on

See also:Appendix:Variations of "on"

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Page categories

English

Pronunciation

(UK, Australia, Eastern New England)enPR:ŏn,IPA^(key):/ɒn/
- Audio(UK): (file)
- Audio(General Australian): (file)
(Southern US,Midland US,Philadelphia,Baltimore)IPA^(key):/ɔn/
(Southern US)IPA^(key):/ɔʊn/
(Northern USorcot–caughtmerger)enPR:än,IPA^(key):/ɑn/
- Audio(US);/ɑn/: (file)
(Canada)IPA^(key):[ɒːn ~ ɔːn]
Rhymes:-ɒn,-ɔːn
Homophone:awn(Midland American English, Southern American English, Cot-Caught merger)

Etymology 1

Etymology tree

Proto-West Germanic*ana

Old Englishon

Middle Englishon

Englishon

FromMiddle Englishon,fromOld Englishon,an(“on, upon, onto, in, into”),fromProto-West Germanic*ana,fromProto-Germanic*ana(“on, at”),fromProto-Indo-European*h₂en-.

Cognate withNorth Frisiana(“on, in”),Saterland Frisianan(“on, at”),West Frisianoan(“on, at”),Dutchaan(“on, at, to”),Low Germanan(“on, at”),Germanan(“to, at, on”),Swedishå(“on, at, in”),Faroeseá(“on, onto, in, at”),Icelandicá(“on, in”),Gothic𐌰𐌽𐌰(ana),Ancient Greekἀνά(aná,“up, upon”),Albaniannë(“in”);and fromOld Norseupp á:Danishpå,Swedishpå,Norwegianpå,seeupon.

Adjective

on(notcomparable)

In the state of beingactive,functioningoroperating.
Antonym:off

All the lights areon,so they must be home.
Happening;taking place;being or due to be put into action.
We had to ration our food because there was a waron.

Some of the cast went down with flu, but the show's stillon.

That TV programme that you wanted to watch isonnow.

This is her last song. You'reonnext!

Are we stillonfor tonight?

Mike just threw coffee onto Paul's lap. It'sonnow.

England need a hundred runs, with twenty-five overs remaining. Gameon!
1. (informal)Of a person, used to express agreement to or acceptance of a proposal or challenge made by that person; most commonly with subject "you" (seeyou're on).
  "Five bucks says the Cavs win tonight." ― "You'reon!"
  
  If he wants a fight, he'son!
Fitted; covering or being worn.
Your feet will soon warm up once your socks areon.

I was trying to drink out of the bottle while the top was stillon!
(postpositive)Of a stated part of something, oriented towards the viewer or other specified direction.
The photograph shows the UFO sideon.

edgeon,sideon,endon,faceon
(chieflyUK,informal,usually negative)Acceptable, appropriate.
You can't do that; it's just noton.
- 1998May 22, Phoenix Gamma, “If I was owned Nintendo...”, inalt.games.video.nintendo-64(Usenet):
  This kind of over-packaging of goods is completely noton.
- 2003August 12, DAB sounds worse than FM, “Gerg Dyke's Speech at Radio Festival”, inalt.radio.digital(Usenet):
  so Simon Nelson saying on Feedback "we'd prefer it if everybody listened to digital radio via DAB" is completely notonat all.
(often negative)Possible; capable of being successfully carried out.
He'd like to play the red next to the black spot, but that shot isn'ton.
(Can weverify⁽⁺⁾this sense?)(informal)Destined;involved,doomed.
(baseball,informal)Having reached abaseas arunnerand being positioned there, awaiting further action from a subsequent batter.
- 2019February 24, Chris Kennedy, “Aggies Earn Series Win Over Yale in Sunday Finale”, inNew Mexico State University Athletics‎^[2]:
  With one out and no menon,Tristen Carranza belted a ball to the opposite field for a solo home run to put the NM State deficit at just 2-1.
- 2019April 6, Daniel Martinez-Krams, “Baseball Falls Short in Game 2 of UCLA Series”, inThe Stanford Daily‎^[3]:
  Although Stanford was outhit 15-6, the Cardinal stranded eight runners to UCLA's three, hitting just 3-15 with runnersoncompared to the Bruin's 9-22.
(cricket)Within thehalfof thefieldon the same side as thebatsman'slegs;theleftside for aright-handedbatsman.
Synonym:legAntonym:off

The captain moved two fielders to theonside.

Ponsonby-Smythe hit a thumpingondrive.
(snooker,postpositive)Of a ball, being the next in sequence to be potted, according to the rules of the game.
If the player fails to hit the ballon,it's a foul.
(acting,drama,roleplaying games)Actingin character.
(informal,of a person)Performative or funny in a wearying manner.
He always has to beon,it's so exhausting.
(euphemistic)Menstruating.
- 2011,Hollie Smith Netmums,You and Your Tween: Managing the years from 9 to 13,Hachette,→ISBN:
  It still gets in the way of her doing things like swimming, and she avoids sleepovers when she's "on".

Synonyms

(baseball: positioned at a base):onbase(not informal)

Translations

in the state of being active, functioning or operating

Armenian:միացրած(miacʻrac)
Asturian:encendíu
Czech:zapnuto
Dutch:aan(nl),op(nl),actief(nl)
Estonian:sees(et)
Finnish:päällä(fi),-lla(fi),-llä(fi)(adessive case)
French:allumé(fr)
Galician:acendidom,prendidom
German:an(de),ein(de),eingeschaltet(de),angeschaltet(de)
Greek:ανοικτό(el)n(anoiktó)
Hungarian:bekapcsolva
Icelandic:kveiktur
Italian:acceso(it)
Persian:روشن(fa)(rowšan),فعال(fa)(faâl)
Polish:włączony
Portuguese:ligado(pt)
Russian:вклю́ченный(ru)(vkljúčennyj),вкл.(vkl.)(abbreviation)
Scottish Gaelic:air
Slovak:zapnuté
Spanish:encendido(es),conectado(es)
Swedish:på(sv),igång(sv)
Zazaki:de(diq)

destined

Danish:på(da)
Finnish:no equivalent term in Finnish, but seeolla menoa
French:parti(fr)
Greek:periphrastically
Italian:dentro(it)
Swedish:för(sv),på(sv)

Adverb

on(notcomparable)

For idiomatic meanings of phrasal verbs, such ascarry on,hang on,have on,try on,etc., please see the individual entries.

To anoperating state.
turn thetelevisionon
So as to cover or be fitted.
The lid wasn't screwedonproperly.

Putonyour hat and gloves.
Along, forwards (continuing an action).
driveon,rockon
- 2012May 5, Phil McNulty, “Chelsea 2-1 Liverpool”, inBBC Sport‎^[4]:
  He met Luis Suarez's cross at the far post, only for Chelsea keeper Petr Cech to show brilliant reflexes to deflect his header on to the bar. Carroll turned away to lead Liverpool's insistent protests that the ball had crossed the line but referee Phil Dowd and assistant referee Andrew Garratt waved playon,with even a succession of replays proving inconclusive.
In continuation, at length.
and soon

He rambledonandon.
(obsolete in the US)Later.
Ten yearson,nothing had changed in the village.
Of betting odds, denoting a better-than-even chance.See alsoodds-on.
Antonym:against

That horse is twenty-to-oneon,so you need to stake twenty pounds just to win one pound.

Synonyms

(later):after,afterward/afterwards,later,subsequently,thence

Antonyms

(antonym(s) of“active, functioning, operating”):off
(antonym(s) of“to an operating state”):off

Translations

to an operating state

Dutch:aan(nl)
Finnish:päälle(fi)
German:an(de),ein(de)
Greek:periphrastically
Italian:not used in Italian
Norwegian:
Norwegian Bokmål:på(no)

Norwegian Nynorsk:på
Persian:روشن(fa)(rowšan)
Swedish:på(sv)

continuing an action

Finnish:edelleen(fi)
French:encore(fr)
German:weiter(de)
Greek:periphrastically
Italian:not used in Italian
Slovak:ďalej
Swedish:på(sv),vidare(sv)

along, forwards (continuing an action)

Finnish:edelleen(fi)
French:encore(fr)
German:an(de)
Greek:periphrastically
Italian:ancora(it)
Slovak:ďalej
Swedish:vidare(sv)

cricket: in, or towards the half of the field on the same side as the batsman's legs

Finnish:on-puolella

Preposition

Agreen pepperon(with its position being the upper surface of) a box

on

Positioned at theuppersurface of,touchingfromabove.
A vase of flowers stoodonthe table.

Please lie downonthe couch.

The parrot was sittingonJim's shoulder.
- 1845,Henry Wadsworth Longfellow,The Bridge:
  I stoodonthe bridge at midnight.
Positioned at or resting against the outer surface of; attached to.
He had a scaronthe side of his face.

There is a dirty smudgeonthis window.

The painting hangsonthe wall.

The fruit ripenedonthe trees.
Covering.
He wore old shoesonhis feet.
Expressing figurative placement, burden, or attachment.
All of the responsibility isonhim.

I put a betonthe winning horse.
Denoting physical contact or interaction with an object, such as impact or application of force.
1. With verbs describing an action of pushing, pulling, pressing, etc., designates the thing to which force is applied.
  tugonthe rope;push hardonthe door
2. With verbs describing an action of hitting, rubbing, scratching, binding against, etc., designates the thing impacted or contacted.
  I stubbed my toeonan old tree stump.
  
  I caught my fingernailonthe door handle.
  
  The rope snaggedona branch.
3. Denoting performance or action by contact with the surface, upper part, or outside of anything;hence, by means of; with.
  to playona violin or piano
At or in (a certain region or location).
The lighthouse that you can see isonthe mainland.

The suspect is thought to still beonthe campus.
1. Denoting relative position or position within the whole.
  We liveonthe edge of the city.
  
  onthe left,onthe right,onthe side,onthe bottom
2. (UK)To be ranked thusly.
  The Tories areontwenty-five percent in this constituency.
Near; adjacent to; alongside; just off.
The fleet isonthe American coast.

Croton-on-Hudson,Rostov-on-Don,Southend-on-Sea
Supportedby (the specified part of itself).
A table can't standontwo legs.

After restingonhis elbows, he stoodonhis toes, then walkedonhis heels.
Aboard (a mode of transport, especially public transport, or transport that one sits astride or uses while standing).
ona bus,ona train,ona plane,ona ferry,ona yacht

ona bicycle,ona motorbike,ona horse,ona scooter
At thedateordayof.
Bornonthe 4th of July.

OnSunday I'm busy. I'll see youonMonday.

Can I see youona different day?
(UK,especially in sports reporting)At a given time after the start of something;at.
Smith scored againontwelve minutes, doubling Mudchester Rovers' lead.
- 2011September 24, Aled Williams, “Chelsea 4-1 Swansea”,inBBC Sport:
  The Spain striker had given Chelsea the leadon29 minutes but was shown a straight red card 10 minutes later for a rash challenge on Mark Gower.
Dealingwith thesubjectof;about;concerning.
I was reading a bookonhistory.

The city hosted the World Summitonthe Information Society

I have no opiniononthis subject.
- 1869May, Anthony Trollope, “Lady Milborough as Ambassador”, inHe Knew He Was Right,volume I, London: Strahan and Company,[…],→OCLC,page85:
  [...] I received a note from that gentlemanona most trivial matter. I answered it as trivially.
(informal)In the possession of.
I haven't got any moneyonme.
Because of; due to; upon the basis of (something not yet confirmed as true).
to arrest someoneonsuspicion of bribery

to contact someoneona hunch
(also often 'upon')At the time of (and often because of).
OnJack's entry, William got up to leave.

Onthe addition of ammonia, a chemical reaction begins.
(also often 'upon')Arrived or coming into the presence of.
I need to get my planting done, as the season will soon beonus.

Before we knew it, the forest wasonus, and the air grew colder and damper.
Paid for by.
The drinks areonme tonight, boys.

The meal isonthe house.

I paid for the airfare and meals for my family, but the hotel room wasonthe company.
Indicating a means or medium.
I saw itontelevision.

Can't you see I'monthe phone?

My favorite shows areonBBC America.

The Beatles' appearanceontheEd Sullivan ShowisonYouTube.

The film was releasedonDVD.
Indicating the target of, or thing affected by, an event or action.
They planned an attackonLondon.

The soldiers mutinied and turned their gunsontheir officers.

Her words made a lasting impressiononmy mind.

What will be the effectonmorale?
Toward; for;indicating the object of an emotion.
Have pity or compassiononhim.
(especiallyIreland)Indicating the person experiencing an emotion, cold, thirst, hunger, etc.
- 2013February 27, Rosemary Sutcliff,The Shining Company,Random House,→ISBN:
  '[…]the hunger isonme to carry my sword in distant places.' Mynyddog bowed his head.
- 2017January 24, Ruth Gilligan,Nine Folds Make a Paper Swan,Tin House Books,→ISBN:
  “Christ, the thirstonme.” “Sure, it's serious work, all that talk of independence.” The theater's stained-glass doors had first flung open in 1904, all in the hope of “rewriting the Irish identity,” of using culture in the fight[…]
- 2017August 29, Ralph Peters,Judgment at Appomattox: A Novel,Forge Books,→ISBN,page18:
  “I've got the hungeronme, I do.” Riordan snorted. Hardly a man knew hunger as he did. The prison rations at Point Lookout, spare enough, had been a feast compared to the black years in Ireland.[…]
Indicating the position that one has reached in a sequence.
I'monquestion four.
Indicating a means of subsistence.
They livedonten dollars a week.

The dog survived three weeksonrainwater.
Engaged in or occupied with (an action or activity).
He'sonhis lunch break.

I'monnights all this week.

onvacation;onholiday;ona mission;onthe job;onthe fiddle
Regularly taking (a drug).
You've beenonthese antidepressants far too long.
Under the influence of (a drug, or something that is causing drug-like effects).
He's acting crazy because he'soncrack right now.
In addition to; besides; indicating multiplication or succession in a series.
heapsonheaps of food

mischiefonmischief; lossonloss
Indicating dependence or reliance.
I dependedonthem for assistance.

He will promiseoncertain conditions.
Serving as amemberof.
He isonthe jury; I amonthe committee.
By virtue of; with the pledge of.
He affirmed or promisedonhis word, oronhis honour.
1. (informal,chiefly inset phrases)EllipsisofI swearon:on my life,on God,on everything,etc.
To the account or detriment of; denoting imprecation or invocation, or coming to, falling, or resting upon.
Onus be all the blame.

A curseonhim!

Please don't tellonher and get her in trouble.

He turnedonher and has been her enemy ever since.

He went all honestonme, making me listen to his confession.
- 1611,The Holy Bible,[…](King James Version), London:[…]Robert Barker,[…],→OCLC,Matthew 27:25:
  His blood beonvs, andonour children.
(especially when numbers of combatants or competitors are specified)Against; in opposition to.
The fight was threeonone, and he never stood a chance.
(philosophy,logic)According to, from the standpoint of; expressing what must follow, whether accepted or not, if a given premise or system is assumed true.
- 2021,Gavin Ortlund,Why God Makes Sense in a World That Doesn't: The Beauty of Christian Theism,Grand Rapids, MI: Baker Academic,→ISBN:
  Onnaturalism, it is therefore difficult to find a ground for ultimate moral hope.
(snooker)In a position of being able to pot (a given ball).
All the way around the table, off four cushions, and... and he'sonthe black!
(mathematics)Having as identicaldomainandcodomain.
a functionon $\mathbb {R}$
(mathematics)Having $V^{n}$ asdomainandVascodomain,for the specified setVand some integern.
an operatoron $\mathbb {Z}$
(mathematics)Generatedby.
the free grouponfour letters
(mathematics,uncommon)Dividedby.
Synonym:over

Twentyonthree.
(obsoleteordialect,regional)Of.
I never seen 'im, and that's the truthonit.
- 1599(first performance),William Shakespeare,“The Tragedie of Iulius Cæsar”,inMr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies[…](First Folio), London:[…]Isaac Iaggard,andEd[ward]Blount,published1623,→OCLC,[Act I, scene ii]:
  Be not jealousonme.
- c.1606(date written),William Shakespeare,“The Tragedie of Macbeth”,inMr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies[…](First Folio), London:[…]Isaac Iaggard,andEd[ward]Blount,published1623,→OCLC,[Act I, scene iii]:
  Or have we eatenonthe insane root / That takes the reason prisoner?
(obsolete)At the peril of, or for the safety of.
- a.1701(date written), John Dryden, “The First Book ofHomer’sIlias”,inThe Miscellaneous Works of John Dryden,[…],volume IV, London:[…]J[acob]and R[ichard]Tonson,[…],published1760,→OCLC,page415:
  Henceonthy life: the captive maid is mine; / Whom not for price or pray'rs I will reſign: [...]

Synonyms

(dealing with the subject of):about,apropos,as for;See alsoThesaurus:about
(because of):by dint of,due to;See alsoThesaurus:because of

Derived terms

Related terms

depend(on)
put on airs

Translations

positioned at the upper surface of

Albanian:mbi(sq)(+ acc.)
Arabic:عَلَى(ar)(ʕalā)
Egyptian Arabic:على(ʕala)
Armenian:վրա(hy)(vra)
Asturian:sobre(ast)
Azerbaijani:üzərində,üstündə
Bakhtiari:سر(sar)
Bashkir:тураһында(turahında)
Belarusian:на(na)
Belizean Creole:pahn
Bengali:উপর(bn)(upor)
Bhojpuri:ऊपर(ūpar)
Breton:war(br)
Bulgarian:на(bg)(na)
Burmese:မှာ(my)(hma),၌(my)(hnai.),အပေါ်(my)(a.pau)
Catalan:sobre(ca)
Chinese:
Mandarin:…… Thượng(zh)(... shàng)
Chuukese:won
Cornish:war
Czech:na(cs)
Dalmatian:saupra
Danish:på(da)
Dutch:op(nl)
Esperanto:sur(eo)
Estonian:peal(et)(or adessive case)
Finnish:päällä(fi)
French:sur(fr)
Galician:sobre(gl),encol de(gl),en(gl)
Ge'ez:ላዕለ(laʿlä)
Georgian:-ზე(-ze)
German:auf(de)
Gothic:𐌰𐌽𐌰(ana)(+ dative)
Greek:πάνω(el)(páno),σε(el)(se)
Ancient Greek:ἐπί(epí)(+ dative),ἐν(en)
Guaraní:ári
Hebrew:עַל(he)(al),על פני
Hindi:... पर(hi)(... par)
Hungarian:-n(hu),-on(hu),-en(hu),-ön(hu)(superessive case)
Icelandic:á(is)
Ido:sur(io)
Indonesian:di atas(id),atas(id)
Interlingua:super(ia),sur(ia)
Irish:ar
Italian:su(it),sopra(it)
Japanese:…の thượng に(ja)(…no ue ni)
Kazakh:үстінде(üstınde)
Khmer:នៅលើ(nɨv ləə)
Korean:...위에(...wie)
Kurdish:
Central Kurdish:لەسەر(leser),لە سەر(le ser)

Northern Kurdish:ser(ku)
Kyrgyz:үстүнө(üstünö),үстүндө(ky)(üstündö)
Lao:ເທິງ(thœng),ບົນ(bon)
Latin:in(la),super(la),suprā(la),ab(la),a(la)
Latvian:uz(lv)
Ligurian:in sce
Lithuanian:ant(lt)
Livonian:pǟl(postposition)
Macedonian:на(na)
Malay:atas(ms),di atas
Maltese:fuq
Mbyá Guaraní:áry
Mirandese:subre
Mongolian:дээр(mn)(deer)
Navajo:bikááʼ(bɪkʰáːʔ),bąąh
Neapolitan:ngoppe
Norwegian:på(no)
Norwegian Bokmål:på(no)

Norwegian Nynorsk:på
Occitan:sobre(oc)
Old Church Slavonic:
Cyrillic:на(na)
Old East Slavic:на(na)
Old Occitan:sobre
Pashto:پر(ps)(për),باندې(ps)(bânde)
Persian:روی(fa)(ru-ye),بر(fa)(bar)
Polish:na(pl)
Portuguese:na(pt),no(pt),sobre(pt)
Romagnol:adòs
Romanian:deasupra(ro),pe(ro)
Russian:на(ru)(na)
Scottish Gaelic:air
Serbo-Croatian:
Cyrillic:на

Roman:na(sh)
Sicilian:supra(scn),sùpira(scn)
Slovak:na(sk)
Slovene:na(sl)
Sorbian:
Lower Sorbian:na
Spanish:en(es),sobre(es)
Swedish:på(sv),ovanpå(sv),å(sv),upp å
Tajik:ба(tg)(ba),рӯи(rü-yi),бар(tg)(bar)
Thai:บน(th)(bon)
Tibetan:སྒང་ལ(sgang la)
Turkish:üstünde(tr)
Turkmen:üstünde
Ukrainian:на(uk)(na)
Urdu:... پر(... par)
Uyghur:ئۈستىدە(üstide)
Uzbek:ustiga(uz)
Vietnamese:trên(vi)
Volapük:su(vo)
Walloon:so(wa),dissu(wa)
Welsh:ar(cy)
Yiddish:אויף(oyf)
Zazaki:serom,seraf

covering

Arabic:عَلَى(ar)(ʕalā)
Armenian:վրա(hy)(vra)
Burmese:မှာ(my)(hma),၌(my)(hnai.)
Dutch:over(nl)
Esperanto:sur(eo)
Finnish:päällä(fi),yllä(fi)
French:sur(fr),au-dessus(fr)
German:über(de)
Greek:πάνω(el)(páno)
Hebrew:מכסה(he)
Hungarian:-n(hu),-on(hu),-en(hu),-ön(hu)(superessive case)
Italian:su(it),a(it)
Latin:in(la),super(la),suprā(la)
Pashto:په(ps)(pë)
Persian:روی(fa)(ru-ye)
Polish:na(pl)
Portuguese:em(pt)
Russian:на(ru)(na)
Scottish Gaelic:air,mu(dated)
Slovak:na(sk)
Slovene:na(sl)
Spanish:en(es),sobre(es)
Swedish:på(sv)

at the date of

Ancient Greek:(dative case of noun),ἐν(en)(+ dative)
Arabic:فِي(ar)(fī)
Armenian:-ի ն(-in)
Burmese:မှာ(my)(hma),၌(my)(hnai.)
Czech:dne(cs)
Dutch:op(nl)
Esperanto:je(eo)
Finnish:-na(fi),-nä(fi)(essive case)
French:not used in French
German:an(de)
Greek:articles,σε(el)(se)+articles
Hebrew:בתאריך
Hungarian:-n(hu),-on(hu),-en(hu),-ön(hu)(superessive case)
Italian:not used in Italian
Japanese:…に(ja)(…ni)
Latin:in(la)
Malay:pada(ms)
Maltese:fi
Pashto:په(ps)(pë)
Persian:در(fa)(dar)
Polish:(genitive case of noun)
Portuguese:na(pt),no(pt)
Romanian:pe(ro)(of regular days),de(ro)(of festive days)
Russian:в(ru)(v),-го(ru)(-vo)(genitive numeral suffix)
Scottish Gaelic:not used in Scottish Gaelic
Slovak:dňa(sk)
Slovene:na(sl)
Spanish:(the definite article is used before the time period)
Swedish:på(sv)(not always used),under(sv)

some time during the day of

Arabic:فِي(ar)(fī)
Burmese:မှာ(my)(hma),၌(my)(hnai.)
Finnish:-na(fi),-nä(fi)(essive case)
French:not used in French
Greek:articles
Icelandic:á(is)
Italian:di(it)(used only with nouns of the week days: "dilunedì "-"onMonday ","dimartedì "-"onTuesday ",...; not always used),in(it)(used only with generic days, as in "inun giorno differente "-"ona different day "; not always used)
Khmer:នៅ(km)(nɨw)
Lao:ໃນ(nai)
Ngazidja Comorian:not used in Ngazigja Comorian
Pashto:په(ps)(pë)
Persian:در(fa)(dar)
Polish:(genitive case of noun),w(pl)
Scottish Gaelic:not used in Scottish Gaelic
Slovak:počas(sk)
Spanish:(the definite article is used before the time period)
Swedish:på(sv),under(sv)
Thai:ใน(th)(nai)
Tibetan:ལ(la)
Vietnamese:vào(vi)
Zazaki:miyan(diq)

dealing with the subject of

Arabic:فِي(ar)(fī)
Armenian:մասին(hy)(masin),վերաբերյալ(hy)(veraberyal)
Asturian:sobre(ast)
Catalan:sobre(ca)
Czech:o(cs)
Dutch:over(nl)
Esperanto:pri(eo)
Finnish:-sta(fi),-stä(fi)(elative case)
French:sur(fr),à propos de(fr),au sujet de(fr)
Galician:sobre(gl),acerca de(gl)
German:über(de)
Greek:πάνω(el)(páno)
Ancient Greek:περί(perí)(+ genitive)
Hebrew:בנושא
Italian:su(it),di(it)
Latin:de(la),super(la),supra(la)
Pashto:په(ps)(pë)
Persian:در(fa)(dar),اندر(fa)(andar)
Polish:o(pl)
Portuguese:na(pt),no(pt)
Romanian:despre(ro)
Scottish Gaelic:air
Slovak:o(sk)
Slovene:na(sl)
Spanish:sobre(es)acerca de(es)
Swedish:om(sv),angående(sv)

touching; hanging from

Arabic:عَلَى(ar)(ʕalā)
Armenian:վրա(hy)(vra)
Czech:na(cs)
Dutch:bij(nl)(on me),aan(nl)(on a tree)
Esperanto:sur(eo)
Finnish:-lla(fi),-llä(fi)(adessive case)
French:sur(fr)
German:an(de),bei(de)
Greek:πάνω(el)(páno)
Hebrew:נוגע,תלוי על
Hungarian:-n(hu),-on(hu),-en(hu),-ön(hu)(superessive case)
Italian:su(it),a(it)
Latin:in(la),super(la),supra(la)
Pashto:پورې(ps)(pore)
Persian:روی(fa)(ru-ye)
Polish:na(pl)
Portuguese:na(pt),no(pt)
Slovak:na(sk)
Slovene:na(sl)
Spanish:en(es),sobre(es)
Swedish:på(sv)
Tibetan:ལྡེབས་ལ(ldebs la)
West Frisian:oan,by(fy)
Zazaki:naser

mathematics: havingVas both domain and codomain

Finnish:-lle(fi)(allative case);-lla(fi),-llä(fi)(adessive case)
Italian:in(it)
Latin:in(la)
Polish:przy(pl)
Swedish:av(sv)

mathematics: havingVⁿas domain andVas codomain

Finnish:-lle(fi)(allative case);-lla(fi),-llä(fi)(adessive case)
Italian:in(it)
Latin:in(la)
Polish:na(pl)
Swedish:av(sv)

because of, or due to something

Dutch:wegens(nl)
Finnish:takia(fi),vuoksi(fi),-sta(fi),-stä(fi)(elative case),perusteella(fi),johdosta(fi),seurauksena
French:pour(fr),à propos de(fr)
German:wegen(de),aufgrund(de)
Greek:periphrastically
Italian:con(it)
Latin:in(la)
Pashto:په(ps)(pë)
Slovak:pre
Swedish:på grund av(sv)

paid for by

Arabic:عَلَىحِسَابِهِ(ʕalā ḥisābihi)
Finnish:(not applicable; different structures used)
German:auf(de)
Greek:periphrastically
Latin:in(la)
Pashto:په(ps)(pë)
Persian:با(fa)(bâ)
Russian:с(ru)(s)(с меня, с тебя...),за счёт(za sčot)
Slovak:na(sk)
Swedish:är på

used to indicate means or medium

Finnish:(use the inessive and adessive cases)
French:avec(fr),grâce à(fr)
German:in(de),an(de)
Greek:periphrastically
Italian:in(it),a(it)
Latin:in(la)
Pashto:په(ps)(pë)
Persian:در(fa)(dar)
Spanish:en(es)
Swedish:på(sv)

The translations below need to be checked and inserted above into the appropriate translation tables. See instructions atWiktionary:Entry layout § Translations.

Translations to be checked

Dutch:^{(pleaseverify)}van(nl)
French:^{(pleaseverify)}de(fr)
Hungarian:^{(pleaseverify)}-tól(hu)/^{(pleaseverify)}-től(hu)
Norwegian:^{(pleaseverify)}av(no)(7)
Swedish:^{(pleaseverify)}på(sv),^{(pleaseverify)}av(sv),^{(pleaseverify)}på grund av(sv)

Verb

on(third-person singular simple presentons,present participleoningoronning,simple past and past participleonedoronned)

(Singapore,Philippines,Malaysia,Nigeria,transitive,colloquial)Toswitch on.
Synonym:turn on

Can youonthe light?

Etymology 2

FromOld Norseón,án(“without”),fromProto-Germanic*ēnu,*ēno,*ino(“without”),fromProto-Indo-European*ḗnu(“without”).Cognate withNorth Frisianon(“without”),Middle Dutchan,on(“without”),Middle Low Germanāne(“without”),Germanohne(“without”),Gothic𐌹𐌽𐌿(inu,“without, except”).

Unlikely to be related to Ancient Greekἄνευ(áneu,“without”),which likely akin to Proto-Germanic*sundrazinstead (whencesunder).

Alternative forms

ohn

Preposition

on

(UK dialectal,Scotland)Without.(Can we add anexamplefor this sense?)

Usage notes

Usually followed by a present participle, asbeing,having,etc.

Etymology 3

FromJapaneseÂm đọc み(on'yomi,literally“sound reading”).

Noun

on

In the Japanese language, a pronunciation, or reading, of akanjicharacter that was originally based on the character's pronunciation in Chinese, contrasted withkun.
Most kanji have two kinds of reading, called "on" and "kun".

Related terms

kun

References

“on”,inOneLook Dictionary Search.

Anagrams

Nº,NO,No,No.,N.O.,no,no.

Azerbaijani

**Azerbaijani numbers^(edit)**
		100
← 1	← 9	10	11 →	20 →
		1
Cardinal:on Ordinal:onuncu

Etymology

FromProto-Turkic*ōn(“ten”).^[1]Cognate withOld Turkic𐰆𐰣(on,“ten”).

Pronunciation

Audio: (file)

Numeral

Other scripts
Cyrillic		он
Abjad		اوْن

on

ten

References

^Starostin, Sergei,Dybo, Anna,Mudrak, Oleg(2003) “*ōn”, inEtymological dictionary of the Altaic languages(Handbuch der Orientalistik; VIII.8)‎^[1],Leiden, New York, Köln: E.J. Brill

Basque

Etymology

FromProto-Basque*bon.

Pronunciation

IPA^(key):/on/[õn]
Audio: (file)
Rhymes:-on
Hyphenation:on

Adjective

on(comparativehobe,superlativeonenorhoberen,excessiveonegi)

Declension

Declension ofon(adjective, ending in consonant)

		indefinite	singular	plural
absolutive		on	ona	onak
ergative		onek	onak	onek
dative		oni	onari	onei
genitive		onen	onaren	onen
comitative		onekin	onarekin	onekin
causative		onengatik	onarengatik	onengatik
benefactive		onentzat	onarentzat	onentzat
instrumental		onez	onaz	onez
inessive	anim.	onengan	onarengan	onengan
inessive	inanim.	onetan	onean	onetan
locative	anim.	—	—	—
locative	inanim.	onetako	oneko	onetako
allative	anim.	onengana	onarengana	onengana
allative	inanim.	onetara	onera	onetara
terminative	anim.	onenganaino	onarenganaino	onenganaino
terminative	inanim.	onetaraino	oneraino	onetaraino
directive	anim.	onenganantz	onarenganantz	onenganantz
directive	inanim.	onetarantz	onerantz	onetarantz
destinative	anim.	onenganako	onarenganako	onenganako
destinative	inanim.	onetarako	onerako	onetarako
ablative	anim.	onengandik	onarengandik	onengandik
ablative	inanim.	onetatik	onetik	onetatik
partitive		onik	—	—
prolative		ontzat	—	—

Catalan

Adverb

on

where

References

“on”inDiccionari de la llengua catalana, segona edició,Institut d’Estudis Catalans.
“on”,inGran Diccionari de la Llengua Catalana,Grup Enciclopèdia Catalana,2024
“on”inDiccionari normatiu valencià,Acadèmia Valenciana de la Llengua.
“on”inDiccionari català-valencià-balear,Antoni Maria Alcover and Francesc de Borja Moll, 1962.

Central Franconian

Alternative forms

un(widely in free variation)
en(some western dialects)

Etymology

The native form in most dialects wasOld High Germanindi,whence the varianten.In parts of the Eifel, thisindiregularly becomeson(compareLuxembourgishan). In southern and eastern dialects, on the other hand,onmay have been inherited from the Old High German variantunde(unti). From these two groups of dialects, the form will have spread, without doubt under influence ofGermanund.

Pronunciation

IPA^(key):/on/

Conjunction

on

and
SalzonPäfer
saltandpepper

Classical Nahuatl

Pronoun

on, ōn

(demonstrative)that;those

Related terms

in

References

Michel Launey with Christopher Mackay (2011)An Introduction to Classical Nahuatl,Amazon Kindle: Cambridge University Press, pageLoc 1408

Cornish

Alternative forms

ôn

Etymology

FromProto-Celtic*ognos,fromProto-Indo-European*h₂egʷnós(“lamb”).

Pronunciation

(Revived Middle Cornish)IPA^(key):[ɔːn]
(Revived Late Cornish)IPA^(key):[oːn]

Noun

onm(pluralen)

lamb

Crimean Tatar

**Crimean Tatar numbers^(edit)**
		100
← 1	← 9	10	11 →	20 →
		1
Cardinal:on Ordinal:onuncı Distributive:onar

Etymology

FromProto-Turkic*ōn.

Numeral

on

ten

References

“on”,inLuğatçıq(in Russian)

Czech

Etymology

InheritedfromOld Czechon,fromProto-Slavic*onъ,fromProto-Indo-European*h₁ónos.

Pronunciation

IPA^(key):[ˈon]
Audio: (file)
Rhymes:-on

Pronoun

onm

he(third person personal singular)

Declension

Declension ofon(sg-only masculine pronoun)

	singular
	stressed	clitic
nominative	on
genitive	jeho,jej,něho¹,něj¹	ho,jej
dative	jemu,němu¹	mu
accusative	jej,něj¹,jeho²,něho²	jej,ho,-ň¹
vocative	—
locative	něm¹
instrumental	jím,ním¹

¹After a preposition.
²Animate.

Derived terms

Related terms

Czech personal pronouns

		singular	plural
1st person		já	my
2nd person	familiar	ty	vy
2nd person	polite	vy	vy
3rd person	m	on	oni*
	f	ona	ony
	n	ono	ona
reflexive		sebe,se(clitic)
* animate referents only, for inanimate onesonyis used.

Dutch

Adverb

on

rarely used as shorthand foroneven(odd), the prefixon-meansnot(corresponds to Englishun-)

Estonian

Pronunciation

IPA^(key):/ˈonː/,[ˈonː](stressed)
IPA^(key):/on/,[on](unstressed)
Rhymes:-onː,-on
Hyphenation:on

Verb

on

Finnish

Pronunciation

IPA^(key):/ˈon/,[ˈo̞n]
Rhymes:-on
Syllabification^(key):on

Verb

on

third-person singular indicative presentofolla
Seontuolla.
Itisthere.

Seonollut tuolla.
Ithasbeen there.

Anagrams

no

French

Alternative forms

l’on(formal)

Etymology

InheritedfromOld Frenchhom,om(nominative form), fromLatinhomō(“human being”)(comparehommefrom the Old French oblique formhome,from the Latin accusative formhominem). Its pronominal use is ofGermanicorigin. CompareOld Englishman(“one, they, people”),reduced form ofOld Englishmann(“person”);Catalanhom;Germanman(“one, they, people”);Dutchmen(“one, they, people”).In the second sense, meaning "we", also compare the developmentMalaykita orang(“we (incl.) + person”)and also dialectalkitorang,kitong,torang.

Pronunciation

IPA^(key):/ɔ̃/,(before a vowel)/ɔ.n‿/
Audio: (file)
Homophone:ont

Pronoun

on

(indefinite)one,people,you,someone(an unspecified individual)
Synonyms:quelqu’un(in some contexts),l’on(formal)
- 2003,Natasha St. Pier,L’instant d’après(album),Quand on cherche l’amour(song)
  Quandoncherche l’amour…
  Whenonesearches for love…
Onne peut pas pêcher ici―Youcan’t fish here
(personal,informal)we
Synonym:nous(in some contexts)
- 2021,Zaz,Tout là-haut:
  Onoublie nos certitudes
  Weforget our certainties
Ons’est amusés.―Wehad fun.

Usage notes

In informal and standard conversational French,onhas almost completely replaced the pronounnous(“we”)to indicate that a sentence or clause has a first-person plural as its subject. However,nousis still favored in formal writing and speech, and is still used colloquially as a disjunctive reinforcing nominativeon,as well as to indicate direct and indirect objects. It may be used for reflexive objects, but as this is potentially ambiguous, these are also indicated with the reflexive pronounse— especially with reinforcement from disjunctivenous,which clarifies that the speaker means "we" and not "one," i.e. a generalized indefinite subject. This clarification can also be achieved by the use oftous.
On est toujours là.―We're still here.

Nous, on s’y fait.―We get used to it.

On connait tous la chanson qu’elle chante.―We all know which song she is singing.

Nous, on l’a tous vu.―We all saw it.
The verb is always conjugated in the third-person singular, but if the pronoun refers to a first-person plural, the attribute agrees in gender and number.
On est venu ici.―One came here.

On y est allés/ allées.―We went there.

On est prêts/ prêtes.―We are ready.
The variantl’onis used in more formal or literary contexts. Some use it especially afterque(que l'on) to avoid the contractionqu’on,which is homophonous with the vulgar wordcon.

Related terms

French personal pronouns

Number	Person	Gender	Nominative (subject)	Accusative (direct complement)	Dative (indirect complement)	Locative (at)	Genitive (of)	Disjunctive (tonic)
Singular	First	—	je,j’	me,m’		—	—	moi
	Second	—	tu	te,t’		—	—	toi
	Third	Masculine	il	le,l’	lui	y	en	lui
		Feminine	elle	la,l’	lui	y	en	elle
		Indeterminate	on¹	—	—	—	—	—
		Reflexive	—	se,s’⁴		—	—	soi⁴
Plural	First	—	nous	nous		—	—	nous
	Second	—	vous²	vous²^,3		—	—	vous²
	Third	Masculine	ils³	les	leur	y	en	eux³
	Third	Feminine	elles	les	leur	y	en	elles

¹Also used as the first person plural.

²Also used as the polite singular form.

³Also used when a group has both men and women.

⁴Also used as third person plural reflexive.

Descendants

→Esperanto:oni
- →Ido:onu

Anagrams

NO,nô

German

Pronunciation

Audio: (file)

Adjective

on(indeclinable,predicative only)

(Internet slang,especiallyvideo games)Clipping ofonline.
Coordinate term:off

hab lust auf ne runde zocken, kommst duon?
im down to game 4 a bit, are u comingon?

German Low German

Conjunction

on

(in several dialects, includingLow Prussian)Alternative form ofun(and)
MelkonBrot
milkandbread

Guerrero Nahuatl

Noun

on

the

Ido

Pronunciation

IPA^(key):/on/,/ɔn/

Pronoun

on

Apocopicform ofonu;one,someone,they(indefinite personal pronoun)

Interlingua

Pronoun

on

one(indefinite personal pronoun)

Japanese

Romanization

on

Rōmajitranscription ofおん

Juǀ'hoan

Pronunciation

The nasal vowelIPA^(key):/õ/

Letter

on(upper caseOn)

Aletterof the Juǀ'hoanalphabet,written in theLatin script.

Karaim

Etymology 1

FromProto-Turkic*ōn.Compare toCrimean Tataron,Karachay-Balkarон(on),Kumykон(on),Urumон(on),etc.

Numeral

on

ten

Etymology 2

FromProto-Turkic*oŋ.Compare toCrimean Tataroñ,Karachay-Balkarонг(oñ),Kumykонг(oñ),Urumон(on),etc.

Noun

on

right

References

N. A. Baskakov, S.M. Šapšala, editor (1973), “on”,inKaraimsko-Russko-Polʹskij Slovarʹ[Karaim-Russian-Polish Dictionary], Moscow: Moskva,→ISBN

Karelian

Verb

on

third-person singular indicative presentofolla

Lombard

Alternative forms

vun

Etymology

From Old Lombardun,fromLatinūnus,fromOld Latinoinos.

Pronunciation

(Milanese)IPA^(key):/un/

Article

onm(feminineona,pluraldi)

a

Middle English

Etymology 1

FromOld Englishon, an,fromProto-West Germanic*an,fromProto-Germanic*ana(“on, at”).

Preposition

on

on,in

Adverb

on

on

Alternative forms

(preposition):one,onne,hon,ane;an(before initial h or vowel);æn(Early Middle English)
(adverb):one,onne,an

Descendants

English:on
Scots:an,on
Yola:on

References

“on,prep.”,inMED Online,Ann Arbor, Mich.:University of Michigan,2007.
“on,adv.(1).”,inMED Online,Ann Arbor, Mich.:University of Michigan,2007.

Etymology 2

Numeral

on

Alternative form ofoon

Pronoun

on

Alternative form ofoon

Adverb

on

Alternative form ofoon

Determiner

on

(Early Middle English)Alternative form ofa(indefinite article)

Etymology 3

Verb

on

(Early Middle English)first/third-personsingular presentofunnen

Etymology 4

Noun

on(uncountable)

Alternative form ofwone(“course”)

Etymology 5

Noun

on(uncountable)

Alternative form ofoven

Northern Sami

Etymology

(Thisetymologyis missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at theEtymology scriptorium.)

Pronunciation

(Kautokeino)IPA^(key):/ˈoːn/

Adverb

ōn

again

Occitan

Alternative forms

ond

Pronunciation

Audio(Gascony): (file)

Adverb

on

(Gascony)where

References

Patric Guilhemjoan,Diccionari elementari occitan-francés francés-occitan (gascon),2005, Orthez, per noste, 2005,→ISBN,page 99.

Old Czech

Etymology

InheritedfromProto-Slavic*onъ,fromProto-Indo-European*h₁ónos.

Pronunciation

IPA^(key):(13^thCE)/ˈon/
IPA^(key):(15^thCE)/ˈon/

Pronoun

onmsg(third person)

he(masculine singular)

Declension

Declension of the third-person pronouns (around AD 1300)

Singular	Masculine	Feminine	Neuter
Nominative	on	ona	ono
Genitive	jeho,(j)ho,ň(e)ho	jie,nie	jeho,(j)ho,ň(e)ho
Dative	jemu,(j)mu,ňemu	jí,jiej,ní,niej	jemu,(j)mu,ňemu
Accusative	jej,jen,ji,jeho,(j)ho -ň,ňej,ňen,ni,ň(e)ho	ju,ňu	je,ňe+later masculine
Locative	ňem	ní,niej	ňem
Instrumental	jím,ním	jú,ňú	jím,ním

Possessive	jeho	(je)jie,její^later	jeho
Dual	Masculine	Feminine	Neuter
Nominative	ona	oně
Genitive	jú,ňú
Dative	jima,nima
Accusative	jě,ně	ji,ni
Locative	ňú
Instrumental	jima,nima

Possessive	(je)jú
Plural	Masculine	Feminine	Neuter
Nominative	oni	ony	ona
Genitive	jich,nich
Dative	jim,nim
Accusative	jě,ně
Locative	nich
Instrumental	jimi,nimi

Possessive	(je)jich

Descendants

Czech:on

Pronoun

on

Alternative form ofonen

References

Jan Gebauer(1903–1916) “on”,inSlovník staročeský(in Czech), Prague:Česká grafická společnost "unie",Česká akademie císaře Františka Josefa pro vědy, slovesnost a umění

Old English

Alternative forms

an,a
ᚩᚾ(ón)—Ruthwell Cross

Etymology

InheritedfromProto-West Germanic*ana,fromProto-Germanic*ana.

Pronunciation

IPA^(key):/on/

Preposition

on

on,in,at,among[withaccusativeordativeorinstrumental]
Onþæm huse
Inthe house
- late 9th century,translationofOrosius’History Against the Pagans
  ...and ðā syndon swȳþe fæġere and lustsumlīceontō sēonne...
  ...and those are very beautiful and pleasant to lookat...
- Early 11th c.,Defensor's translationofLiber Scintillarum
  ...nā besēoh þūonwīfes hiw...
  ...do not lookata woman's appearance...
on,during[withaccusative]
Onmidne winter
Inmid-winter
onto,into(to expressallativemotion or a change of state)[withaccusative]
Onþæt hus
Intothe house

Heo awende þa boconEnglisc
She translated the bookintoEnglish

Adverb

on

(with verbs of taking or depriving)from

Descendants

Middle English:an,on,one,onne,hon,ane,an(before initial h or vowel),æn(Early Middle English),one,onne,an
- English:on
- Scots:an,on
- Yola:on

Old French

Alternative forms

hon

Etymology

Seehom,om.

Pronoun

on

one(gender-neutral third-person singular pronoun)

Descendants

French:on

Old Frisian

Etymology

FromProto-West Germanic*an,fromProto-Germanic*an(“on”),fromProto-Indo-European*h₂en-(“up”).Cognates includeOld Englishon,Old SaxonanaandOld Dutchana.

Pronunciation

IPA^(key):/on/

Preposition

on

on

Descendants

North Frisian:a
Saterland Frisian:an,oun
West Frisian:oan

References

Bremmer, Rolf H. (2009)An Introduction to Old Frisian: History, Grammar, Reader, Glossary,Amsterdam: John Benjamins Publishing Company,→ISBN

Old Irish

Pronoun

on

Alternative spelling ofón

Article

on

Alternative spelling ofón

Old Polish

Etymology

InheritedfromProto-Slavic*onъ.First attested in the 14th century.

Pronunciation

IPA^(key):(10^th–15^thCE)/ɔn/
IPA^(key):(15^thCE)/ɔn/

Pronoun

on

he(foranimatenouns),it(forinanimatenouns)
this(demonstrative)

Declension

This pronoun needs aninflection-table template.

Descendants

Polish:on
Silesian:ôn

References

B. Sieradzka-Baziur,Ewa Deptuchowa, Joanna Duska, Mariusz Frodyma, Beata Hejmo, Dorota Janeczko, Katarzyna Jasińska, Krystyna Kajtoch, Joanna Kozioł, Marian Kucała, Dorota Mika, Gabriela Niemiec, Urszula Poprawska, Elżbieta Supranowicz, Ludwika Szelachowska-Winiarzowa, Zofia Wanicowa, Piotr Szpor, Bartłomiej Borek, editors (2011–2015), “on”,inSłownik pojęciowy języka staropolskiego[Conceptual Dictionary of Old Polish] (in Polish), Kraków:IJP PAN,→ISBN

Polish

Etymology

InheritedfromOld Polishon.The oblique case forms come from Proto-Slavic*jь.

Pronunciation

IPA^(key):/ˈɔn/

(Middle Polish)IPA^(key):/ˈɔn/,/ˈon/

Audio 1: (file)
Audio 2: (file)
Audio 3: (file)
Rhymes:-ɔn
Syllabification:on
Homophone:-on

Pronoun

onm(feminineona,neuterono)

he(foranimatenouns),it(forinanimatenouns)

Declension

Declension ofon

	singular
nominative	on
genitive	jego/go/niego
dative	jemu/mu/niemu
accusative	jego/go/niego
instrumental	nim
locative	nim
vocative	—

Pronoun

on

(dated,demonstrative)this

Declension

Declension ofon(irregular)

singular					plural
	masculine animate	masculine inanimate	feminine	neuter	virile (= masculine personal)	non-virile
nominative	on		ona	ono	oni	one
genitive	onego		onej	onego	onych
dative	onemu		onej	onemu	onym
accusative	onego	on	oną	ono	onych	one
instrumental	onym		oną	onym	onymi
locative	onym		onej	onym	onych

Trivia

According toSłownik frekwencyjny polszczyzny współczesnej(1990),onis one of the most used words in Polish, appearing 1477 times in scientific texts, 677 times in news, 976 times in essays, 1957 times in fiction, and 1617 times in plays, each out of a corpus of 100,000 words, totaling 6650 times, making it the 8th most common word in a corpus of 500,000 words.^[1]

References

^Ida Kurcz(1990) “on”,inSłownik frekwencyjny polszczyzny współczesnej[Frequency dictionary of the Polish language] (in Polish), volume 1, Kraków, Warszawa: Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Języka Polskiego, page333

Romani

Alternative forms

jon,jone

Pronoun

on

they^[1]^[2]^[3]

References

^Boretzky, Norbert,Igla, Birgit (1994) “on”, inWörterbuch Romani-Deutsch-Englisch für den südosteuropäischen Raum: mit einer Grammatik der Dialektvarianten[Romani-German-English dictionary for the Southern European region] (in German), Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz Verlag,→ISBN,page201a
^Marcel Courthiade (2009) “on B-ćham: len”, in Melinda Rézműves, editor,Morri angluni rromane ćhibǎqi evroputni lavustik = Első rromani nyelvű európai szótáram: cigány, magyar, angol, francia, spanyol, német, ukrán, román, horvát, szlovák, görög[My First European-Romani Dictionary: Romani, Hungarian, English, French, Spanish, German, Ukrainian, Romanian, Croatian, Slovak, Greek] (overall work in Hungarian and English), Budapest: Fővárosi Onkormányzat Cigány Ház--Romano Kher,→ISBN,page260b
^Yaron Matras and Evangelina Adamou (2020) “Romani and Contact Linguistics”, in Yaron Matras, Anton Tenser, editors,The Palgrave Handbook of Romani Language and Linguistics,→DOI,→ISBN,page341

Romansch

Alternative forms

onn(Rumantsch Grischun,Sursilvan,Surmiran)
an(Puter)

Etymology

FromLatinannus.

Noun

onm(pluralons)

(Sutsilvan,Vallader)year

Salar

Etymology

FromProto-Turkic*ōn.

Numeral

on(3rd person possessive[please provide],plural[please provide])

ten

Sedang

Etymology

FromProto-Bahnaric*ʔuɲ.Cognate withBahnarŭnhandHrêùnh.

Pronunciation

IPA^(key):/ʔɔn/

Noun

on

fire

Serbo-Croatian

Etymology

InheritedfromProto-Slavic*onъ,fromProto-Indo-European*h₁ónos.

Pronunciation

IPA^(key):/ôːn/

Pronoun

ȏn(Cyrillic spellingо̑н)

he

Declension

Inflection of 3rd-person pronouns

	Singular			Plural
	Masculine	Feminine	Neuter	Masculine	Feminine	Neuter
nominative	ȏn	òna	òno	òni	òne	òna
genitive	njȅga,ga	njȇ,je	njȅga,ga	njȋh,ih	njȋh,ih	njȋh,ih
dative	njȅmu,mu	njȏj,joj	njȅmu,mu	njȉma,im	njȉma,im	njȉma,im
accusative	njȅga,ga,nj	njȗ,ju,je	njȅga,ga,nj	njȋh,ih	njȋh,ih	njȋh,ih
vocative	—	—	—	—	—	—
locative	njȅm,njȅmu	njȏj	njȅm,njȅmu	njȉma	njȉma	njȉma
instrumental	njȋm,njíme	njȏm,njóme	njȋm,njíme	njȉma	njȉma	njȉma

Slovak

Etymology

InheritedfromProto-Slavic*onъ,fromProto-Indo-European*h₁ónos;inflected forms fromProto-Slavic*jь,fromProto-Indo-European*éy.

Pronunciation

IPA^(key):/ɔn/

Pronoun

onm

he,it(third-person singular pronoun)

Declension

Declension ofon

	singulare tantum
nominative	on
genitive	ho／jeho／neho
dative	mu／jemu／nemu
accusative	ho／jeho／neho
locative	ňom
instrumental	ním

Related terms

Slovak personal pronouns

		substantive		possessive
		singular	plural	singular	plural
1st person		ja	my	môj	náš
2nd person	familiar	ty	vy	tvoj	váš
2nd person	polite	vy		váš
3rd person	m	on	oni*／ony	jeho	ich
	f	ona		jej
	n	ono		jeho
reflexive		seba,sa(clitic)		svoj
* masculine animate only,onyotherwise.

Slovene

Etymology

FromProto-Slavic*onъ,fromProto-Indo-European*h₁ónos.

Pronunciation

IPA^(key):/ɔ́n/

Pronoun

ȍn

he
(obsolete)onkanjeform^{[→SS, p. 389]}

Usage notes

The second binding singular form (-enj) is used when the prefix ends in a consonant:

zȃnj(za-+-nj)
skọ̑zenj(skoz-+-enj)

Inflection

Fourth masculine declension (adjectival endings, animate), fixed accent, highly irregular Stressed ( "naglasne") forms
nominative imenovȃlnik	ȍn	ónadva,onȃdva	óni,onȋ
genitive rodȋlnik	njéga	njȋju,njȉh,njȗ	njȉh
dative dajȃlnik	njému	njȋma	njȉm
accusative tožȋlnik	njéga	njȋju,njȉh,njȗ	njȉh,njẹ̑
locative mẹ̑stnik	njém,njému	njȋju,njȉh	njȉh
instrumental orọ̑dnik	njím	njȋma	njȋmi
(vocative) (ogȏvorni imenovȃlnik)	ȍn	ȏnadva,onȃdva	ȏni,onȋ

Unstressed ( "naslonske") forms
	singular	dual	plural
genitive rodȋlnik	ga	ju,jih	jih
dative dajȃlnik	mu	jima	jim
accusative tožȋlnik	ga	ju	jih

Binding ( "navezne/predložne") accusative forms
	singular	dual	plural
unstressed	-nj,-ənj	-nju	-nje
stressed	–	–	njẹ̑,njȉh

Anagrams

No.,No,no.,Nº,no,NO,N.O.

Southeastern Tepehuan

Etymology

FromProto-Uto-Aztecan*ona.

Noun

on

salt

References

R. de Willett, Elizabeth, et al. (2016)Diccionario tepehuano de Santa María Ocotán, Durango(Serie de vocabularios y diccionarios indígenas “Mariano Silva y Aceves”;48)‎^[6](in Spanish), electronic edition,Instituto Lingüístico de Verano, A.C.,page140

Swedish

Noun

on

indefinite pluralofo

Anagrams

NO,no.

Tagalog

Etymology

BorrowedfromEnglishon.

Pronunciation

(Standard Tagalog)IPA^(key):/ˈʔon/[ˈʔon̪]
Rhymes:-on
Syllabification:on

Adjective

on(Baybayin spellingᜂᜈ᜔)

(slang)in arelationshipwith someone

Derived terms

mag-on

Anagrams

no,'no

Turkish

**Turkish numbers^(edit)**
		100
← 1	← 9	10	11 →	20 →
		1
Cardinal:on Ordinal:onuncu Distributive:onar

Etymology

InheritedfromOttoman Turkishاون(on),fromProto-Turkic*ōn(“ten”).CompareOld Turkic𐰆𐰣(un¹/⁠on⁠/,“ten”).

Pronunciation

IPA^(key):/on/
Audio: (file)

Numeral

on

ten

Declension

Inflection
Nominative	on
Definite accusative	onu
	Singular	Plural
Nominative	on	onlar
Definite accusative	onu	onları
Dative	ona	onlara
Locative	onda	onlarda
Ablative	ondan	onlardan
Genitive	onun	onların

Turkmen

Etymology

FromProto-Turkic*ōn(“ten”).

Numeral

**Turkmen cardinal numbers**
< 9	10	11 >
Cardinal:on Ordinal:onunji

on

ten

Venetan

Article

onmsg

a,an

Usage notes

Variant ofun

Volapük

Etymology

Borrowed fromFrenchon.

Pronoun

on

it
(obsolete,indefinite personal pronoun)one

Declension

declension ofon

	singular	plural
nominative	on	ons
genitive	ona	onas
dative	one	ones
accusative	oni	onis

Votic

Pronunciation

(Luutsa, Liivtšülä)IPA^(key):/ˈon/,[ˈon]
Rhymes:-on
Hyphenation:on

Verb

on

third-person singular indicative presentofõllõ

Walloon

Alternative forms

onk

Etymology

FromLatinūnum.

Pronunciation

IPA^(key):/ɔ̃/

Article

on(masculine before a vowel:in-,feminine:ine)

an,a
ontchin―adog

in-åbe―atree

ineminte―alie

Numeral

on

one

Yola

Alternative forms

an
ana(before consonant)
a(unstressed)

Etymology

FromMiddle Englishon, an,fromOld Englishon.

Pronunciation

IPA^(key):/ɔn/,/an/,/anə/,/ə/

Preposition

on

on
- 1867,“THE WEDDEEN O BALLYMORE”, inSONGS, ETC. IN THE DIALECT OF FORTH AND BARGY,number 1, page94:
  An a priesth o' pariesheonhis lhaung-tyel garraane.
  And the priest of the parishonhis long tail pony.
- 1867,“THE WEDDEEN O BALLYMORE”, inSONGS, ETC. IN THE DIALECT OF FORTH AND BARGY,number 2, page94:
  An a priesth o pariesheonhis garrane baun,
  The priest of the parishonhis white pony,
- 1867,“CASTEALE CUDDE'S LAMENTATION”, inSONGS, ETC. IN THE DIALECT OF FORTH AND BARGY,number 5, page104:
  Mizluck mye lhygtonTam Busheare;
  Bad luck may lightonTom Busheare;
- 1867,DR. RUSSELL ON THE INHABITANTS AND DIALECT OF THE BARONY OF FORTH,page131:
  Fad didn'st thou cum t' ouzonzum other dey?
  [Why didn't you come to usonsome other day?]

References

Jacob Poole (d. 1827) (before 1828) William Barnes, editor,A Glossary, With some Pieces of Verse, of the old Dialect of the English Colony in the Baronies of Forth and Bargy, County of Wexford, Ireland,London: J. Russell Smith, published1867,page94

[1] Starostin, Sergei,Dybo, Anna,Mudrak, Oleg(2003) “*ōn”, inEtymological dictionary of the Altaic languages(Handbuch der Orientalistik; VIII.8)‎^[1],Leiden, New York, Köln: E.J. Brill

[2] Ida Kurcz(1990) “on”,inSłownik frekwencyjny polszczyzny współczesnej[Frequency dictionary of the Polish language] (in Polish), volume 1, Kraków, Warszawa: Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Języka Polskiego, page333

[3] Boretzky, Norbert,Igla, Birgit (1994) “on”, inWörterbuch Romani-Deutsch-Englisch für den südosteuropäischen Raum: mit einer Grammatik der Dialektvarianten[Romani-German-English dictionary for the Southern European region] (in German), Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz Verlag,→ISBN,page201a

[4] Marcel Courthiade (2009) “on B-ćham: len”, in Melinda Rézműves, editor,Morri angluni rromane ćhibǎqi evroputni lavustik = Első rromani nyelvű európai szótáram: cigány, magyar, angol, francia, spanyol, német, ukrán, román, horvát, szlovák, görög[My First European-Romani Dictionary: Romani, Hungarian, English, French, Spanish, German, Ukrainian, Romanian, Croatian, Slovak, Greek] (overall work in Hungarian and English), Budapest: Fővárosi Onkormányzat Cigány Ház--Romano Kher,→ISBN,page260b

[5] Yaron Matras and Evangelina Adamou (2020) “Romani and Contact Linguistics”, in Yaron Matras, Anton Tenser, editors,The Palgrave Handbook of Romani Language and Linguistics,→DOI,→ISBN,page341

[1]

[1]

[1]

[2]

[3]

Number	Person	Gender	Nominative	Accusative	Dative	Locative	Ablative	Instrumental	Possessive
Singular	First	—	me	man	manqe	manθe	manθar	mança	miro,-i,-e
	Second	—	tu	tut	tuqe	tuθe	tuθar	tuça	tiro,-i,-e
	Reflexive third	—	—	pes	pesqe	pesθe	pesθar	peça	pesqero,-i,-e
	Third	Masculine	ov	les	lesqe	lesθe	lesθar	leça	lesqero,-i,-e
	Third	Feminine	oj	la	laqe	laθe	laθar	laça	laqero,-i,-e
Plural	First	—	amen		amenqe	amenθe	amenθar	amença	amaro,-i,-e
	Second	—	tumen		tumenqe	tumenθe	tumenθar	tumença	tumaro,-i,-e
	Reflexive third	—	—	pen	penqe	penθe	penθar	pença	penqero,-i,-e
	Third	—	on	len	lenqe	lenθe	lenθar	lença	lenqero,-i,-e

Number	Person	Gender	Nominative	Accusative (long and short forms)	Dative	Locative	Ablative	Instrumental	Possessive
Singular	First	—	me	man, ma	mánge	mánde	mándar	mánsa	múrrom,múrrif,múrrepl
	Second	—	tu	tut,tu	túke	túte	tútar	túsa	tírom,tírif,tírepl
	Reflexive third	—	—	pês,pe	pêske	pêste	pêstar	pêsa	pêskom,pêskif,pêskepl
	Third	Masculine	wo	lês,le	lêske	lêste	lêstar	lêsa	lêskom,lêskif,lêskepl
	Third	Feminine	woi	la,la	láke	láte	látar	lása	lákom,lákif,lákepl
Plural	First	—	ame	amên,ame	amênge	amênde	amêndar	amênsa	amárom,amárif,amárepl
	Second	—	tume	tumên,tume	tumênge	tumênde	tumêndar	tumênsa	tumárom,tumárif,tumárepl
	Reflexive third	—	—	pên,pe	pênge	pênde	pêndar	pênsa	pêngom,pêngif,pêngepl
	Third	—	won	lên,le	lênge	lênde	lêndar	lênsa	lêngom,lêngif,lêngepl

			singular	dual	plural
1st person		m	jaz	midva	mi
1st person		forn	jaz	medve,midve	me

2nd person	familiar tikanje	m	ti	vidva	vi
2nd person	familiar tikanje	forn	ti	vedve,vidve	ve

3rd person		m	on	onadva	oni
		f	ona	onedve,onidve	one
		n	ono	onedve,onidve	ona

Polite forms(not differentiated in dual and plural)					singular
polite vikanje– instead of 2nd person, binds with forms for 2rd person plural masculine					vi,Vi
very polite onikanje– instead of 2nd or 3rd person, binds with forms for 3rd person plural masculine (archaic)					oni
hyper polite onokanje– instead of 2nd person, binds with forms for 3rd person singular neuter (obsolete)					ono
patriarchal onkanje– instead of 2nd person, binds with forms for 3rd person singular masculine (obsolete)					on

		Singular			Plural
		Nominative	Possessive		Nominative	Possessive
		Nominative	Singular	Plural	Nominative	Singular	Plural
First person		me	mea	mei	ni	nia	nii
Second person	Formal	vu	vua	vui	vi	via	vii
Second person	Familiar	tu	tua	tui	vi	via	vii
Third person	Masculine	ilu,il	ilua	ilui	ili	ilia	ilii
	Feminine	elu,el	elua	elui	eli	elia	elii
	Neuter	olu,ol	olua	olui	oli	olia	olii
	Common	lu	lua	lui	li	lia	lii
	Reflexive	su	sua	sui	su	sua	sui
Indefinite		onu,on	onua	onui	onu,on	onua	onui
Notes
The possessive plurals are seldom used.
The shortened forms are preferred.
The pangendered forms are preferred to the gendered or neuter forms in most scenarios.

on

English

Pronunciation

Etymology 1

Adjective

Synonyms

Translations

Adverb

Synonyms

Antonyms

Translations

Preposition

Synonyms

Derived terms

Related terms

Translations

Verb

Etymology 2

Alternative forms

Preposition

Usage notes

Etymology 3

Noun

Related terms

See also

References

Anagrams

Azerbaijani

Etymology

Pronunciation

Numeral

References

Basque

Etymology

Pronunciation

Adjective

Declension

Further reading

Catalan

Alternative forms

Etymology

Pronunciation

Adverb

References

Central Franconian

Alternative forms

Etymology

Pronunciation

Conjunction

Classical Nahuatl

Pronoun

Related terms

References

Cornish

Alternative forms

Etymology

Pronunciation

Noun

Crimean Tatar

Etymology

Numeral

References

Czech

Etymology

Pronunciation

Pronoun

Declension

Derived terms

Related terms

Further reading

Dutch

Adverb

Estonian

Pronunciation

Verb

Finnish

Pronunciation

Verb

Anagrams

French