on

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English

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Pronunciation

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Etymology 1

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    FromMiddle Englishon,fromOld Englishon,an(on, upon, onto, in, into),fromProto-West Germanic*ana,fromProto-Germanic*ana(on, at),fromProto-Indo-European*h₂en-.

    Cognate withNorth Frisiana(on, in),Saterland Frisianan(on, at),West Frisianoan(on, at),Dutchaan(on, at, to),Low Germanan(on, at),Germanan(to, at, on),Swedishå(on, at, in),Faroeseá(on, onto, in, at),Icelandicá(on, in),Gothic𐌰𐌽𐌰(ana),Ancient Greekἀνά(aná,up, upon),Albanian(in);and fromOld Norseupp á:Danish,Swedish,Norwegian,seeupon.

    Adjective

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    on(notcomparable)

    1. In the state of beingactive,functioningoroperating.
      Antonym:off
      All the lights areon,so they must be home.
    2. Happening;taking place;being or due to be put into action.
      We had to ration our food because there was a waron.
      Some of the cast went down with flu, but the show's stillon.
      That TV programme that you wanted to watch isonnow.
      This is her last song. You'reonnext!
      Are we stillonfor tonight?
      Mike just threw coffee onto Paul's lap. It'sonnow.
      England need a hundred runs, with twenty-five overs remaining. Gameon!
      1. (informal)Of a person, used to express agreement to or acceptance of a proposal or challenge made by that person; most commonly with subject "you" (seeyou're on).
        "Five bucks says the Cavs win tonight." ― "You'reon!"
        If he wants a fight, he'son!
    3. Fitted; covering or being worn.
      Your feet will soon warm up once your socks areon.
      I was trying to drink out of the bottle while the top was stillon!
    4. (postpositive)Of a stated part of something, oriented towards the viewer or other specified direction.
      The photograph shows the UFO sideon.
      edgeon,sideon,endon,faceon
    5. (chieflyUK,informal,usually negative)Acceptable, appropriate.
      You can't do that; it's just noton.
      • 1998May 22, Phoenix Gamma, “If I was owned Nintendo...”, inalt.games.video.nintendo-64(Usenet):
        This kind of over-packaging of goods is completely noton.
      • 2003August 12, DAB sounds worse than FM, “Gerg Dyke's Speech at Radio Festival”, inalt.radio.digital(Usenet):
        so Simon Nelson saying on Feedback "we'd prefer it if everybody listened to digital radio via DAB" is completely notonat all.
    6. (often negative)Possible; capable of being successfully carried out.
      He'd like to play the red next to the black spot, but that shot isn'ton.
    7. (Can weverify(+)this sense?)(informal)Destined;involved,doomed.
    8. (baseball,informal)Having reached abaseas arunnerand being positioned there, awaiting further action from a subsequent batter.
      • 2019February 24, Chris Kennedy, “Aggies Earn Series Win Over Yale in Sunday Finale”, inNew Mexico State University Athletics[2]:
        With one out and no menon,Tristen Carranza belted a ball to the opposite field for a solo home run to put the NM State deficit at just 2-1.
      • 2019April 6, Daniel Martinez-Krams, “Baseball Falls Short in Game 2 of UCLA Series”, inThe Stanford Daily[3]:
        Although Stanford was outhit 15-6, the Cardinal stranded eight runners to UCLA's three, hitting just 3-15 with runnersoncompared to the Bruin's 9-22.
    9. (cricket)Within thehalfof thefieldon the same side as thebatsman'slegs;theleftside for aright-handedbatsman.
      Synonym:legAntonym:off
      The captain moved two fielders to theonside.
      Ponsonby-Smythe hit a thumpingondrive.
    10. (snooker,postpositive)Of a ball, being the next in sequence to be potted, according to the rules of the game.
      If the player fails to hit the ballon,it's a foul.
    11. (acting,drama,roleplaying games)Actingin character.
    12. (informal,of a person)Performative or funny in a wearying manner.
      He always has to beon,it's so exhausting.
    13. (euphemistic)Menstruating.
      • 2011,Hollie Smith Netmums,You and Your Tween: Managing the years from 9 to 13,Hachette,→ISBN:
        It still gets in the way of her doing things like swimming, and she avoids sleepovers when she's "on".
    Synonyms
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    • (baseball: positioned at a base):onbase(not informal)
    Translations
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    Adverb

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    on(notcomparable)

    For idiomatic meanings of phrasal verbs, such ascarry on,hang on,have on,try on,etc., please see the individual entries.

    1. To anoperatingstate.
      turn thetelevisionon
    2. So as to cover or be fitted.
      The lid wasn't screwedonproperly.
      Putonyour hat and gloves.
    3. Along, forwards (continuing an action).
      driveon,rockon
      • 2012May 5, Phil McNulty, “Chelsea 2-1 Liverpool”, inBBC Sport[4]:
        He met Luis Suarez's cross at the far post, only for Chelsea keeper Petr Cech to show brilliant reflexes to deflect his header on to the bar. Carroll turned away to lead Liverpool's insistent protests that the ball had crossed the line but referee Phil Dowd and assistant referee Andrew Garratt waved playon,with even a succession of replays proving inconclusive.
    4. In continuation, at length.
      and soon
      He rambledonandon.
    5. (obsolete in the US)Later.
      Ten yearson,nothing had changed in the village.
    6. Of betting odds, denoting a better-than-even chance.See alsoodds-on.
      Antonym:against
      That horse is twenty-to-oneon,so you need to stake twenty pounds just to win one pound.
    Synonyms
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    Antonyms
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    • (antonym(s) ofactive, functioning, operating):off
    • (antonym(s) ofto an operating state):off
    Translations
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    Preposition

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    Agreen pepperon(with its position being the upper surface of) a box

    on

    1. Positioned at theuppersurface of,touchingfromabove.
      A vase of flowers stoodonthe table.
      Please lie downonthe couch.
      The parrot was sittingonJim's shoulder.
    2. Positioned at or resting against the outer surface of; attached to.
      He had a scaronthe side of his face.
      There is a dirty smudgeonthis window.
      The painting hangsonthe wall.
      The fruit ripenedonthe trees.
    3. Covering.
      He wore old shoesonhis feet.
    4. Expressing figurative placement, burden, or attachment.
      All of the responsibility isonhim.
      I put a betonthe winning horse.
    5. Denoting physical contact or interaction with an object, such as impact or application of force.
      1. With verbs describing an action of pushing, pulling, pressing, etc., designates the thing to which force is applied.
        tugonthe rope;push hardonthe door
      2. With verbs describing an action of hitting, rubbing, scratching, binding against, etc., designates the thing impacted or contacted.
        I stubbed my toeonan old tree stump.
        I caught my fingernailonthe door handle.
        The rope snaggedona branch.
      3. Denoting performance or action by contact with the surface, upper part, or outside of anything;hence, by means of; with.
        to playona violin or piano
    6. At or in (a certain region or location).
      The lighthouse that you can see isonthe mainland.
      The suspect is thought to still beonthe campus.
      1. Denoting relative position or position within the whole.
        We liveonthe edge of the city.
        onthe left,onthe right,onthe side,onthe bottom
      2. (UK)To be ranked thusly.
        The Tories areontwenty-five percent in this constituency.
    7. Near; adjacent to; alongside; just off.
      The fleet isonthe American coast.
    8. Supportedby (the specified part of itself).
      A table can't standontwo legs.
      After restingonhis elbows, he stoodonhis toes, then walkedonhis heels.
    9. Aboard (a mode of transport, especially public transport, or transport that one sits astride or uses while standing).
      ona bus,ona train,ona plane,ona ferry,ona yacht
      ona bicycle,ona motorbike,ona horse,ona scooter
    10. At thedateordayof.
      Bornonthe 4th of July.
      OnSunday I'm busy. I'll see youonMonday.
      Can I see youona different day?
    11. (UK,especially in sports reporting)At a given time after the start of something;at.
      Smith scored againontwelve minutes, doubling Mudchester Rovers' lead.
      • 2011September 24, Aled Williams, “Chelsea 4-1 Swansea”,inBBC Sport:
        The Spain striker had given Chelsea the leadon29 minutes but was shown a straight red card 10 minutes later for a rash challenge on Mark Gower.
    12. Dealingwith thesubjectof;about;concerning.
      I was reading a bookonhistory.
      The city hosted the World Summitonthe Information Society
      I have no opiniononthis subject.
      • 1869May, Anthony Trollope, “Lady Milborough as Ambassador”, inHe Knew He Was Right,volume I, London: Strahan and Company,[],→OCLC,page85:
        [...] I received a note from that gentlemanona most trivial matter. I answered it as trivially.
    13. (informal)In the possession of.
      I haven't got any moneyonme.
    14. Because of; due to; upon the basis of (something not yet confirmed as true).
      to arrest someoneonsuspicion of bribery
      to contact someoneona hunch
    15. (also often 'upon')At the time of (and often because of).
      OnJack's entry, William got up to leave.
      Onthe addition of ammonia, a chemical reaction begins.
    16. (also often 'upon')Arrived or coming into the presence of.
      I need to get my planting done, as the season will soon beonus.
      Before we knew it, the forest wasonus, and the air grew colder and damper.
    17. Paid for by.
      The drinks areonme tonight, boys.
      The meal isonthe house.
      I paid for the airfare and meals for my family, but the hotel room wasonthe company.
    18. Indicating a means or medium.
      I saw itontelevision.
      Can't you see I'monthe phone?
      My favorite shows areonBBC America.
      The Beatles' appearanceontheEd Sullivan ShowisonYouTube.
      The film was releasedonDVD.
    19. Indicating the target of, or thing affected by, an event or action.
      They planned an attackonLondon.
      The soldiers mutinied and turned their gunsontheir officers.
      Her words made a lasting impressiononmy mind.
      What will be the effectonmorale?
    20. Toward; for;indicating the object of an emotion.
      Have pity or compassiononhim.
    21. (especiallyIreland)Indicating the person experiencing an emotion, cold, thirst, hunger, etc.
      • 2013February 27, Rosemary Sutcliff,The Shining Company,Random House,→ISBN:
        '[]the hunger isonme to carry my sword in distant places.' Mynyddog bowed his head.
      • 2017January 24, Ruth Gilligan,Nine Folds Make a Paper Swan,Tin House Books,→ISBN:
        “Christ, the thirstonme.” “Sure, it's serious work, all that talk of independence.” The theater's stained-glass doors had first flung open in 1904, all in the hope of “rewriting the Irish identity,” of using culture in the fight[]
      • 2017August 29, Ralph Peters,Judgment at Appomattox: A Novel,Forge Books,→ISBN,page18:
        “I've got the hungeronme, I do.” Riordan snorted. Hardly a man knew hunger as he did. The prison rations at Point Lookout, spare enough, had been a feast compared to the black years in Ireland.[]
    22. Indicating the position that one has reached in a sequence.
      I'monquestion four.
    23. Indicating a means of subsistence.
      They livedonten dollars a week.
      The dog survived three weeksonrainwater.
    24. Engaged in or occupied with (an action or activity).
      He'sonhis lunch break.
      I'monnights all this week.
      onvacation;onholiday;ona mission;onthe job;onthe fiddle
    25. Regularly taking (a drug).
      You've beenonthese antidepressants far too long.
    26. Under the influence of (a drug, or something that is causing drug-like effects).
      He's acting crazy because he'soncrack right now.
    27. In addition to; besides; indicating multiplication or succession in a series.
      heapsonheaps of food
      mischiefonmischief; lossonloss
    28. Indicating dependence or reliance.
      I dependedonthem for assistance.
      He will promiseoncertain conditions.
    29. Serving as amemberof.
      He isonthe jury; I amonthe committee.
    30. By virtue of; with the pledge of.
      He affirmed or promisedonhis word, oronhis honour.
      1. (informal,chiefly inset phrases)EllipsisofIswearon:on my life,on God,on everything,etc.
    31. To the account or detriment of; denoting imprecation or invocation, or coming to, falling, or resting upon.
      Onus be all the blame.
      A curseonhim!
      Please don't tellonher and get her in trouble.
      He turnedonher and has been her enemy ever since.
      He went all honestonme, making me listen to his confession.
    32. (especially when numbers of combatants or competitors are specified)Against; in opposition to.
      The fight was threeonone, and he never stood a chance.
    33. (philosophy,logic)According to, from the standpoint of; expressing what must follow, whether accepted or not, if a given premise or system is assumed true.
      • 2021,Gavin Ortlund,Why God Makes Sense in a World That Doesn't: The Beauty of Christian Theism,Grand Rapids, MI: Baker Academic,→ISBN:
        Onnaturalism, it is therefore difficult to find a ground for ultimate moral hope.
    34. (snooker)In a position of being able to pot (a given ball).
      All the way around the table, off four cushions, and... and he'sonthe black!
    35. (mathematics)Having as identicaldomainandcodomain.
      a functionon
    36. (mathematics)HavingasdomainandVascodomain,for the specified setVand some integern.
      an operatoron
    37. (mathematics)Generatedby.
      the free grouponfour letters
    38. (mathematics,uncommon)Dividedby.
      Synonym:over
      Twentyonthree.
    39. (obsoleteordialect,regional)Of.
      I never seen 'im, and that's the truthonit.
    40. (obsolete)At the peril of, or for the safety of.
      • a.1701(date written), John Dryden, “The First Book ofHomer’sIlias”,inThe Miscellaneous Works of John Dryden,[],volume IV, London:[]J[acob]and R[ichard]Tonson,[],published1760,→OCLC,page415:
        Henceonthy life: the captive maid is mine; / Whom not for price or pray'rs I will reſign: [...]
    Synonyms
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    Derived terms
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    Translations
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    The translations below need to be checked and inserted above into the appropriate translation tables. See instructions atWiktionary:Entry layout § Translations.

    Verb

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    on(third-person singular simple presentons,present participleoningoronning,simple past and past participleonedoronned)

    1. (Singapore,Philippines,Malaysia,Nigeria,transitive,colloquial)Toswitch on.
      Synonym:turn on
      Can youonthe light?

    Etymology 2

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    FromOld Norseón,án(without),fromProto-Germanic*ēnu,*ēno,*ino(without),fromProto-Indo-European*ḗnu(without).Cognate withNorth Frisianon(without),Middle Dutchan,on(without),Middle Low Germanāne(without),Germanohne(without),Gothic𐌹𐌽𐌿(inu,without, except).

    Unlikely to be related to Ancient Greekἄνευ(áneu,without),which likely akin to Proto-Germanic*sundrazinstead (whencesunder).

    Alternative forms

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    Preposition

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    on

    1. (UKdialectal,Scotland)Without.(Can we add anexamplefor this sense?)
    Usage notes
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    • Usually followed by a present participle, asbeing,having,etc.

    Etymology 3

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    FromJapaneseÂm đọc み(on'yomi,literallysound reading).

    Noun

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    on

    1. In the Japanese language, a pronunciation, or reading, of akanjicharacter that was originally based on the character's pronunciation in Chinese, contrasted withkun.
      Most kanji have two kinds of reading, called "on" and "kun".
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    See also

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    • on dit(etymologically unrelated)

    References

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    • on”,inOneLook Dictionary Search.

    Anagrams

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    Azerbaijani

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    Azerbaijani numbers(edit)
    100
    ← 1 ← 9 10 11 → 20 →
    1
    Cardinal:on
    Ordinal:onuncu

    Etymology

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    FromProto-Turkic*ōn(ten).[1]Cognate withOld Turkic𐰆𐰣(on,ten).

    Pronunciation

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    Numeral

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    Other scripts
    Cyrillic он
    Abjad اوْن

    on

    1. ten

    References

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    1. ^Starostin, Sergei,Dybo, Anna,Mudrak, Oleg(2003) “*ōn”, inEtymological dictionary of the Altaic languages(Handbuch der Orientalistik; VIII.8)‎[1],Leiden, New York, Köln: E.J. Brill

    Basque

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    Etymology

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    FromProto-Basque*bon.

    Pronunciation

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    Adjective

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    on(comparativehobe,superlativeonenorhoberen,excessiveonegi)

    1. good
    2. useful,convenient

    Declension

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    Further reading

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    • on”,inEuskaltzaindiaren Hiztegia[Dictionary of the Basque Academy],Euskaltzaindia
    • on”,inOrotariko Euskal Hiztegia[General Basque Dictionary],Euskaltzaindia,1987–2005

    Catalan

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    Alternative forms

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    Etymology

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    InheritedfromOld Catalanon(whence),fromLatinunde(whence).CompareOccitanont,Old Frenchont(Frenchdont),Spanishonde.

    Pronunciation

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    Adverb

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    on

    1. where

    References

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    Central Franconian

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    Alternative forms

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    • un(widely in free variation)
    • en(some western dialects)

    Etymology

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    The native form in most dialects wasOld High Germanindi,whence the varianten.In parts of the Eifel, thisindiregularly becomeson(compareLuxembourgishan). In southern and eastern dialects, on the other hand,onmay have been inherited from the Old High German variantunde(unti). From these two groups of dialects, the form will have spread, without doubt under influence ofGermanund.

    Pronunciation

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    Conjunction

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    on

    1. and
      SalzonPäfer
      saltandpepper

    Classical Nahuatl

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    Pronoun

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    on, ōn

    1. (demonstrative)that;those
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    References

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    • Michel Launey with Christopher Mackay (2011)An Introduction to Classical Nahuatl,Amazon Kindle: Cambridge University Press, pageLoc 1408

    Cornish

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    Alternative forms

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    Etymology

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    FromProto-Celtic*ognos,fromProto-Indo-European*h₂egʷnós(lamb).

    Pronunciation

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    Noun

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    onm(pluralen)

    1. lamb

    Crimean Tatar

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    Crimean Tatar numbers(edit)
    100
    ← 1 ← 9 10 11 → 20 →
    1
    Cardinal:on
    Ordinal:onuncı
    Distributive:onar

    Etymology

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    FromProto-Turkic*ōn.

    Numeral

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    on

    1. ten

    References

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    Czech

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    Etymology

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    InheritedfromOld Czechon,fromProto-Slavic*onъ,fromProto-Indo-European*h₁ónos.

    Pronunciation

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    Pronoun

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    onm

    1. he(third person personal singular)

    Declension

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    Derived terms

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    Further reading

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    • on”,inPříruční slovník jazyka českého(in Czech),1935–1957
    • on”,inSlovník spisovného jazyka českého(in Czech),1960–1971, 1989
    • on”,inInternetová jazyková příručka(in Czech)

    Dutch

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    Adverb

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    on

    1. rarely used as shorthand foroneven(odd), the prefixon-meansnot(corresponds to Englishun-)

    Estonian

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    Pronunciation

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    Verb

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    on

    1. third-personsingularpresentindicativeofolema
    2. third-personpluralpresentindicativeofolema

    Finnish

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    Pronunciation

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    Verb

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    on

    1. third-personsingularindicativepresentofolla
      Seontuolla.
      Itisthere.
      Seonollut tuolla.
      Ithasbeen there.

    Anagrams

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    French

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    Alternative forms

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    Etymology

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    InheritedfromOld Frenchhom,om(nominative form), fromLatinhomō(human being)(comparehommefrom the Old French oblique formhome,from the Latin accusative formhominem). Its pronominal use is ofGermanicorigin. CompareOld Englishman(one, they, people),reduced form ofOld Englishmann(person);Catalanhom;Germanman(one, they, people);Dutchmen(one, they, people).In the second sense, meaning "we", also compare the developmentMalaykita orang(we (incl.) + person)and also dialectalkitorang,kitong,torang.

    Pronunciation

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    Pronoun

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    on

    1. (indefinite)one,people,you,someone(an unspecified individual)
      Synonyms:quelqu’un(in some contexts),l’on(formal)
      • 2003,Natasha St. Pier,L’instant d’après(album),Quand on cherche l’amour(song)
        Quandoncherche l’amour…
        Whenonesearches for love…
      Onne peut pas pêcher iciYoucan’t fish here
    2. (personal,informal)we
      Synonym:nous(in some contexts)
      • 2021,Zaz,Tout là-haut:
        Onoublie nos certitudes
        Weforget our certainties
      Ons’est amusés.Wehad fun.

    Usage notes

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    • In informal and standard conversational French,onhas almost completely replaced the pronounnous(we)to indicate that a sentence or clause has a first-person plural as its subject. However,nousis still favored in formal writing and speech, and is still used colloquially as a disjunctive reinforcing nominativeon,as well as to indicate direct and indirect objects. It may be used for reflexive objects, but as this is potentially ambiguous, these are also indicated with the reflexive pronounse— especially with reinforcement from disjunctivenous,which clarifies that the speaker means "we" and not "one," i.e. a generalized indefinite subject. This clarification can also be achieved by the use oftous.
      On est toujours là.We're still here.
      Nous, on s’y fait.We get used to it.
      On connait tous la chanson qu’elle chante.We all know which song she is singing.
      Nous, on l’a tous vu.We all saw it.
    • The verb is always conjugated in the third-person singular, but if the pronoun refers to a first-person plural, the attribute agrees in gender and number.
      On est venu ici.One came here.
      On y est allés/ allées.We went there.
      On est prêts/ prêtes.We are ready.
    • The variantl’onis used in more formal or literary contexts. Some use it especially afterque(que l'on) to avoid the contractionqu’on,which is homophonous with the vulgar wordcon.
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    Descendants

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    • Esperanto:oni
      • Ido:onu

    Further reading

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    Anagrams

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    German

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    Pronunciation

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    Adjective

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    on(indeclinable,predicative only)

    1. (Internetslang,especiallyvideo games)Clipping ofonline.
      Coordinate term:off
      hab lust auf ne runde zocken, kommst duon?
      im down to game 4 a bit, are u comingon?

    German Low German

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    Conjunction

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    on

    1. (in several dialects, includingLow Prussian)Alternative form ofun(and)
      MelkonBrot
      milkandbread

    Guerrero Nahuatl

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    Noun

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    on

    1. the

    Ido

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    Pronunciation

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    Pronoun

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    on

    1. Apocopicform ofonu;one,someone,they(indefinite personal pronoun)

    See also

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    Interlingua

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    Pronoun

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    on

    1. one(indefinite personal pronoun)

    Japanese

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    Romanization

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    on

    1. Rōmajitranscription ofおん

    Juǀ'hoan

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    Pronunciation

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    Letter

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    on(upper caseOn)

    1. Aletterof the Juǀ'hoanalphabet,written in theLatin script.

    Karaim

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    Etymology 1

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    FromProto-Turkic*ōn.Compare toCrimean Tataron,Karachay-Balkarон(on),Kumykон(on),Urumон(on),etc.

    Numeral

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    on

    1. ten

    Etymology 2

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    FromProto-Turkic*oŋ.Compare toCrimean Tatar,Karachay-Balkarонг(),Kumykонг(),Urumон(on),etc.

    Noun

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    on

    1. right

    References

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    N. A. Baskakov, S.M. Šapšala, editor (1973), “on”,inKaraimsko-Russko-Polʹskij Slovarʹ[Karaim-Russian-Polish Dictionary], Moscow: Moskva,→ISBN

    Karelian

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    Verb

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    on

    1. third-personsingularindicativepresentofolla

    Lombard

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    Alternative forms

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    Etymology

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    From Old Lombardun,fromLatinūnus,fromOld Latinoinos.

    Pronunciation

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    Article

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    onm(feminineona,pluraldi)

    1. a

    Middle English

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    Etymology 1

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      FromOld Englishon, an,fromProto-West Germanic*an,fromProto-Germanic*ana(on, at).

      Preposition

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      on

      1. on,in

      Adverb

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      on

      1. on
      Alternative forms
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      Descendants
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      References

      [edit]

      Etymology 2

      [edit]

      Numeral

      [edit]

      on

      1. Alternative form ofoon

      Pronoun

      [edit]

      on

      1. Alternative form ofoon

      Adverb

      [edit]

      on

      1. Alternative form ofoon

      Determiner

      [edit]

      on

      1. (Early Middle English)Alternative form ofa(indefinite article)

      Etymology 3

      [edit]

      Verb

      [edit]

      on

      1. (Early Middle English)first/third-personsingularpresentofunnen

      Etymology 4

      [edit]

      Noun

      [edit]

      on(uncountable)

      1. Alternative form ofwone(course)

      Etymology 5

      [edit]

      Noun

      [edit]

      on(uncountable)

      1. Alternative form ofoven

      Northern Sami

      [edit]

      Etymology

      [edit]

      (Thisetymologyis missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at theEtymology scriptorium.)

      Pronunciation

      [edit]

      Adverb

      [edit]

      ōn

      1. again

      Further reading

      [edit]
      • Koponen, Eino, Ruppel, Klaas, Aapala, Kirsti, editors (2002–2008),Álgu database: Etymological database of the Saami languages[5],Helsinki: Research Institute for the Languages of Finland

      Occitan

      [edit]

      Alternative forms

      [edit]

      Pronunciation

      [edit]

      Adverb

      [edit]

      on

      1. (Gascony)where

      References

      [edit]
      • Patric Guilhemjoan,Diccionari elementari occitan-francés francés-occitan (gascon),2005, Orthez, per noste, 2005,→ISBN,page 99.

      Old Czech

      [edit]

      Etymology

      [edit]

      InheritedfromProto-Slavic*onъ,fromProto-Indo-European*h₁ónos.

      Pronunciation

      [edit]

      Pronoun

      [edit]

      onmsg(third person)

      1. he(masculine singular)

      Declension

      [edit]

      Descendants

      [edit]

      Pronoun

      [edit]

      on

      1. Alternative form ofonen

      References

      [edit]

      Old English

      [edit]

      Alternative forms

      [edit]

      Etymology

      [edit]

        InheritedfromProto-West Germanic*ana,fromProto-Germanic*ana.

        Pronunciation

        [edit]

        Preposition

        [edit]

        on

        1. on,in,at,among[withaccusativeordativeorinstrumental]
          Onþæm huse
          Inthe house
          • late 9th century,translationofOrosius’History Against the Pagans
            ...and ðā syndon swȳþe fæġere and lustsumlīceontō sēonne...
            ...and those are very beautiful and pleasant to lookat...
          • Early 11th c.,Defensor'stranslationofLiber Scintillarum
            ...nā besēoh þūonwīfes hiw...
            ...do not lookata woman's appearance...
        2. on,during[withaccusative]
          Onmidne winter
          Inmid-winter
        3. onto,into(to expressallativemotion or a change of state)[withaccusative]
          Onþæt hus
          Intothe house
          Heo awende þa boconEnglisc
          She translated the bookintoEnglish

        Adverb

        [edit]

        on

        1. (with verbs of taking or depriving)from

        Descendants

        [edit]

        Old French

        [edit]

        Alternative forms

        [edit]

        Etymology

        [edit]

        Seehom,om.

        Pronoun

        [edit]

        on

        1. one(gender-neutral third-person singular pronoun)

        Descendants

        [edit]

        Old Frisian

        [edit]

        Etymology

        [edit]

        FromProto-West Germanic*an,fromProto-Germanic*an(on),fromProto-Indo-European*h₂en-(up).Cognates includeOld Englishon,Old SaxonanaandOld Dutchana.

        Pronunciation

        [edit]

        Preposition

        [edit]

        on

        1. on

        Descendants

        [edit]
        • North Frisian:a
        • Saterland Frisian:an,oun
        • West Frisian:oan

        References

        [edit]
        • Bremmer, Rolf H. (2009)An Introduction to Old Frisian: History, Grammar, Reader, Glossary,Amsterdam: John Benjamins Publishing Company,→ISBN

        Old Irish

        [edit]

        Pronoun

        [edit]

        on

        1. Alternative spelling ofón

        Article

        [edit]

        on

        1. Alternative spelling ofón

        Old Polish

        [edit]

        Etymology

        [edit]

        InheritedfromProto-Slavic*onъ.First attested in the 14th century.

        Pronunciation

        [edit]

        Pronoun

        [edit]

        on

        1. he(foranimatenouns),it(forinanimatenouns)
        2. this(demonstrative)

        Declension

        [edit]

        This pronoun needs aninflection-table template.

        Descendants

        [edit]

        References

        [edit]
        • B. Sieradzka-Baziur,Ewa Deptuchowa, Joanna Duska, Mariusz Frodyma, Beata Hejmo, Dorota Janeczko, Katarzyna Jasińska, Krystyna Kajtoch, Joanna Kozioł, Marian Kucała, Dorota Mika, Gabriela Niemiec, Urszula Poprawska, Elżbieta Supranowicz, Ludwika Szelachowska-Winiarzowa, Zofia Wanicowa, Piotr Szpor, Bartłomiej Borek, editors (2011–2015), “on”,inSłownik pojęciowy języka staropolskiego[Conceptual Dictionary of Old Polish] (in Polish), Kraków:IJP PAN,→ISBN

        Polish

        [edit]

        Etymology

        [edit]

        InheritedfromOld Polishon.The oblique case forms come from Proto-Slavic*jь.

        Pronunciation

        [edit]

        Pronoun

        [edit]

        onm(feminineona,neuterono)

        1. he(foranimatenouns),it(forinanimatenouns)

        Declension

        [edit]

        Pronoun

        [edit]

        on

        1. (dated,demonstrative)this

        Declension

        [edit]

        See also

        [edit]

        Trivia

        [edit]

        According toSłownik frekwencyjny polszczyzny współczesnej(1990),onis one of the most used words in Polish, appearing 1477 times in scientific texts, 677 times in news, 976 times in essays, 1957 times in fiction, and 1617 times in plays, each out of a corpus of 100,000 words, totaling 6650 times, making it the 8th most common word in a corpus of 500,000 words.[1]

        References

        [edit]
        1. ^Ida Kurcz(1990) “on”,inSłownik frekwencyjny polszczyzny współczesnej[Frequency dictionary of the Polish language] (in Polish), volume 1, Kraków, Warszawa: Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Języka Polskiego, page333

        Further reading

        [edit]
        • oninWielki słownik języka polskiego,Instytut Języka Polskiego PAN
        • onin Polish dictionaries at PWN
        • Maria Renata Mayenowa, Stanisław Rospond, Witold Taszycki, Stefan Hrabec, Władysław Kuraszkiewicz (2010-2023) “on”,inSłownik Polszczyzny XVI Wieku[A Dictionary of 16th Century Polish]
        • Maria Renata Mayenowa, Stanisław Rospond, Witold Taszycki, Stefan Hrabec, Władysław Kuraszkiewicz (2010-2023) “on”,inSłownik Polszczyzny XVI Wieku[A Dictionary of 16th Century Polish]
        • ON I”,inElektroniczny Słownik Języka Polskiego XVII i XVIII Wieku[Electronic Dictionary of the Polish Language of the XVII and XVIII Century], 2021 November 3
        • ON II”,inElektroniczny Słownik Języka Polskiego XVII i XVIII Wieku[Electronic Dictionary of the Polish Language of the XVII and XVIII Century], 2020 March 30
        • Samuel Bogumił Linde(1807–1814) “on”,inSłownik języka polskiego
        • Aleksander Zdanowicz(1861) “on”,inSłownik języka polskiego, Wilno 1861
        • J. Karłowicz,A. Kryński,W. Niedźwiedzki,editors (1904), “on”,inSłownik języka polskiego(in Polish), volume 3, Warsaw, page779

        Romani

        [edit]

        Alternative forms

        [edit]

        Pronoun

        [edit]

        on

        1. they[1][2][3]

        See also

        [edit]

        References

        [edit]
        1. ^Boretzky, Norbert,Igla, Birgit (1994) “on”, inWörterbuch Romani-Deutsch-Englisch für den südosteuropäischen Raum: mit einer Grammatik der Dialektvarianten[Romani-German-English dictionary for the Southern European region] (in German), Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz Verlag,→ISBN,page201a
        2. ^Marcel Courthiade (2009) “on B-ćham: len”, in Melinda Rézműves, editor,Morri angluni rromane ćhibǎqi evroputni lavustik = Első rromani nyelvű európai szótáram: cigány, magyar, angol, francia, spanyol, német, ukrán, román, horvát, szlovák, görög[My First European-Romani Dictionary: Romani, Hungarian, English, French, Spanish, German, Ukrainian, Romanian, Croatian, Slovak, Greek] (overall work in Hungarian and English), Budapest: Fővárosi Onkormányzat Cigány Ház--Romano Kher,→ISBN,page260b
        3. ^Yaron Matras and Evangelina Adamou (2020) “Romani and Contact Linguistics”, in Yaron Matras, Anton Tenser, editors,The Palgrave Handbook of Romani Language and Linguistics,→DOI,→ISBN,page341

        Romansch

        [edit]

        Alternative forms

        [edit]

        Etymology

        [edit]

        FromLatinannus.

        Noun

        [edit]

        onm(pluralons)

        1. (Sutsilvan,Vallader)year

        Salar

        [edit]

        Etymology

        [edit]

        FromProto-Turkic*ōn.

        Numeral

        [edit]

        on(3rd person possessive[please provide],plural[please provide])

        1. ten

        Sedang

        [edit]

        Etymology

        [edit]

        FromProto-Bahnaric*ʔuɲ.Cognate withBahnarŭnhandHrêùnh.

        Pronunciation

        [edit]

        Noun

        [edit]

        on

        1. fire

        Serbo-Croatian

        [edit]

        Etymology

        [edit]

        InheritedfromProto-Slavic*onъ,fromProto-Indo-European*h₁ónos.

        Pronunciation

        [edit]

        Pronoun

        [edit]

        ȏn(Cyrillic spellingо̑н)

        1. he

        Declension

        [edit]

        See also

        [edit]

        Slovak

        [edit]

        Etymology

        [edit]

        InheritedfromProto-Slavic*onъ,fromProto-Indo-European*h₁ónos;inflected forms fromProto-Slavic*jь,fromProto-Indo-European*éy.

        Pronunciation

        [edit]

        Pronoun

        [edit]

        onm

        1. he,it(third-person singular pronoun)

        Declension

        [edit]
        [edit]

        Further reading

        [edit]
        • on”,inSlovníkový portál Jazykovedného ústavu Ľ. Štúra SAV[Dictionary portal of the Ľ. Štúr Institute of Linguistics, Slovak Academy of Science] (in Slovak),https://slovnik.juls.savba.sk,2024

        Slovene

        [edit]

        Etymology

        [edit]

        FromProto-Slavic*onъ,fromProto-Indo-European*h₁ónos.

        Pronunciation

        [edit]

        Pronoun

        [edit]

        ȍn

        1. he
        2. (obsolete)onkanjeform[→SS, p. 389]

        Usage notes

        [edit]

        The second binding singular form (-enj) is used when the prefix ends in a consonant:

        Inflection

        [edit]
        Fourth masculine declension (adjectival endings, animate), fixed accent, highly irregular
        Stressed ( "naglasne") forms
        nominative
        imenovȃlnik
        ȍn ónadva,onȃdva óni,onȋ
        genitive
        rodȋlnik
        njéga njȋju,njȉh,njȗ njȉh
        dative
        dajȃlnik
        njému njȋma njȉm
        accusative
        tožȋlnik
        njéga njȋju,njȉh,njȗ njȉh,njẹ̑
        locative
        mẹ̑stnik
        njém,njému njȋju,njȉh njȉh
        instrumental
        orọ̑dnik
        njím njȋma njȋmi
        (vocative)
        (ogȏvorni imenovȃlnik)
        ȍn ȏnadva,onȃdva ȏni,onȋ
        Unstressed ( "naslonske") forms
        singular dual plural
        genitive
        rodȋlnik
        ga ju,jih jih
        dative
        dajȃlnik
        mu jima jim
        accusative
        tožȋlnik
        ga ju jih
        Binding ( "navezne/predložne") accusative forms
        singular dual plural
        unstressed -nj,-ənj -nju -nje
        stressed njẹ̑,njȉh

        See also

        [edit]

        Further reading

        [edit]
        • on”,inSlovarji Inštituta za slovenski jezik Frana Ramovša ZRC SAZU,portal Fran
        • on”,inTermania,Amebis
        • See also thegeneral references

        Anagrams

        [edit]

        Southeastern Tepehuan

        [edit]

        Etymology

        [edit]

        FromProto-Uto-Aztecan*ona.

        Noun

        [edit]

        on

        1. salt

        References

        [edit]
        • R. de Willett, Elizabeth, et al. (2016)Diccionario tepehuano de Santa María Ocotán, Durango(Serie de vocabularios y diccionarios indígenas “Mariano Silva y Aceves”;48)‎[6](in Spanish), electronic edition,Instituto Lingüístico de Verano, A.C.,page140

        Swedish

        [edit]

        Noun

        [edit]

        on

        1. indefinitepluralofo

        Anagrams

        [edit]

        Tagalog

        [edit]

        Etymology

        [edit]

        BorrowedfromEnglishon.

        Pronunciation

        [edit]

        Adjective

        [edit]

        on(Baybayin spellingᜂᜈ᜔)

        1. (slang)in arelationshipwith someone

        Derived terms

        [edit]

        Anagrams

        [edit]

        Turkish

        [edit]
        Turkish numbers(edit)
        100
        ← 1 ← 9 10 11 → 20 →
        1
        Cardinal:on
        Ordinal:onuncu
        Distributive:onar

        Etymology

        [edit]

        InheritedfromOttoman Turkishاون(on),fromProto-Turkic*ōn(ten).CompareOld Turkic𐰆𐰣(un¹/⁠on⁠/,ten).

        Pronunciation

        [edit]

        Numeral

        [edit]

        on

        1. ten

        Declension

        [edit]
        Inflection
        Nominative on
        Definite accusative onu
        Singular Plural
        Nominative on onlar
        Definite accusative onu onları
        Dative ona onlara
        Locative onda onlarda
        Ablative ondan onlardan
        Genitive onun onların

        Turkmen

        [edit]

        Etymology

        [edit]

        FromProto-Turkic*ōn(ten).

        Numeral

        [edit]
        Turkmen cardinal numbers
        < 9 10 11 >
        Cardinal:on
        Ordinal:onunji

        on

        1. ten

        Venetan

        [edit]

        Article

        [edit]

        onmsg

        1. a,an

        Usage notes

        [edit]
        • Variant ofun

        Volapük

        [edit]

        Etymology

        [edit]

        Borrowed fromFrenchon.

        Pronoun

        [edit]

        on

        1. it
        2. (obsolete,indefinite personal pronoun)one

        Declension

        [edit]

        Votic

        [edit]

        Pronunciation

        [edit]
        • (Luutsa, Liivtšülä)IPA(key):/ˈon/,[ˈon]
        • Rhymes:-on
        • Hyphenation:on

        Verb

        [edit]

        on

        1. third-personsingularindicativepresentofõllõ

        Walloon

        [edit]

        Alternative forms

        [edit]

        Etymology

        [edit]

        FromLatinūnum.

        Pronunciation

        [edit]

        IPA(key):/ɔ̃/

        Article

        [edit]

        on(masculine before a vowel:in-,feminine:ine)

        1. an,a
          ontchinadog
          in-åbeatree
          inemintealie

        Numeral

        [edit]

        on

        1. one

        Yola

        [edit]

        Alternative forms

        [edit]
        • an
        • ana(before consonant)
        • a(unstressed)

        Etymology

        [edit]

        FromMiddle Englishon, an,fromOld Englishon.

        Pronunciation

        [edit]
        • IPA(key):/ɔn/,/an/,/anə/,/ə/

        Preposition

        [edit]

        on

        1. on
          • 1867,“THE WEDDEEN O BALLYMORE”, inSONGS, ETC. IN THE DIALECT OF FORTH AND BARGY,number 1, page94:
            An a priesth o' pariesheonhis lhaung-tyel garraane.
            And the priest of the parishonhis long tail pony.
          • 1867,“THE WEDDEEN O BALLYMORE”, inSONGS, ETC. IN THE DIALECT OF FORTH AND BARGY,number 2, page94:
            An a priesth o pariesheonhis garrane baun,
            The priest of the parishonhis white pony,
          • 1867,“CASTEALE CUDDE'S LAMENTATION”, inSONGS, ETC. IN THE DIALECT OF FORTH AND BARGY,number 5, page104:
            Mizluck mye lhygtonTam Busheare;
            Bad luck may lightonTom Busheare;
          • 1867,DR. RUSSELL ON THE INHABITANTS AND DIALECT OF THE BARONY OF FORTH,page131:
            Fad didn'st thou cum t' ouzonzum other dey?
            [Why didn't you come to usonsome other day?]

        References

        [edit]
        • Jacob Poole (d. 1827) (before 1828) William Barnes, editor,A Glossary, With some Pieces of Verse, of the old Dialect of the English Colony in the Baronies of Forth and Bargy, County of Wexford, Ireland,London: J. Russell Smith, published1867,page94