverheték | leverhetél | leverhete | leverheténk | leverhetétek | leverhetének | ||
Def. | leverhetém | leverhetéd | leverheté | leverheténk | leverhetétek | leverheték | |||
2nd-p. o. | leverhetélek | ― | |||||||
Archaic Past | Two additional past tenses: the present and the (current) past forms followed byvala,e.g.leverhetvala,leverhetettvala/volt. | ||||||||
Archaic Future |
Indef. | leverhetendek orleverandhatok |
leverhetendesz orleverandhatsz |
leverhetend orleverandhat |
leverhetendünk orleverandhatunk |
leverhetendetek orleverandhattok |
leverhetendenek orleverandhatnak | ||
Def. | leverhetendem orleverandhatom |
leverhetended orleverandhatod |
leverhetendi orleverandhatja |
leverhetendjük orleverandhatjuk |
leverhetenditek orleverandhatjátok |
leverhetendik orleverandhatják | |||
2nd-p. o. | leverhetendelek orleverandhatlak |
― | |||||||
Conditional mood |
Present | Indef. | leverhetnék | leverhetnél | leverhetne | leverhetnénk | leverhetnétek | leverhetnének | |
Def. | leverhetném | leverhetnéd | leverhetné | leverhetnénk (orleverhetnők) |
leverhetnétek | leverhetnék | |||
2nd-p. o. | leverhetnélek | ― | |||||||
Past | Indicative past forms followed byvolna,e.g.leverhetettvolna | ||||||||
Subjunctive mood |
Present | Indef. | leverhessek | leverhessor leverhessél |
leverhessen | leverhessünk | leverhessetek | leverhessenek | |
Def. | leverhessem | leverhesdor leverhessed |
leverhesse | leverhessük | leverhessétek | leverhessék | |||
2nd-p. o. | leverhesselek | ― | |||||||
(Archaic) Past | Indicative past forms followed bylégyen,e.g.leverhetettlégyen | ||||||||
Inf. | (leverhetni) | (leverhetnem) | (leverhetned) | (leverhetnie) | (leverhetnünk) | (leverhetnetek) | (leverhetniük) | ||
Positive adjective | leverhető | Neg. adj. | leverhetetlen | Adv. part. | (leverhetve/leverhetvén) | ||||
The prefix can split from the verb stem, e.g.nem verhet leorle is verhet. |
Derived terms
[edit]Further reading
[edit]- leverinBárczi, GézaandLászló Országh.A magyar nyelv értelmező szótára( “The Explanatory Dictionary of the Hungarian Language”, abbr.:ÉrtSz.). Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó, 1959–1962. Fifth ed., 1992:→ISBN
Indonesian
[edit]Etymology
[edit]FromDutchlever(“liver”),fromMiddle Dutchlēvere,fromOld Dutch*levara,fromProto-Germanic*librō.Doubletofliver.
Pronunciation
[edit]Noun
[edit]lèvêr(first-person possessiveleverku,second-person possessivelevermu,third-person possessivelevernya)
Alternative forms
[edit]Further reading
[edit]- “lever”inKamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia,Jakarta:Agency for Language Development and Cultivation–Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of the Republic of Indonesia,2016.
Latin
[edit]Verb
[edit]lēver
Middle English
[edit]Etymology 1
[edit]Comparative ofleve(“dear”)of Germanic origin (compareGermanlieb) orlief.
Adverb
[edit]lever
- Rather.
- For him wasleverhave at his bed's head
Twenty bookes, clad in black or red,
...Than robes rich, or fithel, or gay sawtrie.—The Canterbury Tales,Geoffrey Chaucer - Butleverthan this worldés good
She would have wist how that it stood—Tales of the Seven Deadly Sins,John Gower.
- For him wasleverhave at his bed's head
Etymology 2
[edit]Noun
[edit]lever
- Alternative form oflyvere(“liver”)
Etymology 3
[edit]Noun
[edit]lever
- Alternative form oflyvere(“living being”)
Middle French
[edit]Etymology
[edit]FromOld Frenchlever.
Verb
[edit]lever
- tolift
Conjugation
[edit]- Middle French conjugation varies from one text to another. Hence, the following conjugation should be considered as typical, not as exhaustive.
infinitive | simple | lever | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
compound | avoir+ past participle | ||||||
present participle1orgerund2 | simple | levant | |||||
compound | present participle or gerund ofavoir+ past participle | ||||||
past participle | levé | ||||||
singular | plural | ||||||
first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
indicative | ie (i’) | tu | il, elle | nous | vous | ilz, elles | |
(simple tenses) |
present | leve | leves | leve | levons | levez | levent |
imperfect | levois,levoys | levois,levoys | levoit,levoyt | levions,levyons | leviez,levyez | levoient,levoyent | |
past historic | leva | levas | leva | levasmes | levastes | leverent | |
future | leverai,leveray | leveras | levera | leverons | leverez | leveront | |
conditional | leverois,leveroys | leverois,leveroys | leveroit,leveroyt | leverions,leveryons | leveriez,leveryez | leveroient,leveroyent | |
(compound tenses) |
present perfect | present indicative ofavoir+ past participle | |||||
pluperfect | imperfect indicative ofavoir+ past participle | ||||||
past anterior | past historic ofavoir+ past participle | ||||||
future perfect | future ofavoir+ past participle | ||||||
conditional perfect | conditional ofavoir+ past participle | ||||||
subjunctive | que ie (i’) | que tu | qu’il, qu’elle | que nous | que vous | qu’ilz, qu’elles | |
(simple tenses) |
present | leve | leves | leve | levons | levez | levent |
imperfect | levasse | levasses | levast | levassions | levassiez | levassent | |
(compound tenses) |
past | present subjunctive ofavoir+ past participle | |||||
pluperfect | imperfect subjunctive ofavoir+ past participle | ||||||
imperative | – | – | – | ||||
simple | — | leve | — | levons | levez | — | |
compound | — | simple imperative ofavoir+ past participle | — | simple imperative ofavoir+ past participle | simple imperative ofavoir+ past participle | — | |
1The present participle was variable in gender and number until the 17th century (Anne Sancier-Château [1995],Une esthétique nouvelle: Honoré d'Urfé, correcteur de l'Astrée,p.179). TheFrench Academywould eventually declare it not to be declined in 1679. | |||||||
2The gerund was held to be invariable by grammarians of the early 17th century, and was usable with prepositionen,as inModern French,although the preposition was not mandatory (Anne Sancier-Château [1995],op. cit.,p.180). |
Descendants
[edit]- French:lever
References
[edit]- Godefroy, Frédéric,Dictionnaire de l’ancienne langue française et de tous ses dialectes duIXeauXVesiècle(1881)(lever,supplement)
Norwegian Bokmål
[edit]Pronunciation
[edit]Etymology 1
[edit]FromOld Norselifr,fromProto-Germanic*librō,fromProto-Indo-European*leyp-(“to smudge, stick”),from*ley-(“to be slimy, be sticky, glide”).
Noun
[edit]levermorf(definite singularleverenorlevra,indefinite plurallevereorlevreorlevrer,definite pluralleverneorlevrene)
Derived terms
[edit]Etymology 2
[edit]Verb
[edit]lever
References
[edit]- “lever”inThe Bokmål Dictionary.
Norwegian Nynorsk
[edit]Etymology 1
[edit]FromOld Norselifr,fromProto-Germanic*librō,fromProto-Indo-European*leyp-(“to smudge, stick”),from*ley-(“to be slimy, be sticky, glide”).Akin toEnglishliver.
Pronunciation
[edit]Noun
[edit]leverf(definite singularlevra,indefinite plurallevrarorlevrer,definite plurallevraneorlevrene)
Alternative forms
[edit]Derived terms
[edit]Etymology 2
[edit]Pronunciation
[edit]Verb
[edit]lever
Further reading
[edit]- “lever”inThe Nynorsk Dictionary.
Old French
[edit]Etymology
[edit]FromLatinlēvāre,present active infinitive oflēvō.
Verb
[edit]lever
Conjugation
[edit]This verb conjugates as a first-group verb ending in-er.The forms that would normally end in *-v,*-vs,*-vtare modified tof,s,t.This verb has a stressed present stemlievdistinct from the unstressed stemlev.Old French conjugation varies significantly by date and by region. The following conjugation should be treated as a guide.
simple | compound | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
infinitive | lever | avoirlevé | |||||
gerund | enlevant | gerund ofavoir+ past participle | |||||
present participle | levant | ||||||
past participle | levé | ||||||
person | singular | plural | |||||
first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
indicative | jo | tu | il | nos | vos | il | |
simple tenses |
present | lief | lieves | lieve | levons | levez | lievent |
imperfect | levoie,leveie,levoe,leveve | levoies,leveies,levoes,leveves | levoit,leveit,levot,leveve | leviiens,leviens | leviiez,leviez | levoient,leveient,levoent,levevent | |
preterite | levai | levas | leva | levames | levastes | leverent | |
future | leverai | leveras | levera | leverons | leveroiz,levereiz,leverez | leveront | |
conditional | leveroie,levereie | leveroies,levereies | leveroit,levereit | leveriiens,leveriens | leveriiez,leveriez | leveroient,levereient | |
compound tenses |
present perfect | present tense ofavoir+ past participle | |||||
pluperfect | imperfect tense ofavoir+ past participle | ||||||
past anterior | preterite tense ofavoir+ past participle | ||||||
future perfect | future tense ofavoir+ past participle | ||||||
conditional perfect | conditional tense ofavoir+ past participle | ||||||
subjunctive | que jo | que tu | qu’il | que nos | que vos | qu’il | |
simple tenses |
present | lief | lies | liet | levons | levez | lievent |
imperfect | levasse | levasses | levast | levissons,levissiens | levissoiz,levissez,levissiez | levassent | |
compound tenses |
past | present subjunctive ofavoir+ past participle | |||||
pluperfect | imperfect subjunctive ofavoir+ past participle | ||||||
imperative | – | tu | – | nos | vos | – | |
— | lieve | — | levons | levez | — |
Descendants
[edit]Old Swedish
[edit]Etymology
[edit]FromOld Norsehleifr,fromProto-Germanic*hlaibaz.
Noun
[edit]lēverm
Declension
[edit]Descendants
[edit]- Swedish:lev
Swedish
[edit]Pronunciation
[edit]Audio: (file)
Etymology 1
[edit]FromOld Norselifr,fromProto-Germanic*librō,fromProto-Indo-European*leyp-(“to smudge, stick”),from*ley-(“to be slimy, be sticky, glide”).
Noun
[edit]leverc
Declension
[edit]Declension oflever | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|
Singular | Plural | |||
Indefinite | Definite | Indefinite | Definite | |
Nominative | lever | levern | levrar | levrarna |
Genitive | levers | leverns | levrars | levrarnas |
Derived terms
[edit]Related terms
[edit]- levra(“clot, coagulate”)
Etymology 2
[edit]Verb
[edit]lever
References
[edit]- English 2-syllable words
- English terms with IPA pronunciation
- English terms with audio links
- Rhymes:English/iːvə(ɹ)
- Rhymes:English/iːvə(ɹ)/2 syllables
- Rhymes:English/ɛvə(ɹ)
- Rhymes:English/ɛvə(ɹ)/2 syllables
- English terms with homophones
- English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European
- English terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *h₁lengʷʰ-
- English terms inherited from Middle English
- English terms derived from Middle English
- English terms derived from Old French
- English terms derived from French
- English terms derived from Latin
- English doublets
- English lemmas
- English nouns
- English countable nouns
- en:Mechanics
- English terms with quotations
- English terms with obsolete senses
- English verbs
- English transitive verbs
- English terms with usage examples
- British English
- en:Finance
- English terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *lewbʰ- (love)
- English terms suffixed with -er
- English adverbs
- English uncomparable adverbs
- English terms borrowed from French
- English terms with rare senses
- en:Simple machines
- Danish terms inherited from Old Danish
- Danish terms derived from Old Danish
- Danish terms inherited from Old Norse
- Danish terms derived from Old Norse
- Danish terms inherited from Proto-Germanic
- Danish terms derived from Proto-Germanic
- Danish terms with IPA pronunciation
- Danish lemmas
- Danish nouns
- Danish common-gender nouns
- Danish non-lemma forms
- Danish verb forms
- Dutch terms with IPA pronunciation
- Dutch terms with audio links
- Rhymes:Dutch/eːvər
- Rhymes:Dutch/eːvər/2 syllables
- Dutch terms inherited from Middle Dutch
- Dutch terms derived from Middle Dutch
- Dutch terms inherited from Old Dutch
- Dutch terms derived from Old Dutch
- Dutch terms inherited from Proto-West Germanic
- Dutch terms derived from Proto-West Germanic
- Dutch terms inherited from Proto-Germanic
- Dutch terms derived from Proto-Germanic
- Dutch lemmas
- Dutch nouns
- Dutch nouns with plural in -s
- Dutch feminine nouns
- nl:Organs
- Dutch non-lemma forms
- Dutch verb forms
- French terms inherited from Middle French
- French terms derived from Middle French
- French terms inherited from Old French
- French terms derived from Old French
- French terms inherited from Latin
- French terms derived from Latin
- French 2-syllable words
- French terms with IPA pronunciation
- French terms with audio links
- French terms with homophones
- French lemmas
- French verbs
- French transitive verbs
- French reflexive verbs
- French terms with usage examples
- French verbs with conjugation -e-er
- French first group verbs
- French nouns
- French countable nouns
- French masculine nouns
- French nominalized infinitives
- Hungarian verbs prefixed with le-
- Hungarian terms with IPA pronunciation
- Rhymes:Hungarian/ɛr
- Rhymes:Hungarian/ɛr/2 syllables
- Hungarian lemmas
- Hungarian verbs
- Hungarian transitive verbs
- Indonesian terms borrowed from Dutch
- Indonesian terms derived from Dutch
- Indonesian terms derived from Middle Dutch
- Indonesian terms derived from Old Dutch
- Indonesian terms derived from Proto-Germanic
- Indonesian doublets
- Indonesian 2-syllable words
- Indonesian terms with IPA pronunciation
- Indonesian lemmas
- Indonesian nouns
- Latin non-lemma forms
- Latin verb forms
- Middle English lemmas
- Middle English adverbs
- Middle English nouns
- Middle French terms inherited from Old French
- Middle French terms derived from Old French
- Middle French lemmas
- Middle French verbs
- Middle French first group verbs
- Norwegian Bokmål terms inherited from Old Norse
- Norwegian Bokmål terms derived from Old Norse
- Norwegian Bokmål terms inherited from Proto-Germanic
- Norwegian Bokmål terms derived from Proto-Germanic
- Norwegian Bokmål terms derived from Proto-Indo-European
- Norwegian Bokmål lemmas
- Norwegian Bokmål nouns
- Norwegian Bokmål masculine nouns
- Norwegian Bokmål feminine nouns
- Norwegian Bokmål nouns with multiple genders
- nb:Anatomy
- Norwegian Bokmål non-lemma forms
- Norwegian Bokmål verb forms
- nb:Meats
- Norwegian Nynorsk terms inherited from Old Norse
- Norwegian Nynorsk terms derived from Old Norse
- Norwegian Nynorsk terms inherited from Proto-Germanic
- Norwegian Nynorsk terms derived from Proto-Germanic
- Norwegian Nynorsk terms derived from Proto-Indo-European
- Norwegian Nynorsk terms with IPA pronunciation
- Norwegian Nynorsk lemmas
- Norwegian Nynorsk nouns
- Norwegian Nynorsk feminine nouns
- nn:Anatomy
- Norwegian Nynorsk non-lemma forms
- Norwegian Nynorsk verb forms
- nn:Meats
- Old French terms inherited from Latin
- Old French terms derived from Latin
- Old French lemmas
- Old French verbs
- Old French reflexive verbs
- Old French verbs with stem alternations
- Old French verbs with weak-a preterite
- Old French first group verbs
- Old French verbs ending in -er
- Old French irregular verbs
- Old Swedish terms inherited from Old Norse
- Old Swedish terms derived from Old Norse
- Old Swedish terms inherited from Proto-Germanic
- Old Swedish terms derived from Proto-Germanic
- Old Swedish lemmas
- Old Swedish nouns
- Old Swedish masculine nouns
- Old Swedish a-stem nouns
- Swedish terms with audio links
- Swedish terms inherited from Old Norse
- Swedish terms derived from Old Norse
- Swedish terms inherited from Proto-Germanic
- Swedish terms derived from Proto-Germanic
- Swedish terms derived from Proto-Indo-European
- Swedish lemmas
- Swedish nouns
- Swedish common-gender nouns
- sv:Anatomy
- Swedish non-lemma forms
- Swedish verb forms
- sv:Organs