os

See also:Appendix:Variations of "os"

Languages (37)

Translingual•English

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Aragonese•Aromanian•Catalan•Danish•Daur•Dutch•Fala•French•Galician•Guinea-Bissau Creole•Irish•Istro-Romanian•Latin•Middle English•Middle French•Middle Low German•Norwegian Nynorsk•Old English•Old French•Old Irish•Old Saxon•Polish•Portuguese•Romagnol•Romanian•Scottish Gaelic•Serbo-Croatian•Slovak•Slovene•Slovincian•Spanish•Swedish•Volapük•Welsh•White Hmong

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Page categories

Translingual

Symbol

os

1. (international standards)ISO 639-1language codeforOssetian.

English

Etymology 1

Borrowed fromLatinos(“a bone”).

Pronunciation

• (Received Pronunciation)IPA^(key):/ɒs/

• Audio(Southern England):

  (file)

• (General American)IPA^(key):/ɑs/
• Rhymes:-ɒs

Noun

os(pluralossa)

1. (anatomy)Synonym ofbone.
   • 1749,Henry Fielding,“Containing the great Address of the Landlady; the great Learning of a Surgeon, and the solid Skill in Casuistry of the worthy Lieutenant”, inThe History of Tom Jones, a Foundling,volume III, London:A[ndrew]Millar,[…],→OCLC,book VII,page109:

     I was once, I remember, called to a Patient, who had received a violent Contuſion in his Tibia, by which the exterior Cutis was lacerated, ſo that there was a profuſe ſanguinary Diſcharge; and the interior Membranes were ſo divellicated, that theOsor Bone very plainly appeared through the Aperture of the Vulnus or Wound.

Usage notes

Used in anatomical terminology (e.g.,Terminologia Anatomica) and sometimes by doctors and surgeons in practice, but seldom used by medicallaypeople.

Hyponyms

• os breve (short bone)
• os irregulare (irregular bone)
• os longum (long bone)
• os planum (flat bone)
• os sesamoideum (sesamoid bone)

Derived terms

• os capitatum
• os clitoridis
• os clitoris
• os cordis
• os coxae
• os cuneiforme
• os innominatum
• os magnum
• os paracuneiforme
• os penis
• os trapezoideum
• os trochleare calcanei

Translations

Translations

• Bulgarian:кост(bg)f(kost)
• Finnish:os(fi)
• French:os(fr)m
• German:Os(de)
• Italian:osso(it)m
• Spanish:hueso(es)m

Etymology 2

Unadapted borrowingfromLatinōs(“the mouth”).

Pronunciation

• (Received Pronunciation)IPA^(key):/ɒs/

• Audio(Southern England):

  (file)

• (General American)IPA^(key):/ɑs/
• Rhymes:-ɒs

Noun

os(pluralora)

1. (anatomy,sometimesbotany)Anopeningorentranceto apassage,particularly one at either end of thecervix,internal(to theuterus) orexternal(to thevagina).

   Synonym:orifice

   • 1891,Texas Medical Association,Transactions,volume23,page175:

     The instrument closed, as seen in Fig. 1, is then passed along the finger to theos,in and through the cervix up to the fundus of the uterus, which may be determined both by the distance and the resistance to the broad rounded head of the Capiat.

   • 2009July 6, Armen Takhtajan,Flowering Plants,Springer Science & Business Media,→ISBN:

     […]monocolpate ( “unisulcate” ) pollen grains still have a continuous aperture membrane devoid of special openings (ora) in the exine for the emergence of the pollen tube.

Translations

external end of the cervix

• Finnish:kohdunnapukka

Etymology 3

Borrowed fromSwedishås.

Pronunciation

• (Received Pronunciation)IPA^(key):/ɒs/

• Audio(Southern England):

  (file)

• (General American)IPA^(key):/ɑs/
• Rhymes:-ɒs

Noun

os(pluralosar)

1. Anosaroresker.

Etymology 4

Fromo+‎-s.

Pronunciation

• (Received Pronunciation)IPA^(key):/əʊz/
• (General American)IPA^(key):/oʊz/
• Rhymes:-əʊz

Noun

os

1. (rare)Alternative form ofo's.

References

• “os”,inLexico,Dictionary.com;Oxford University Press,2019–2022.
• “os”,inMerriam-Webster Online Dictionary,Springfield, Mass.:Merriam-Webster,1996–present.

Anagrams

• SO,S/O,s.o.,so,So,So.,S&O,s/o,S.O.

Aragonese

Etymology

FromVulgar Latin*lōs,fromLatinillōs.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key):/ˈos/
• Rhymes:-os
• Syllabification:os

Article

osmpl

1. the

   Oslugars d'Aragón

   The villages of Aragon

Usage notes

• The formlos,either pronounced aslosor asros,can be found after words ending with-o.
• Some dialects use the formels,often shortened toes.

Aromanian

Alternative forms

• osu

Etymology

FromLatinossum,fromos.CompareRomanianos.

Noun

osn(pluraloasioroase)

1. bone

Derived terms

• usos

Catalan

Etymology 1

InheritedfromOld Catalanos,fromLatinossum,non-standard variant ofos.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key):(Central,Balearic,Valencia)[ˈɔs]

Noun

osm(pluralossos)

1. bone

Derived terms

• os de sant
• os frontal
• os parietal
• os pisiforme
• ossada
• ossam
• ossera
• osset

Related terms

• ossa
• ossari
• ossi

Etymology 2

l'ós bru

InheritedfromLatinursus.CompareSpanishoso,Occitanors,Frenchours.

Alternative forms

• ós(pre-2016 spelling)

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key):(Central,Balearic,Valencia)[ˈos]

• Audio(Valencia):

  (file)

• Rhymes:-os

Noun

osm(pluralossos,feminineossa)

1. bear(mammal)

Derived terms

• all d'os

specific species of bear

• os blanc
• os bru
• os d'Alaska
• os malai
• os morrut
• os negre americà
• os polar
• os tibetà

other non-ursine mammals

• os formiguer
• os marí
• os rentador

Further reading

• “os”inDiccionari de la llengua catalana, segona edició,Institut d’Estudis Catalans.
• “os”,inGran Diccionari de la Llengua Catalana,Grup Enciclopèdia Catalana,2024
• “os”inDiccionari normatiu valencià,Acadèmia Valenciana de la Llengua.
• “os”inDiccionari català-valencià-balear,Antoni Maria Alcover and Francesc de Borja Moll, 1962.

Etymology 3

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key):(Central,Balearic,Valencia)[ˈos]

Noun

os

1. pluralofo(“the letter O”)

Danish

Etymology 1

FromOld Norseoss(“us”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key):/ɔs/,[ʌs],[ɒ̽s]

Pronoun

os

1. us,objectiveofvi
2. (reflexive pronoun)ourselves
3. (pluralis majestatis)ourself

See also

Danish personal pronouns

Number	Person	Type	Nominative	Oblique	Possessive
					common	neuter	plural
Singular	First	–	jeg	mig	min	mit	mine
	Second	modern/informal	du	dig	din	dit	dine
		formal	De	Dem	Deres
	Third	masculine(person)	han	ham	hans
		feminine(person)	hun	hende	hendes
		common(noun)	den		dens
		neuter(noun)	det		dets
		reflexive	–	sig	sin	sit	sine
Plural	First	modern	vi	os	vores
		archaic/formal			vor	vort	vore
	Second	–	I	jer	jeres
	Third	–	de	dem	deres
		reflexive	–	sig

Etymology 2

Disputed.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key):/oːs/,[oːˀs]

Noun

osc(singular definiteosen,not used in plural form)

1. smoke
2. reek
3. fug

Verb

os

1. imperativeofose

Daur

Etymology

FromProto-Mongolic*usun.CompareMongolianус(us).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key):/ɔs/,[ɔs]

Noun

os

1. water

   Enosiiter nyadem waagw tunpund suree.

   Please pourwaterinto that washbowl.

References

• Henry G. Schwarz,The Minorities of Northern China: A Survey(1984), page 140: 'water' Dauros

Dutch

Etymology

FromMiddle Dutchosse,fromOld Dutch*osso,earlier*ohso,fromProto-Germanic*uhsô.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key):/ɔs/

• Audio:

  (file)

• Hyphenation:os
• Rhymes:-ɔs

Noun

osm(pluralossen,diminutiveosjen)

1. ox(a castrated bull)

Derived terms

• ossenhuid
• ossenpikker
• ossenstaart
• ossentong
• ossenwagen

Descendants

• Afrikaans:os
• Negerhollands:os

Further reading

• “os”inWoordenlijst Nederlandse Taal – Officiële Spelling,Nederlandse Taalunie. [the official spelling word list for the Dutch language]

Fala

Alternative forms

• us(Lagarteiru, Valverdeñu)

Etymology

FromOld Galician-Portugueseos,fromLatinillōs.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key):/os/
• Rhymes:-os
• Syllabification:os

Article

osmpl(singularo,femininea,feminine pluralas)

1. (Mañegu)Masculine plural definite article;the
   • 2000,Domingo Frades Gaspar,Vamus a falal: Notas pâ coñocel y platical en nosa fala,Editora regional da Extremadura, Chapter 1: Lengua Española:

     En esti territorio se han assentau, enosanus que se indican,oshabitantis siguientis:

     In this territory there were living, intheyears specified,thefollowing (amount of) inhabitants:

Pronoun

os

1. (Mañegu)Third person plural masculine accusative pronoun;them

See also

Fala personal pronouns

			nominative	dative	accusative	disjunctive
first person	singular		ei	me,-mi		mi
	plural	common	nos	musL nusLV nos,-nusM		nos
		masculine	noshotrusM			noshotrusM
		feminine	noshotrasM			noshotrasM
second person	singular		tú	te,-ti		ti
	plural	common	vos	vusLV vos,-vusM		vos
		masculine	voshotrusM			voshotrusM
		feminine	voshotrasM			voshotrasM
third person	singular	masculine	el	le,-li	uLV,oM	el
		feminine	ela		a	ela
	plural	masculine	elis		usLV,osM	elis
		feminine	elas		as	elas
	reflexive		—	se,-si		sí

References

• Valeš, Miroslav (2021)Diccionariu de A Fala: lagarteiru, mañegu, valverdeñu (web)‎^[3],2nd edition, Minde, Portugal: CIDLeS, published2022,→ISBN

French

Etymology

InheritedfromMiddle Frenchos,fromOld Frenchos,fromLatinossum,popular variant ofos,ossis,ultimately fromProto-Indo-European*h₃ésth₁(“bone”),*h₂óst.

Pronunciation

• (singular)IPA^(key):/ɔs/

  • Audio(France):

    (file)

  • Audio:

    (file)

  • Rhymes:-ɔs
• (plural)IPA^(key):/o/
  • Rhymes:-o
  • Homophones:au,aulx,aux,eau,eaux,ho,o,ô,oh(general),haut,hauts(aspirated)
• After consonants other than/z/,the plural may alternatively be pronounced like the singular (cf. the same inœufs).
• Colloquially, some speakers use the hybrid form/os/for both singular and plural.

Noun

osm(pluralos)

1. bone

   Le chien a enterré unos.

   The dog buried abone.

2. (informal)snag,hitch

   Synonyms:hic,accroc,anicroche

   Il y a unos.―(please add an English translation of this usage example)

Derived terms

• coûter un os
• en chair et en os
• l’avoir dans l’os
• n’avoir que la peau sur les os
• os ethmoïde
• os frontal
• os hyoïde
• os lacrymal
• os nasal
• os occipital
• os palatin
• os pariétal
• os pisiforme
• os sphénoïde
• os temporal
• os trapèze
• os trapézoïde
• os zygomatique
• ossature
• osseux
• ossifier
• ossu
• ossuaire
• tomber sur un os

Further reading

• “os”,inTrésor de la langue française informatisé[Digitized Treasury of the French Language],2012.

Anagrams

• SO

Galician

Etymology 1

FromOld Galician-Portugueseos,fromVulgar Latin*los,fromLatinillōs,accusative plural ofille(“that”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key):/ʊs/
• Hyphenation:os

Article

osmpl(masculine singularo,feminine singulara,feminine pluralas)

1. (definite)the

Usage notes

The definite articleo(in all its forms) regularly forms contractions when it follows the prepositionsa(“to”),con(“with”),de(“of, from”),anden(“in”).For example,con os( "with the" ) contracts tocos,anden os( "in the" ) contracts tonos.

Derived terms

• aos
• cos
• dos
• nos
• ós

Etymology 2

See the etymology of the correspondinglemmaform.

Pronoun

os

1. accusativeofeles

See also

Galician articles
	Singular		Plural
	Masculine	Feminine	Masculine	Feminine
Definite articles (the)	o	a	os	as
Indefinite articles (a,an;some)	un	unha	uns	unhas

Further reading

• “o”,inDicionario da Real Academia Galega(in Galician), A Coruña:Royal Galician Academy,2012–2024
• Antón Luís Santamarina Fernández,editor (2006–2013), “os”,inDicionario de Dicionarios da lingua galega[Dictionary of Dictionaries of the Galician language] (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela:Instituto da Lingua Galega
• Ernesto Xosé González Seoane,María Álvarez de la Granja,Ana Isabel Boullón Agrelo(2006–2022) “os”,inDicionario de Dicionarios do galego medieval(in Galician), Santiago de Compostela:Instituto da Lingua Galega
• Xavier Varela Barreiro, Xavier Gómez Guinovart (2006–2018) “os”,inCorpus Xelmírez - Corpus lingüístico da Galicia medieval(in Galician), Santiago de Compostela:ILG

Guinea-Bissau Creole

Etymology

FromPortugueseosso.Cognate withKabuverdianuosu.

Noun

os

1. bone

Irish

Pronunciation

• (Munster,Connacht)IPA^(key):/ɔsˠ/
• (Ulster)IPA^(key):/ʌsˠ/

Etymology 1

FromOld Irishoss,fromProto-Celtic*uxsū,fromProto-Indo-European*uksḗn(“bull”).

Noun

osm(genitive singularois,nominative pluralois)

1. (literary)deer

   Synonym:fia

Declension

Declension ofos

First declension

Bare forms: Case Singular Plural Nominative os ois Vocative aois aosa Genitive ois os Dative os ois

Forms with thedefinite article: Case Singular Plural Nominative ant-os nahois Genitive anois nan-os Dative leis anos donos leis nahois

Derived terms

• oiseoil
• oisín
• osbhuí

Etymology 2

FromOld Irishúas,ós,fromProto-Celtic*ouxsos,fromProto-Indo-European*h₃ewps-.

Preposition

os(plus dative,triggers no mutation)

1. over,above

Derived terms

• os ard
• os cionn
• os coinne
• os comhair
• os grian
• os íseal
• os meán
• os méid
• os neart
• os talamh
• os-

Mutation

Irish mutation
Radical	Eclipsis	withh-prothesis	witht-prothesis
os	n-os	hos	t-os
Note:Some of these forms may be hypothetical. Not every possible mutated form of every word actually occurs.

Further reading

• Ó Dónaill, Niall(1977) “os”,inFoclóir Gaeilge–Béarla,Dublin: An Gúm,→ISBN
• “os”,inNew English-Irish Dictionary,Foras na Gaeilge,2013-2024

Istro-Romanian

Etymology

FromLatinossum,fromos.

Noun

osn(pluralose,definite singularosu,definite pluralosele)

1. bone

Latin

Picture dictionary

os

calvāria

cerebrum

oculus

labium

nāsus

ōs

mentum

māxilla

auris

tempus

collum

Click on labels in the image.

Etymology 1

ōs(mouth)

FromProto-Italic*ōs,fromProto-Indo-European*h₃éh₁os.Cognates includeHittite𒀀𒄿𒅖(aiš),Sanskritआस्(ās),Old Irishá,Old Englishōr.

Pronunciation

• (Classical Latin)IPA^(key):/oːs/,[oːs̠]
• (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical)IPA^(key):/os/,[ɔs]

Noun

ōsn(genitiveōris);third declension

1. mouth

   Synonym:bucca

   Hyponyms:buccula,ōsculum

   • 8CE– 12CE,Ovid,Sorrows1.2.35–36:

     opprimet hanc animam flūctūs, frūstrāque precantī
     ōrenecātūrās accipiēmus aquās

     Waves will crush this life, and just as I am uselessly praying,by mouthwe will swallow waters soon to destroy us.
     (The poet laments his storm-tossed sea voyage to exile.)

   • Genesis,Vulgate8.11:

     at illa venit ad eum ad vesperam portans ramum olivae virentibus foliis inoresuo intellexit ergo Noe quod cessassent aquae super terram

     But it came to him in the evening carrying a green-leaved olive branch in itsmouth,therefore Noah understood that the waters above the land were coming to and end.

2. (transferred sense)(in general)headorface

   Synonym:caput

   Synonyms:(Vulgar Latin)cara,faciēs,frōns,vultus

   adaliquemoraconvertere―to turn the head or face towards someone

   • 70BCE,Cicero,In Verrem2.4.124:

     Gorgonisospulcherrimum cinctum anguibus revellit atque abstulit,[…]

     • 1856translation byCharles Duke Yonge

       […]he tore off and took away a very fineheadof the Gorgon with snakes for hair;

   • c.117CE,Tacitus,Annales1.61:

     adiacebant fragmina telorum equorumque artus, simul truncis arborum antefixaora.

     • 1864–1877translation byAlfred John ChurchandWilliam Jackson Brodribb

       Near, lay fragments of weapons and limbs of horses, and also humanheads,prominently nailed to trunks of trees.

3. (transferred sense)(in general)facialfeatures,countenance,appearance
   • 29BCE– 19BCE,Virgil,Aeneid4.328–329:

     “[...] Sī quis mihi parvulus aulā / lūderet Aenēās, quī tē tamenōrereferret, [...].”

     “If [only] for me someone were playing in the hall – a little Aeneas – who, although [you were gone], would recall youbyhisappearance,[...].”

4. (poetic)speech
   • 29BCE– 19BCE,Virgil,Aeneid2.423:

     […]primi clipeos mentitaque tela / adgnoscunt, atqueorasono discordia signant.

     • 1697translation byJohn Dryden

       They first observe, and to the rest betray, / Our diff'rentspeech;our borrow'd arms survey.

5. mouth,lips,opening,entrance,aperture,orifice
   • 29BCE– 19BCE,Virgil,Aeneid4.659–660:

     Dīxit etōsimpressa torō, [...] / ait [...].

     [Dido] spoke and, having pressed herlipsupon the bed, cried out: [...].
     (Although many translations have Dido bury her “face” in the “couch,” still others convey the symbolism of a farewell kiss. See: Fitzgerald, 1981: “And here she kissed the bed”; Ruden, 2021: “She kissed the bed”.)

6. beakof aship
7. edgeof asword

Inflection

Third-declensionnoun (neuter, imparisyllabic non-i-stem).

Case	Singular	Plural
Nominative	ōs	ōra
Genitive	ōris	ōrum
Dative	ōrī	ōribus
Accusative	ōs	ōra
Ablative	ōre	ōribus
Vocative	ōs	ōra

Derived terms

• cōram
• ōrālis
• ōrārium
• ōreae
• ōrō
• ōscillum
• ōscitō
• ōsculum
• Ostia
• ōstīgō
• ōstium

Descendants

• →English:os

Etymology 2

ossamanūs (bones of the hand)

FromProto-Indo-European*h₃ésth₁(“bone”),*h₂óst.Cognates includeAncient Greekὀστέον(ostéon),Sanskritअस्थि(asthi)andOld Armenianոսկր(oskr).

Alternative forms

• ossum,ossu,ossua

Pronunciation

• (Classical Latin)IPA^(key):/os/,[ɔs̠]
• (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical)IPA^(key):/os/,[ɔs]

Noun

osn(genitiveossis);third declension

1. (literal,anatomy)bone
2. (figurative)boneas a metaphor for something deep within the body or frame, one’s innermost being or feeling, a generalized physical presence more than a specific anatomical location
   • 29BCE– 19BCE,Virgil,Aeneid4.100-101:

     “[...] Habēs tōtā quod mente petīstī:
     ārdet amāns Dīdō, trāxitque perossafurōrem.”

     [Juno says to Venus:] “You have what you sought with all your heart: Dido burns [with] love, and it has drawn the passion through herbones.”

   • Anonymous,Regula Magistri:

     ipsorum ore respondent se lassis post viamossibusnon posse de lecto surgere

     By the same mouth they respond that, due to their wearybonesafter travel, it is not possible to arise from bed.

   1. (transferred sense)hardorinnermostpart oftreesorfruits;heartwood
3. (figurative)bones,frameworkoroutlineof adiscourse

Inflection

Third-declensionnoun (neuter, i-stem).

Case	Singular	Plural
Nominative	os	ossa
Genitive	ossis	ossium
Dative	ossī	ossibus
Accusative	os	ossa
Ablative	osse	ossibus
Vocative	os	ossa

Derived terms

• exos
• exossō
• osseus
• ossiculum
• ossifraga
• ossifragus
• ossilagō
• ossilegium
• ossuārius
• ossuōsus

Related terms

• exossātus
• ossuārium

Descendants

Descendants

• Aragonese:güeso
• Aromanian:os
• Asturian:güesu
• Catalan:os
• Corsican:ossu
• Dalmatian:vuas
• Fala:osu
• Franco-Provençal:ôs
• French:os
• Friulian:vues
• Galician:óso
• Istriot:uosso
• Istro-Romanian:os
• Italian:osso
• Megleno-Romanian:uos
• Mirandese:uosso
• Occitan:òs
• Piedmontese:òss
• Portuguese:osso
• Romanian:os
• Romansch:ies,oss
• Sardinian:ossu
• Sicilian:ossu
• Spanish:hueso
• Venetian:oso
• →English:os

References

• "ōs",inCharlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879)A Latin Dictionary,Oxford: Clarendon Press
• "ŏs",inCharlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879)A Latin Dictionary,Oxford: Clarendon Press
• "ōs",inCharlton T. Lewis (1891)An Elementary Latin Dictionary,New York: Harper & Brothers
• "os",inCharlton T. Lewis (1891)An Elementary Latin Dictionary,New York: Harper & Brothers
• osinGaffiot, Félix (1934)Dictionnaire illustré latin-français,Hachette, page1095.
• osin Charles du Fresne du Cange’sGlossarium Mediæ et Infimæ Latinitatis(augmented edition with additions by D. P. Carpenterius, Adelungius and others, edited by Léopold Favre, 1883–1887)
• Carl Meißner, Henry William Auden (1894)Latin Phrase-Book‎^[4],London:Macmillan and Co.
  • to praise a man to his face:aliquem coram, in osorpraesentem laudare
    
  • to be in every one's mouth:in ore omniumoromnibus(hominumorhominibus,but onlymihi, tibi,etc.)esse
    
  • to harp on a thing, be always talking of it:in ore habere aliquid(Fam. 6. 18. 5)
    
  • physics; natural philosophy:physica(-orum) (Or. 34. 119);philosophia naturalis
    
  • logic, dialectic:dialectica(-aeor-orum) (pure Latindisserendi ratio et scientia)
    
  • all agree on this point:omnes (uno ore) in hac re consentiunt
    
  • unanimously:una voce; uno ore
    
  • mathematics:mathematica (-ae)orgeometria (-ae),geometrica (-orum)(Tusc. 1. 24. 57)
    
  • arithmetic:arithmetica(-orum)
    
  • arithmetic:numeri (-orum)
    
  • no word escaped him:nullum verbum ex ore eius excidit(or simplyei)
    
  • maintain a devout silence (properly, utter no ill-omened word):favete ore, linguis= εὐφημειτε
    
  • to talk of a subject which was then the common topic of conversation:in eum sermonemincidere, qui tum fere multis erat in ore
    
  • (ambiguous)to draw every one's eyes upon one:omnium oculos (et ora) ad se convertere
    
  • (ambiguous)to be in every one's mouth:per omnium ora ferri
    
  • (ambiguous)to be a subject for gossip:in ora vulgi abire
    
• Dizionario Latino italiano, Olivetti

Middle English

Pronoun

os

1. Alternative form ofus

Middle French

Etymology

InheritedfromOld Frenchos,fromLatinossum,popular variant ofos,ossis,ultimately fromProto-Indo-European*h₃ésth₁(“bone”),*h₂óst.

Noun

osm(pluralos)

1. bone

Descendants

• French:os

Middle Low German

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key):/œs/

Pronoun

ös

1. (personal pronoun,dative,accusative)Alternative form ofuns.

Norwegian Nynorsk

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key):/uːs/

Etymology 1

FromOld Norseóss.Same asLatinos.

Noun

osmorn(definite singularosenoroset,indefinite pluralosaroros,definite pluralosaneorosa)

1. anoutlet,estuary,river mouth (where a river runs out of a lake, or enters a lake or the ocean)

Etymology 2

Unknown.

Noun

osm(definite singularosen,indefinite pluralosar,definite pluralosane)

1. tofume,smoke
2. toreek,malodorousness

Derived terms

• ose

Etymology 3

Pronoun

os

1. obsoletespelling ofoss.
   • 1770,Edvard Storm,“Guten aa Jenta paa Fjøshjellen”, inDen fyrste morgonblånen,Oslo: Novus, published1990,page233:

     Dæmæ vendaosaat Bygden

     thusweturn towards the village

Etymology 4

Verb

os

1. pasttenseofase
2. imperativeofose

Further reading

• “os”inThe Nynorsk Dictionary.
• “os”,inNorsk Ordbok: ordbok over det norske folkemålet og det nynorske skriftmålet,Oslo: Samlaget, 1950-2016

Old English

Etymology

From earliest Old English*ons,fromProto-West Germanic*ansu,fromProto-Germanic*ansuz(“god, deity”),fromProto-Indo-European*h₂ems-(“engender, beget”).Cognate withOld Norseáss.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key):/oːs/

Noun

ōsm

1. agod
2. the runic characterᚩ(/o/or/oː/)

Usage notes

• The genitive pluralēsa(attested inēsa gescot“the shot of theēse”) and names such asEsegardisplay i-mutation, despite being a u-stem. This is likely a fossilization from an earlier stage betweenProto-West Germanic*ansuand early Old English*ons,in which i-mutation was applied to the attested declined forms due to the word’s archaic meaning, rather than its active usage.
• The nominative plural likely had the same process from above applied to it as well, in the form of*ēse.
• Both i-mutated, and typically-expected forms for each affected declension are provided in the table below:

Declension

Declension ofōs(u-stem, irregular)

Case	Singular	Plural
nominative	ōs	*ēse,*ōsa
accusative	ōs	*ōsa
genitive	*ōsa	ēsa,*ōsa
dative	ēse,*ōsa	*ōsum

Synonyms

• god

Old French

Etymology

FromLatinossum,popular variant ofos,ossis,ultimately fromProto-Indo-European*h₃ésth₁(“bone”),*h₂óst.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key):/ɔs/

Noun

osoblique singular,m(oblique pluralos,nominative singularos,nominative pluralos)

1. bone

Descendants

• Middle French:os
  • French:os

Old Irish

Alternative forms

• as,es,is(aberrant Würzburg forms)

Etymology

Hamp derives this fromProto-Celtic*sonts,plural*sontes(whenceot); ultimately fromProto-Indo-European*h₁sónts.Copular origin explains the use of independent subject pronouns with this conjunction, which otherwise are usually used with the copulais.

A more traditional theory, assumed by Pedersen and Thurneysen among others, supposes that this is a contraction ofocus(“and”),with the apparent copular behaviour being analogical.

Conjunction

os(third-person pluralot)

1. disjunctive conjunction

Usage notes

• The conjunction takes on the formotwhen used with the third-person plural pronounéandoselsewhere.

Descendants

• Middle Irish:os

Further reading

• Gregory Toner, Sharon Arbuthnot, Máire Ní Mhaonaigh, Marie-Luise Theuerkauf, Dagmar Wodtko, editors (2019), “2 os”,ineDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language

Old Saxon

Noun

osm

1. Alternative form ofas

Polish

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key):/ˈɔs/

• Audio:

  (file)

• Rhymes:-ɔs
• Syllabification:os
• Homophone:oz

Noun

osf

1. genitivepluralofosa

   Synonym:ós

Portuguese

Etymology 1

FromOld Galician-Portugueseos,fromVulgar Latin*los,fromLatinillōs.

Pronunciation

• (Brazil)IPA^(key):/us/

• (Brazil)IPA^(key):/us/
  • (Rio de Janeiro)IPA^(key):/uʃ/
  • (Southern Brazil)IPA^(key):/os/

• (Portugal)IPA^(key):/uʃ/

• Hyphenation:os

Article

os

2. masculinepluralofo
   • 2007,J. K. Rowling,translated byLia Wyler,Harry Potter e as Relíquias da Morte[Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows] (Harry Potter;7), Rio de Janeiro: Rocco,→ISBN,page546:

     Está na hora de testarmososnossos talentos no mundo real, você não acha?

     It's time to testthetalents of ours in the real world, don't you think?

   • 2007,J. K. Rowling,translated byLia Wyler,Harry Potter e as Relíquias da Morte[Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows] (Harry Potter;7), Rio de Janeiro: Rocco,→ISBN,page308:

     Você notouoscabelos dela, são negros e brilhantes e macios...

     You noticed her hair ( “herhairs”), it's dark and brilliant and soft...

   • 2007,J. K. Rowling,translated byLia Wyler,Harry Potter e as Relíquias da Morte[Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows] (Harry Potter;7), Rio de Janeiro: Rocco,→ISBN,page373:

     Devíamos fecharosolhos dele.

     We should close his eyes ( “theeyes of him”).

Quotations

For quotations using this term, seeCitations:o.

See also

Portuguesearticles(edit)
	Singular		Plural
	Masculine	Feminine	Masculine	Feminine
Definite articles (the)	o	a	os	as
Indefinite articles (a,an;some)	um	uma	uns	umas

Pronoun

os

2. third-person plural direct objective personal pronoun;them

   Synonyms:(indirect objective)lhes,eles,(prepositional)elas

   Encontrei-osna rua.

   I metthemat the street.

Usage notes

• Becomes -losafter verb forms ending in-r, -s,or-z,the pronounsnosandvos,and the adverbeis;the ending letter causing the change disappears.

  Afterver:Posso vê-los?―May I see them?

  Afterpôs:Pô-los ali.―He put them there.

  Afterfiz:Fi-los ficarem contentes.―I made them become happy.

  Afternos:Deu-no-los relutantemente.―He gave them to us reluctantly.

  Aftereis:Ei-los!―Behold them!

• Becomes -nosafter a nasal diphthong:-ão, -am[ɐ̃w̃],-õe[õj̃],-em, -êm[ẽj̃].

  Detêm-nos como prisioneiros.―They detain them as prisoners.

• In Brazil it is being abandoned in favor of the nominative formeles.

  Eu os vi. → Eu vi eles.―I saw them.

Quotations

For quotations using this term, seeCitations:os.

See also

Portuguesepersonal pronouns(edit)
Number	Person	Nominative (subject)		Accusative (direct object)		Dative (indirect object)	Prepositional		Prepositional withcom		Non-declining
		m	f	m	f	mandf	m	f	m	f	m	f
Singular	First	eu		me			mim		comigo
	Second	tu		te			ti		contigo		você
											o senhor	a senhora
	Third	ele	ela	o (lo,no)	a (la,na)	lhe	ele	ela	comele	comela	o mesmo	a mesma
				se			si		consigo
Plural	First	nós		nos			nós		connosco(Portugal) conosco(Brazil)		a gente
	Second	vós		vos			vós		convosco,comvós		vocês
											os senhores	as senhoras
	Third	eles	elas	os (los,nos)	as (las,nas)	lhes	eles	elas	comeles	comelas	os mesmos	as mesmas
				se			si		consigo
Indefinite				se			si		consigo

Etymology 2

See the etymology of the correspondinglemmaform.

Pronunciation

• (Brazil)IPA^(key):/ˈɔs/,/ˈos/

• (Brazil)IPA^(key):/ˈɔs/,/ˈos/
  • (Rio de Janeiro)IPA^(key):/ˈɔʃ/,/ˈoʃ/

• (Portugal)IPA^(key):/ˈɔʃ/,/ˈoʃ/

• Hyphenation:os

Noun

osm

2. pluralofo

Romagnol

Noun

osm(invariable)(Bassa Romagna)

1. door

Romanian

Etymology

InheritedfromLatinossum,popular variant ofos,ossis,fromProto-Italic*ōs,ultimately fromProto-Indo-European*h₃ésth₁(“bone”),*h₂óst.

CompareCatalanos,Frenchos,Italianosso,Portugueseosso,Sardinianossu,Spanishhueso.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key):[ˈos]

• Audio:

  (file)

• Rhymes:-os

Noun

osn(pluraloase)

1. bone

Declension

Declension ofos

	singular		plural
	indefinite articulation	definite articulation	indefinite articulation	definite articulation
nominative/accusative	(un)os	osul	(niște)oase	oasele
genitive/dative	(unui)os	osului	(unor)oase	oaselor
vocative	osule		oaselor

Related terms

• osamă
• oseminte
• osifica
• osificabil
• osificare
• osificat
• osificator
• osificație
• osos

Further reading

• osinDEX online—Dicționare ale limbii române(Dictionaries of the Romanian language)

Scottish Gaelic

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key):/ɔs/

Preposition

os(+ dative,no mutation)

1. (obsolete)over,above

Usage notes

• Now used only in the compounds listed below.

Derived terms

• os cionn
• os ìosal
• os làimh

Verb

os

1. Alternative form ofarsaused before vowels

   "Ial, ial,"osa' chailleach―"Ial, ial,"saidthe old woman

Serbo-Croatian

Alternative forms

• ȏsa(Bosnia,Serbia)

Etymology

InheritedfromProto-Slavic*osь.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key):/ôːs/

Noun

ȏsf(Cyrillic spellingо̑с)

1. (Croatia)axis

Declension

Declension ofos

	singular	plural
nominative	ȏs	ȏsi
genitive	ȏsi	ósī
dative	osi	osima
accusative	os	osi
vocative	osi	osi
locative	osi	osima
instrumental	osi	osima

Slovak

Etymology

InheritedfromProto-Slavic*osь.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key):[ɔs]

Noun

osf

1. (geometry)axis
2. axle

Declension

Declension ofos

	singular	plural
nominative	os	osi
genitive	osi	osí
dative	osi	osiam
accusative	os	osi
locative	osi	osiach
instrumental	osou	osami

Derived terms

• osový
• oska
• osička

Further reading

• “os”,inSlovníkový portál Jazykovedného ústavu Ľ. Štúra SAV[Dictionary portal of the Ľ. Štúr Institute of Linguistics, Slovak Academy of Science] (in Slovak),https://slovnik.juls.savba.sk,2024

Slovene

Etymology

FromProto-Slavic*osь.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key):/óːs/

Noun

ọ̑sf

1. axis(geometry: imaginary line)

Inflection

Thediacritics used in this section of the entry are non-tonal.If you are a native tonal speaker, please help by adding the tonal marks.

Feminine, i-stem, long mixed accent
nom. sing.	ós
gen. sing.	osí
	singular	dual	plural
nominative (imenovȃlnik)	ós	osí	osí
genitive (rodȋlnik)	osí	osí	osí
dative (dajȃlnik)	ôsi	oséma	osém
accusative (tožȋlnik)	ós	osí	osí
locative (mẹ̑stnik)	ôsi	oséh	oséh
instrumental (orọ̑dnik)	osjó	oséma	osmí

Further reading

• “os”,inSlovarji Inštituta za slovenski jezik Frana Ramovša ZRC SAZU,portal Fran
• “os”,inTermania,Amebis
• See also thegeneral references

Slovincian

Etymology

(Thisetymologyis missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at theEtymology scriptorium.)

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key):/ˈɔs/
• Rhymes:-ɔs
• Syllabification:os

Conjunction

os

1. and

Further reading

• Lorentz, Friedrich(1908) “ǻu̯s”, inSlovinzisches Wörterbuch‎^[5](in German), volume 1, Saint Petersburg:ОРЯС ИАН,page 9

Spanish

Etymology

InheritedfromLatinvōs(accusative),vōbīs(dative).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key):/os/[os]
• Rhymes:-os
• Syllabification:os
• Homophone:(Latin America)hoz

Pronoun

os

1. you,toyou,foryou;dative and accusative ofvosotros

See also

Spanish personal pronouns

				nominative	dative	accusative	disjunctive
first person	singular			yo	me		mí1
	plural	masculine2		nosotros	nos		nosotros
		feminine		nosotras			nosotras
second person	singular	tuteo		tú	te		ti1
		voseo		vos			vos
		formal3		usted	le,se4	lo/la5	usted
	plural	familiar6	masculine2	vosotros	os		vosotros
			feminine	vosotras			vosotras
		formal/general3		ustedes	les,se4	los/las5	ustedes
third person	singular	masculine2		él	le,se4	lo	él
		feminine		ella		la	ella
		neuter		ello7		lo	ello
	plural	masculine2		ellos	les,se4	los	ellos
		feminine		ellas		las	ellas
	reflexive			—	se		sí1

1. Not used withcon;conmigo,contigo,andconsigoare used instead, respectively
2. Like other masculine Spanish words, masculine Spanish pronouns can be used when the gender of the subject is unknown or when the subject is plural and of mixed gender.
3. Treated as if it were third-person for purposes of conjugation and reflexivity
4. Ifleorlesprecedeslo,la,los,orlasin a clause, it is replaced withse(e.g.,Se lo dijeinstead ofLe lo dije)
5. Depending on the implicit gender of the object being referred to
6. Used primarily in Spain
7. Used only in rare circumstances

Further reading

• “os”,inDiccionario de la lengua española,Vigésima tercera edición,Real Academia Española,2014

Swedish

Etymology 1

Disputed. Possibly related toLatinodor,or alternativelySanskritवास(vāsa,“perfume”).

Pronunciation

• Audio:

  (file)

Noun

osn

1. (uncountable)fumes,vapors(with a particular odor and slightly suffocating, especially from cooking)

   stekos

   greasy [frying]fumes

Declension

Declension ofos
	Singular		Plural
	Indefinite	Definite	Indefinite	Definite
Nominative	os	oset	-	-
Genitive	os	osets	-	-

Etymology 2

FromOld Norseóss.

Noun

osn

1. a rivermouth;the place where a creek, stream or river enters into a lake
2. indefinitegenitivesingularofo

Declension

Declension ofos
	Singular		Plural
	Indefinite	Definite	Indefinite	Definite
Nominative	os	oset	os	osen
Genitive	os	osets	os	osens

See also

• osa

References

• osinSvensk ordbok(SO)
• osinSvenska Akademiens ordlista(SAOL)
• osinSvenska Akademiens ordbok(SAOB)

Anagrams

• SO,so

Volapük

Pronoun

os

1. (impersonal pronoun)it

Welsh

Etymology

o(“if”)+‎-s(“him, her, it, them”)

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key):/ɔs/
• Rhymes:-ɔs

Conjunction

os

1. if(used with factual conditionals, i.e., those that are considered likely or plausible)

   Osydw i’n iawn, yna mae wedi canu arnat ti.

   IfI’m right, then you’re done for.

See also

• pe(used with counterfactual conditionals)

White Hmong

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key):/ʔɒ˩/

Etymology 1

FromProto-Hmong-Mien*ʔap(“duck”),borrowedfromMiddle ChineseÁp(MC'aep,“duck” ).

Noun

os(classifier:tus)

1. aduck

Etymology 2

Interjection

os

1. a final emphatic particle, usually used to express sincerity

   Nyob zoo os.―Hello.

   Tuaj os.―You've come.

   Noj mov os.―Please eat.

References

• Heimbach, Ernest E. (1979)White Hmong — English Dictionary‎^[6],SEAP Publications,→ISBN,page 4.