so

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See also:Appendix:Variations of "so"
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Translingual

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Symbol

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so

  1. (international standards)ISO 639-1language codeforSomali.

See also

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English

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EnglishWikipediahas an article on:
Wikipedia

Etymology 1

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FromMiddle Englishso,swo,zuo,swa,swe,fromOld Englishswā,swǣ,swē(“so, as, the same, such, that”),fromProto-West Germanic*swā,fromProto-Germanic*swa,*swē(“so”),fromProto-Indo-European*swē, *swō(reflexive pronomial stem). Cognate withScotssae(“so”),Saterland Frisianso(“so”),West Frisiansa(“so”),Dutchzo(“so”),German Low Germanso(“so”),Germanso(“so”),Danishså(“so”),Norwegian Nynorskso(“so”),Swedishså(“so, such that”),Faroeseso(“so”),Icelandicsvo(“so”),Old Latinsuad(“so”),Albaniansa(“how much, so, as”),Ancient Greekὡς(hōs,“as”),Urduسو(sō,“hence”).

Pronunciation

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Conjunction

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so

  1. Reduced form of 'so that', used to express purpose;in order that.
    I got an earlier train to worksoI'd have plenty of time to prepare for the meeting.
    Eat your broccolisoyou can have dessert.
  2. With the result that; for that reason;therefore.
    I was hungry,soI asked if there was any more food.
    He ate too much cake,sohe fell ill.
    He wanted a book,sohe went to the library.
    “I need to go to the bathroom.” ― “Sogo!”
    • 1913,Joseph C[rosby] Lincoln,chapter I, inMr. Pratt’s Patients,New York, N.Y., London:D[aniel] Appleton and Company,→OCLC:
      Thinks I to myself, “Sol, you're run off your course again. This is a rich man's summer ‘cottage’[…].”SoI started to back away again into the bushes. But I hadn't backed more'n a couple of yards when I see something so amazing that I couldn't help scooching down behind the bayberries and looking at it.
  3. (informal)Used as a sentence-starting filler or introductory word with no particular meaning.
    “Where were you born?”―“SoI was born in London.”
  4. Used to connect previous conversation or events to the following question.
    Sohow does this story end?
  5. Used to introduce a rhetorical question.
    “We'd like to visit but I don't know if we can afford a hotel.” — “Sowho's staying in a hotel? Stay with us.”
  6. (archaic)Providedthat; on condition that; as long as.
Usage notes
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Chiefly in North American use, acommaorpauseis often used before the conjunction when used in the sensewith the result that.(A similar meaning can often be achieved by using asemicolonorcolon(without theso), as for example:He drank the poison; he died.)

The apparently meaningless use of "so" to begin sentences, such as replies to questions, where there is no relevant sense of "in order that" or "for that reason", has become increasingly common over the early part of the 21st century, and has been widely described as irritating.[4][5][6][7][8].

Synonyms
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Translations
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Seeso/translations § Conjunction.

Adverb

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so(notcomparable)

  1. To the (explicitly stated) extentthat.
    It wassohot outside that all the plants died.
    He wassogood, they hired him on the spot.
    You behavioursoincensed me that I even thought of firing you.
    • 1913,Joseph C[rosby] Lincoln,chapter I, inMr. Pratt’s Patients,New York, N.Y., London:D[aniel] Appleton and Company,→OCLC:
      Thinks I to myself, “Sol, you're run off your course again. This is a rich man's summer ‘cottage’[…].”So I started to back away again into the bushes. But I hadn't backed more'n a couple of yards when I see somethingsoamazing that I couldn't help scooching down behind the bayberries and looking at it.
    • 2013July 20, “Old soldiers?”,inThe Economist,volume408,number8845:
      Whether modern, industrial man is less or more warlike than his hunter-gatherer ancestors is impossible to determine. The machine gun issomuch more lethal than the bow and arrow that comparisons are meaningless.
  2. To the (implied)extent.
    I need a piece of clothsolong. [=thislong]
    There are onlysomany hours in a day.
  3. Very(positive or negative clause).
    I feelsomuch better now.
    Isonearly lost my temper.
    It’s notsobad. [i.e. it's acceptable]
    • 1910,Emerson Hough,chapter I, inThe Purchase Price: Or The Cause of Compromise,Indianapolis, Ind.:The Bobbs-Merrill Company,→OCLC:
      Captain Edward Carlisle[…]felt a curious sensation of helplessness seize upon him as he met her steady gaze,[…];he could not tell what this prisoner might do. He cursed the fate which had assigned such a duty, cursed especially that fate which forced a gallant soldier to meetsosuperb a woman as this under handicapsohard.
  4. Very much.
    But Isowant to see the Queen when she visits our town!
    • 1879,R[ichard] J[efferies],chapter 1, inThe Amateur Poacher,London:Smith, Elder, & Co.,[…],→OCLC:
      Molly the dairymaid came a little way from the rickyard, and said she would pluck the pigeon that very night after work. She was always ready to do anything for us boys; and we could never quite make out why they scolded her so for an idle hussy indoors. It seemedsounjust.
    • 1989,Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles #5,Archie Comics:
      Isowanted to be Jess Harley again.
    • 2003April 16, Michael Stokes, “I, Dude”, inTotally Spies!,season 2, episode 9, spoken by Clover (Andrea Taylor),Marathon Media,viaTeletoon:
      Yeah! Not eating isso90’s!
    1. (informal)at all(negative clause).
      That issonot true!
  5. In a particularmanner.
    Place the napkin on the table justso.If that's what you mean, then sayso;(ordo so).
  6. In the same manner or to the same extent as aforementioned;likewise,also.
    Just as you have the right to your free speech,soI have the right to mine. Many people say she's the world's greatest athlete, but I don't thinkso. "I can count backwards from one hundred." "Socan I. "
    ‘There're another two.’ ‘Sothere are.’
    He wants to eat now.Sodoes she.
    • 1883,Howard Pyle, chapter V, inThe Merry Adventures of Robin Hood[…],New York, N.Y.:[…]Charles Scribner’s Sons[…],→OCLC:
      "Good morrow to thee, jolly fellow," quoth Robin, "thou seemest happy this merry morn." ¶ "Ay, that am I," quoth the jolly Butcher, "and why should I not beso?Am I not hale in wind and limb? Have I not the bonniest lass in all Nottinghamshire? And lastly, am I not to be married to her on Thursday next in sweet Locksley Town? "
    • 1920,Edward Carpenter,Pagan and Christian Creeds,New York: Harcourt, Brace and Co., published1921,page192:
      The work thus done has probably been of the greatest value to the human race; but, just as in other cases it has sometimes happened that the effort to do a certain work has resulted in the end in an unbalanced exaggerationsohere.
    • 2012May 19, Paul Fletcher, “Blackpool 1-2 West Ham”,inBBC Sport:
      It was a goal that meant West Ham won on their first appearance at Wembley in 31 years, in doingsobecoming the first team since Leicester in 1996 to bounce straight back to the Premier League through the play-offs.
    • 2019,Amanda Koci, Henry Walter, Charlie Puth, Maria Smith, Victor Thellm, Gigi Grombacher, Roland Spreckle (lyrics and music), “So Am I”, performed byAva Max:
      it's okay to be different
      'Cause baby,soam I
  7. (withas):To such an extent or degree;as.
    sofar as; solong as; somuch as
Usage notes
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  • Use ofsoin the senseto theimpliedextentis discouraged in formal writing; spoken intonation which might render the usage clearer is not usually apparent to the reader, who might reasonably expect theextentto be made explicit. For example, the reader may expectHe issogoodto be followed by an explanation or consequence of how goodheis. Devices such as use of underscoring and theexclamation markmay be used as a means of clarifying that the implicit usage is intended; capitalisingSOis also used. The derivative subsensesveryandvery muchare similarly more apparent with spoken exaggerated intonation.
  • The difference betweensoandveryin implied-extent usage is thatveryis more descriptive or matter-of-fact, whilesoindicates more emotional involvement. For example,she is very cleveris a simple statement of opinion;she issocleversuggests admiration. Likewise,that is very typicalis a simple statement;that is SO typical of him!is an indictment. A formal (and reserved) apology may be expressedI am very sorry,but after elbowing someone in the nose during a basketball game, a man might say,Dude, I amsosorry!in order to ensure that it's understood as an accident.[1]
Synonyms
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Derived terms
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Translations
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Seeso/translations § Adverb.
References
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  1. ^Mark Liberman,"Ask Language Log: So feminine?",2012 March 26

Adjective

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so(comparativemoreso,superlativemostso)

  1. As what was or will be mentioned.
    That isso.
    You are responsible for this, is that notso?
    • 1908,W[illiam]B[lair]M[orton]Ferguson, chapter IV, inZollenstein,New York, N.Y.:D. Appleton & Company,→OCLC:
      “My Continental prominence is improving,” I commented dryly. ¶ Von Lindowe cut at a furze bush with his silver-mounted rattan. ¶ “Quiteso,”he said as dryly, his hand at his mustache. “I may say if your intentions were known your life would not be worth a curse.”
    • 2008,Leslie T. Chang,Factory Girls: From Village to City in a Changing China‎[9],New York:Spiegel & Grau,→ISBN,→LCCN,→OCLC,→OL,page73:
      The details of her own life crowded out everything else; almost every time I saw Min, she had something new to tell me. It sometimes felt as if the laws of the physical world did not apply to her, that she had only to think of something — a job switch, a breakup — to make itso.If I didn’t see her for a while, she might forget to tell me that she had quit a factory or gotten a raise, because in her mind she had already moved on.
  2. In that state or manner; with that attribute.Aproadjectivethat replaces the aforementionedadjective phrase.
    • 1823,Andrew Reed,Martha:
      If this separation was painful to all parties, it was mostsoto Martha.
    • 1872,Charles Dickens,“The Personal History ofDavid Copperfield”,in(Please provide the book title or journal name):
      But if I had been more fit to be married, I might have made you moresotoo.
    • 1947,Liberty Hyde Bailey,The Standard Cyclopedia of Horticulture:
      It must be understood that while the nelumbiums are hardy, they aresoonly as long as the tubers are out of the reach of frost.
  3. (dated,UK,slang)Homosexual.
    Is heso?
Synonyms
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Derived terms
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Translations
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Seeso/translations § Adjective.

Interjection

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so

  1. Used after a pause for thought to introduce a newtopic,questionorstory,or a new thought or question in continuation of an existing topic.
    Synonyms:look,well,see,hey
    So,let's go home.
    So,what'll you have?
    So,there was this squirrel stuck in the chimney...
    So,everyone wants to know – did you win the contest or not?
    • 1913,Joseph C[rosby] Lincoln,chapter XI, inMr. Pratt’s Patients,New York, N.Y., London:D[aniel] Appleton and Company,→OCLC:
      So,after a spell, he decided to make the best of it and shoved us into the front parlor. 'Twas a dismal sort of place, with hair wreaths, and wax fruit, and tin lambrekins, and land knows what all.
  2. Used as a question to ask for further explanation of something said, often rhetorically or in a dismissive or impolite manner.
    "You park your car in front of my house every morning." — "So?"
  3. Used as a meaningless filler word to begin a response to a question.
    What are you doing? /SoI'm just fixing this shelf.
    What time does the train leave? /Soit leaves at 10 o'clock.
  4. (archaic)Be as you are; stand still;used especially to cows; also used by sailors.
Usage notes
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Though certain uses of "sentence-initial so" had been common for a long time, the perceived excessive use of the word at the start of sentences, such as at the start of answers to questions, became controversial in the 2010s, being described as "annoying".[1][2]

Translations
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Seeso/translations § Interjection.

Etymology 2

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Pronoun

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so

  1. Abbreviationofsomeone.
Synonyms
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  • sb(“somebody”)

Etymology 3

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Shortened fromsol,to make it anopen syllablefor uniformity with the rest of the scale, from Glover'ssolmization,fromMiddle Englishsol(“fifth degree or note of Guido of Arezzo's hexachordal scales”),Italiansolin the solmization of Guido of Arezzo, from the first syllable ofLatinsolve(“wash away”)in the lyrics of the scale-ascending hymnUt queant laxisby Paulus Deacon.

Noun

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so(pluralsos)

  1. (music)A syllable used insolfègeto represent the fifth note of amajor scale.
Translations
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Etymology 4

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Borrowed fromJapaneseTô(so).

Noun

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so(uncountable)

  1. (foods)A type ofdairyproduct, made especially inJapanbetween the seventh and 10th centuries, byreducingmilkbyboilingit.

See also

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Further reading

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References

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  1. ^So, What's The Big Deal With Starting A Sentence With 'So'?
  2. ^[1]

See also

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Anagrams

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Afrikaans

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Alternative forms

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  • soe(Western Cape)

Etymology

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FromDutchzo,fromMiddle Dutchsô,fromOld Dutchsō,fromProto-West Germanic*swā,from a merger ofProto-Germanic*swaand*swē.

Pronunciation

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Adverb

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so

  1. so,likethat/this,thus(in such a way)
  2. so,that,to such an extent

Derived terms

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Äiwoo

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Verb

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so

  1. Tostand(to be in a standing position).

References

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Asturian

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Etymology 1

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FromLatinsub.

Preposition

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so

  1. under
Derived terms
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Etymology 2

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FromLatinsuus(“his, her, its”).

Adjective

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somsg(feminine singularso,neuter singularso,masculine pluralsos,feminine pluralsos)

  1. his,her,its
  2. your(polite)
  3. their

Pronoun

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so

  1. his,hers
  2. yours(polite)
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Etymology 3

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Alternative forms

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Verb

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so

  1. first-personsingularpresentindicativeofser

Bambara

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Etymology 1

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Noun

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so(tonesǒ)

  1. horse
Derived terms
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Etymology 2

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Noun

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so

  1. house,home
Derived terms
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Basque

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Pronunciation

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  • IPA(key):/s̺o/[s̺o]
  • Rhymes:-o
  • Hyphenation:so

Etymology 1

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(Thisetymologyis missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at theEtymology scriptorium.)

Adverb

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so(not comparable)

  1. (chiefly Northern)[withdativeorallative]looking at

Noun

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soinan

  1. (chiefly Northern)look,gaze
Declension
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Declension ofso(inanimate, ending in vowel)
indefinite singular plural
absolutive so soa soak
ergative sok soak soek
dative sori soari soei
genitive soren soaren soen
comitative sorekin soarekin soekin
causative sorengatik soarengatik soengatik
benefactive sorentzat soarentzat soentzat
instrumental soz soaz soez
inessive sotan soan soetan
locative sotako soko soetako
allative sotara sora soetara
terminative sotaraino soraino soetaraino
directive sotarantz sorantz soetarantz
destinative sotarako sorako soetarako
ablative sotatik sotik soetatik
partitive sorik — —
prolative sotzat — —
Derived terms
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Etymology 2

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Interjection

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so

  1. whoa
    Synonyms:iso,esti

Further reading

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Brokskat

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Pronoun

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so

  1. he

Catalan

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Etymology 1

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InheritedfromOld Catalanso~son,fromLatinsonus.CompareOccitanson,Frenchson,Spanishsueno.

Pronunciation

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Noun

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som(pluralsons)

  1. sound
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Etymology 2

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Back-formationfromsons(plural).CompareSpanishsueño,Portuguesesono,fromLatinsomnus.

Alternative forms

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Pronunciation

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Noun

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som(pluralsons)

  1. (Tarragon,Mallorca,Menorca)sleep
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Etymology 3

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Alternative forms

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Pronunciation

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Verb

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so(archaic,Central,Northwest Catalan,Alghero)

  1. first-personsingularpresentindicativeofésser
  2. first-personsingularpresentindicativeofser
Usage notes
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  • This form is still used in certain dialects, such as Algherese.

Etymology 4

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Alternative forms

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  • s'(afterambor sometimesen,before a vowel)
  • es(not afterambor sometimesen)

Pronunciation

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Article

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so

  1. (Mallorca,Ibiza)Alternative form ofes(“the”,masculine singular)(used afteramb(“with”)and sometimesen(“in”),before a consonant)
    Va anar-hi amb so cotxe.―He went there with the car.

References

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Chinese

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Etymology 1

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From clipping ofEnglishjetso,fromCantoneseTrứ sổ／Trứ sổ(zoek6sou3).[1]

Pronunciation

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Noun

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so

  1. (Hong Kong Cantonese)benefit;advantage;bargain;discount

Adjective

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so

  1. (Hong Kong Cantonese)bargain;advantageous

Quotations

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Etymology 2

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(Thisetymologyis missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at theEtymology scriptorium.Particularly: “from socialise?” )

Alternative forms

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Pronunciation

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Verb

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so

  1. (Hong Kong Cantonese)torespond;topay attentionto

Etymology 3

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Pronunciation

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Noun

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so

  1. (Hong Kong Cantonese,in compounds)Alternative form ofsoc(“society”)

References

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  1. ^Lâm kiến bình(2015 February 10) “Đại gia hữu SO!”,inTinh đảo giáo dục võng‎[2]

Corsican

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Etymology

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FromVulgar Latinsum,fromLatinsuum,fromProto-Italic*sowos,fromProto-Indo-European*sewos.Cognates includeItaliansuoandFrenchson.

Pronunciation

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Determiner

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so

  1. his,her,their

Usage notes

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  • sois preceded by a definite article (u,a,i,eorl'):
    Usolibru.―Hisbook.
  • Unlike its French or Italian cognates,sodoes not decline, either by gender or number:
    Usolibru, isolibri.―Hisbook,hisbooks.

References

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  • “so”inINFCOR: Banca di dati di a lingua corsa

Czech

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Pronunciation

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Noun

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so?

  1. Abbreviationofsobota(“Saturday”).

Danish

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Etymology

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FromOld Norsesýr,fromProto-Germanic*sūz,fromProto-Indo-European*sū-.

Noun

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soc(singular definitesoen,plural indefinitesøer)

  1. sow(female pig)
  2. (derogatory)slut

Declension

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Declension ofso
common
gender 		Singular Plural
indefinite definite indefinite definite
nominative so soen søer søerne
genitive sos soens søers søernes

References

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Elfdalian

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Etymology

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FromOld Norsesvá,fromProto-Germanic*swa,*swē.Cognate withSwedishså.

Adverb

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so

  1. so,like that, in that manner
  2. so, to such a degree

Esperanto

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Pronunciation

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Noun

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so(accusative singularso-on,pluralso-oj,accusative pluralso-ojn)

  1. The name of theLatin-scriptletterS/s.

See also

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Faroese

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Etymology

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FromOld Norsesvá,fromProto-Germanic*swa,*swē(“so”),fromProto-Indo-European*swē,*swō(reflexive pronomial stem).

Pronunciation

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Adverb

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so(notcomparable)

  1. so,thus,as
  2. then

Finnish

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Pronunciation

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  • IPA(key):/ˈso(ː)/,[ˈs̠o̞(ː)]
  • Rhymes:-o
  • Syllabification(key):so

Interjection

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so

  1. Alternative form ofsoo

Further reading

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Folopa

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Alternative forms

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Noun

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so

  1. woman

References

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Friulian

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Etymology

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FromLatinsuus.

Pronoun

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so(third-person singular possessive of masculine singular,of feminine singularsô,of masculine pluralsiei,of feminine pluralsôs)

  1. (used attributively)his,her,its;ofhis,hers,its
  2. (used predicatively)his,hers,its
  3. (used substantively)his,hers,its;the thing belonging to him, her,it

See also

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Galician

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Alternative forms

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Etymology

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FromOld Galician-Portugueseso,su,sob,fromLatinsub.

Pronunciation

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Preposition

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so

  1. under,beneath

References

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German

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Etymology

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FromMiddle High Germansō,fromOld High Germansō,fromProto-West Germanic*swā,fromProto-Germanic*swa,*swē,compare withOld DutchsoandDutchzo.

Pronunciation

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Adverb

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so

  1. so,such,that
    Die Leute sindsonett.―People aresonice.
    Dieser Hammer ist nichtsogut.―This hammer is notthatgood.
    Das istsoeine gute Idee!―That issucha good idea!
    soundso―suchandsuch
  2. as(followed by an adjective or adverb pluswiein a statement of equality)
    Er renntsoschnell wie der Blitz.―He runs as fast as lightning.
  3. thus,likethis/that,in this/thatway,in this/thatmanner
    Wenn du den Ballsowirfst, triffst du die Zielscheibe.
    If you throw the ball like this, you'll hit the target.
  4. then(in that case)
    Wirst du wieder gesund,sofreue ich mich.―If you get healthy again, then I'll be happy.
  5. (colloquial)expletive;sometimes intensifying, sometimes with no noticeable meaning
    Wir sind runtergegangen und haben uns hiersohingesetzt.
    We went downstairs and,like,sat down here.

Derived terms

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Conjunction

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so

  1. (coordinating)thus,so,pursuantto theaforementionedpremises
    • 2018,Gerhard Czermak,Eric Hilgendorf,Religions- und Weltanschauungsrecht. Eine Einführung,2nd edition, Springer,→DOI,→ISBN,§ 7 Individuelle Religions- und Weltanschauungsfreiheit Rn. 130, page68:
      Im Einzelnen ist dieAbgrenzungzwischen Bekenntnisfreiheit und Religionsausübungsfreiheit unsicher.Sokann etwa die religiöse Kleidung auch der Religionsausübungsfreiheit zugeordnet werden.
      In detail the difference between freedom of confessing and freedom of practicing religion is insecure.Thusfor instance, religious clothing can be assigned to the freedom of practicing religion as well.
  2. (subordinating,chieflyarchaic,sometimeslawandregional)an,if
    Synonyms:falls,imFalledass,wenn
    Soes Euch beliebt.―If it pleases you.

Particle

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so

  1. (colloquial)quotativeparticle,somewhat similar tobe likebut also combinable with other verbs
    Ichso:"Mach mal dalli!", und er dannso:"Ich bin ja schon dabei!"
    Iwas like,"Hurry up!" and hewas like,"I'm already on it!"
    Ich dachte mir nurso:"Ja komm, lass stecken."
    All I thought to myself [at that moment] was, "Yeah whatever, forget about it."
    • 1998,“Ich so, Er so”,Dendemann(lyrics), performed byEins Zwo:
      Und er so wie aus heiterem Himmelso:Momentchen, da läuft doch Hip-Hop!
      Und ichso:Ja, das ist richtig!
      Und erso:Biste auch Rapper?
      Und ichso:Ja, so Hobby
      Und der Typ so originalso:Oh welch ein Zufall, das bin ich nämlich auch!
      (pleaseadd an English translationof this quotation)
    • 2022May 16, Lou Zucker, “Erwartungen beim Dating: Mehr als das Minimum”, inDie Tageszeitung: taz‎[11],→ISSN:
      Besonders überzeugt hatte mich dieser Moment meines Dates: „Ich habe gesagt: Ich weiß nicht, ob ich mich gerade bereit für Sex fühle. Da lag ich schon halb nackt in seinem Bett. Und erso:Cool, dann können wir ja einfach knutschen und kuscheln! “
      (pleaseadd an English translationof this quotation)

Usage notes

[edit]
  • This quotation particle can be combined with a number of verbs but, somewhat unusually, it doesn't require the clause to contain any predicate at all. In such cases, the meaning is roughly that oftosayin the past tense.

Pronoun

[edit]

so

  1. (obsolete,relative)that,which,who
    Derhalben sind die Christen schuldig, der Obrigkeit unterthan[…]zu seyn in Allem,soohne Sünde geschehen mag.
    That do the Christians owe: to be obedient to the authority[…]in allthatmay be done without sin.
    (Augsburger Bekenntnis)

Synonyms

[edit]

Interjection

[edit]

so

  1. (colloquial)adiscourse markerin the beginning of a sentence indicating atopichaving beendealt withand another beingtackled
    Synonyms:tamam,okay,in Ordnung,fein,gut
    • 1887,Eduard Engel,Griechische Frühlingstage,4th, purer edition, Radebeul bei Dresden: Haupt & Hammon, published1927,page361:
      So,das sind die Entscheidungen der größten Gelehrten über die doch nicht ganz unwichtige Frage, wie eine der Sprachen auszusprechen sei, in der jahraus jahrein in Deutschland gutgezählte 50 000 junge Menschenkinder unterrichtet werden.
      Trotz jenen Entscheidungen ist natürlich noch lange nicht daran zu denken, daß dem Unfug einer als gänzlich falsch erkannten Aussprache des Griechischen ein Ende gesetzt wäre. Der Schlendrian wird auf diesem Gebiete des Schulwesens wohl ebenso lange dauern, wie auf vielen andern; denn bequem ist allerdings jener Schlendrian, nur wissenschaftlich ist er nicht, und unbrauchbar für das Leben ist er obendrein. Die Beseitigung des Schlendrians werde ich wohl nicht mehr erleben, auch dann nicht, wenn Plato selber aus der Asche auferstünde und die deutschen Schulmänner die richtige Aussprache lehrte. Sie würden ihm beweisen, daß er sich irre: er habe in den mehr als zwei Jahrtausenden seit seinem Tode gewiß die richtige Aussprache vergessen; sie aber, die deutschen Oberlehrer und Direktoren, kennten sie ganz genau: sie wäre buchstäblich so wie das Neuhochdeutsche des 20. Jahrhunderts gewesen.
      So these are the reckonings of the greatest scholars about the not quite insignificant question how one of the languages which is taught to about 50 000 young lads per annum should be pronounced.
      In spite of these reckonings by far it is not to think that this buffoonery of an utterly wrong pronunciation of Greek would come to an end. The litherness in this field of schooling will last as long as in many others; for convenient it is forsooth, but scientific it is not, and devoid of use for life ’tis on top. The elimination of this litherness I will not be an observer of in my lifetime, even if Plato himself were to rise from his ashes and teach the pedants the right pronunciation. They would shew him his being at fault: he surely has forgot the right pronunciation; but them, the senior and head teachers know it very well; it would be literally like the New High German of the 20th century.

Further reading

[edit]

Gothic

[edit]

Romanization

[edit]

sō

  1. Romanization of𐍃𐍉

Indonesian

[edit]

Adverb

[edit]

so

  1. Alternative form ofsok

Irish

[edit]

Pronunciation

[edit]

Determiner

[edit]

so

  1. Munsterform ofseo(used after a word ending in a velarized ( "broad" ) consonant)
    • 1939,Peig Sayers, “Inghean an Cheannaidhe”, inMarie-Louise Sjoestedt,Description d’un parler irlandais de Kerry(Bibliothèque de l'École des Hautes Études;270) (overall work in French), Paris: Librairie Honoré Champion, page193:
      Ní raibh aoinne cloinne age n-a muinntir ach í agus do mhéaduigh sin uirrim agus grádh na ndaoine don inghean ógso.
      Her parents had no children but her, and that increased the esteem and love of the people forthisyoung girl.

Further reading

[edit]
  • Ó Dónaill, Niall(1977) “so”,inFoclóir Gaeilge–Béarla,Dublin: An Gúm,→ISBN
  • Nashimoto, Kuninao (2020) “so”,inニューエクスプレスプラス アイルランド ngữ(in Japanese), Tokyo: Hakusuisha,→ISBN,pages17–19


Italian

[edit]

Alternative forms

[edit]
  • sò(misspelling)

Pronunciation

[edit]

Verb

[edit]

so

  1. first-personsingularpresentindicativeofsapere(“I know”)
    Nonloso.―I don'tknow(it).
    Losoio!―(But) Ido(knowit)!

References

[edit]

Jamaican Creole

[edit]

Etymology

[edit]

DerivedfromEnglishso.

Pronunciation

[edit]

Conjunction

[edit]

so

  1. so
    Wa mek unu kip dis-ya ruumsochaka-chaka?
    Why do you keep this roomsountidy?

Particle

[edit]

so

  1. emphasis particle
    yaso
    right here
    deso
    right there

Japanese

[edit]

Romanization

[edit]

so

  1. Thehiraganasyllableそ(so)or thekatakanasyllableソ(so)inHepburnromanization.

Ladino

[edit]

Verb

[edit]

so(Latin spelling)

  1. first-personsingularpresentindicativeofser

Louisiana Creole

[edit]

Etymology

[edit]

Borrowed fromEnglishso.

Pronunciation

[edit]

Interjection

[edit]

so

  1. so(discourse particle)(clarification of this definition is needed)

Luxembourgish

[edit]

Verb

[edit]

so

  1. second-personsingularimperativeofsoen

Mauritian Creole

[edit]

Pronunciation

[edit]

Etymology 1

[edit]

FromFrenchson.

Pronoun

[edit]

so

  1. (possessive)his,her,its,one's

Etymology 2

[edit]

FromFrenchchaud.

Adjective

[edit]

so

  1. hot,warm.
Antonyms
[edit]

Middle Dutch

[edit]

Etymology 1

[edit]

FromOld Dutchsō,fromProto-West Germanic*swā,fromProto-Germanic*swa.

Pronunciation

[edit]

Adverb

[edit]

sô

  1. so,like that, in that manner
  2. so, to such a degree
  3. (so...alse)as
  4. then,in that case
  5. so,therefore

Conjunction

[edit]

sô

  1. if,in the case that
  2. like,as
  3. (so... so)both...and

Descendants

[edit]
  • Dutch:zo
  • Limburgish:zoe,zoea

Etymology 2

[edit]

Weakened form ofsoe.

Pronunciation

[edit]

Pronoun

[edit]

sô

  1. (chiefly Flemish)Alternative form ofsi(“she”)

Further reading

[edit]
  • “so (I)”,inVroegmiddelnederlands Woordenboek,2000
  • “so (II)”,inVroegmiddelnederlands Woordenboek,2000
  • Verwijs, E.,Verdam, J.(1885–1929) “so”,inMiddelnederlandsch Woordenboek,The Hague: Martinus Nijhoff,→ISBN

Middle English

[edit]

Etymology 1

[edit]

FromOld Englishswā,fromProto-West Germanic*swā.

Alternative forms

[edit]

Pronunciation

[edit]

Adverb

[edit]

so

  1. so
Descendants
[edit]
References
[edit]

Etymology 2

[edit]

Pronoun

[edit]

so

  1. (chiefly Northern dialectal)Alternative form ofsche

North Moluccan Malay

[edit]

Alternative forms

[edit]

Etymology

[edit]

FromMalaysudah.

Pronunciation

[edit]

Verb

[edit]

so

  1. perfective aspect,indicating that the process has been accomplished
    Dongsobalajar di skola.
    Theyhavestudied at school.

Northern Sami

[edit]

Etymology

[edit]

Borrowed fromNorwegianså.

Pronunciation

[edit]
This entry needs pronunciation information. If you are familiar with theIPAthen please add some!

Adverb

[edit]

so

  1. so,then,in that case
  2. so, to this or thatextent

Further reading

[edit]
  • Koponen, Eino, Ruppel, Klaas, Aapala, Kirsti, editors (2002–2008),Álgu database: Etymological database of the Saami languages‎[12],Helsinki: Research Institute for the Languages of Finland

Norwegian Nynorsk

[edit]

Alternative forms

[edit]

Etymology

[edit]

FromMiddle Norwegianso,svo,fromOld Norsesvá,fromProto-Indo-European*swa.Akin toEnglishso.

Pronunciation

[edit]

Adverb

[edit]

so

  1. so
    Dei seierso.
    Sothey say.
  2. that
    Eg visste ikkje at dei skulle verasomange.
    I didn't know that they were going to bethatmany.
  3. as
    Sovidt eg veit.
    Asfar as I know.
  4. then
    Eg gjekk på kino.Sogjekk eg heim.
    I went to the movies.ThenI went home.

Conjunction

[edit]

so

  1. so
    Eg barberte meg,soho skulle synast eg var fin.
    I shavedsothat she would think I looked nice.

References

[edit]

Occitan

[edit]

Etymology

[edit]

FromOld Occitanso,fromLatinipsum.

Article

[edit]

so(femininesa,masculine pluralsos,feminine pluralsas)

  1. Alternative form oflo(rare)

Usage notes

[edit]
  • In the Provençal dialect, the masculine and feminine plural issei.

Old Dutch

[edit]

Etymology

[edit]

FromProto-West Germanic*swā,fromProto-Germanic*swa.

Adverb

[edit]

sō

  1. so,like that, in that manner

Descendants

[edit]

Further reading

[edit]
  • “sō (I)”,inOudnederlands Woordenboek,2012

Old Irish

[edit]

Alternative forms

[edit]

Etymology

[edit]

FromProto-Celtic*so(“this”),fromProto-Indo-European*só.

Pronunciation

[edit]

Determiner

[edit]

so

  1. this(used after the noun, which is preceded by thedefinite article)
    ind epistilso―this epistle

Derived terms

[edit]

Descendants

[edit]

Old Saxon

[edit]

Etymology

[edit]

FromProto-West Germanic*swā,fromProto-Germanic*swa.

Adverb

[edit]

sō

  1. so,like that, in that manner

Pali

[edit]

Alternative forms

[edit]
Alternative scripts
Alternative scripts

Pronoun

[edit]

so

  1. he,it

Adjective

[edit]

so

  1. masculinenominativesingularofta(“that”)

Phalura

[edit]

Etymology 1

[edit]

FromSanskritस; सो(sa; so,“nom.sg.masc pron. and pronom. adj. he, that”).

Pronunciation

[edit]

Determiner

[edit]

so(demonstrative,Perso-Arabic spellingسوۡ)

  1. the
  2. that (agr: rem nom masc)

References

[edit]
  • Henrik Liljegren, Naseem Haider (2011) “so”, inPalula Vocabulary(FLI Language and Culture Series; 7)‎[13],Islamabad, Pakistan: Forum for Language Initiatives,→ISBN
  • Turner, Ralph Lilley(1969–1985) “so”,inA Comparative Dictionary of the Indo-Aryan Languages,London: Oxford University Press

Etymology 2

[edit]

(Thisetymologyis missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at theEtymology scriptorium.)

Pronunciation

[edit]

Pronoun

[edit]

so(demonstrative,Perso-Arabic spellingسوۡ)

  1. it
  2. he (rem masc nom)

References

[edit]
  • Henrik Liljegren, Naseem Haider (2011) “so”, inPalula Vocabulary(FLI Language and Culture Series; 7)‎[14],Islamabad, Pakistan: Forum for Language Initiatives,→ISBN

Rawa

[edit]

Noun

[edit]

so

  1. grass

References

[edit]

Romagnol

[edit]

Verb

[edit]

so(Faenza)

  1. first-personsingularpresentindicativeofësar(“to be”)

Romani

[edit]

Pronoun

[edit]

so

  1. what?[1][2]
    Sokerel lesqo papu?
    What is his grandpa doing?

References

[edit]
  1. ^Boretzky, Norbert,Igla, Birgit (1994) “so”, inWörterbuch Romani-Deutsch-Englisch für den südosteuropäischen Raum: mit einer Grammatik der Dialektvarianten(in German), Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz Verlag,→ISBN,page262a
  2. ^Marcel Courthiade (2009) “so? I”, in Melinda Rézműves, editor,Morri angluni rromane ćhibǎqi evroputni lavustik = Első rromani nyelvű európai szótáram: cigány, magyar, angol, francia, spanyol, német, ukrán, román, horvát, szlovák, görög(overall work in Hungarian and English), Budapest: Fővárosi Onkormányzat Cigány Ház--Romano Kher,→ISBN,page327a

Rwanda-Rundi

[edit]

Etymology

[edit]

FromProto-Bantu*có.

Noun

[edit]

sóclass1a(pluralbāsóclass2a)

  1. yourfather
  2. yourpaternaluncle

Sardinian

[edit]

Verb

[edit]

so

  1. first-personsingularpresentindicativeofèssere

Scottish Gaelic

[edit]

Etymology 1

[edit]

Reduced form ofseo.

Pronunciation

[edit]

Pronoun

[edit]

so

  1. Obsoleteform of-sa.
  2. Obsoleteform ofseo.

Etymology 2

[edit]

BorrowedfromEnglishso

Pronunciation

[edit]

Conjunction

[edit]

so

  1. (colloquial,informal)so,therefore
Usage notes
[edit]
  • Highly colloquial and English-influenced; forms such asmar sinare preferred in higher registers.

Serbo-Croatian

[edit]

Alternative forms

[edit]

Etymology

[edit]

InheritedfromProto-Slavic*solь,fromProto-Indo-European*seh₂ls.

Pronunciation

[edit]

Noun

[edit]

sȏf(Cyrillic spellingсо̑)

  1. (Bosnia,Serbia)salt

Declension

[edit]
Declension ofso
singular plural
nominative so / sol soli
genitive soli soli
dative soli solima
accusative so / sol soli
vocative soli soli
locative soli solima
instrumental solju / soli solima

Slavomolisano

[edit]

Etymology

[edit]

FromSerbo-Croatianso.

Pronunciation

[edit]

Noun

[edit]

som

  1. salt

Declension

[edit]
declension ofso(inan series-1b masc cons-stem)
singular plural
nominative so
 sola
genitive sola
 sol,soli
dative solu
 solami,soli
accusative so
 sola
locative solu
 sola
instrumental solom,solam
 solami,soli

References

[edit]
  • Walter Breu and Giovanni Piccoli (2000),Dizionario croato molisano di Acquaviva Collecroce: Dizionario plurilingue della lingua slava della minoranza di provenienza dalmata di Acquaviva Collecroce in Provincia di Campobasso(Parte grammaticale).

Slovak

[edit]

Etymology

[edit]

InheritedfromProto-Slavic*sъ(n).

Pronunciation

[edit]

Preposition

[edit]

so[withinstrumental]

  1. Alternative form ofs
    • 1903,Jozef Gregor Tajovský,Maco Mlieč:
      „Tak vy ste, Maco, celkom spokojnýsoslužbou a plácou? “
      “So, Maco, you are rather satisfiedwiththe service and the wage, aren’t you?”

Usage notes

[edit]
  • Used when the next word begins withs,z,šoržor with a consonant cluster containing one of these consonants. It is also used with the pronounmnou(“me”).

Further reading

[edit]

Slovene

[edit]

Pronunciation

[edit]

Verb

[edit]

sȍ

  1. third-personpluralpresentofbíti

Spanish

[edit]

Pronunciation

[edit]
  • IPA(key):/ˈso/[ˈso]
  • Rhymes:-o
  • Syllabification:so

Etymology 1

[edit]

InheritedfromLatinsub,fromProto-Italic*supo,fromProto-Indo-European*upo.

Preposition

[edit]

so

  1. (archaic)under
Usage notes
[edit]
  • Sois very rare in modern Spanish, surviving only in certain expressions, includingso pena de(“on pain of, under penalty of”),so pretexto deorso color de(“under pretext of”),a so capa(“secretly, with bribery”).

Etymology 2

[edit]

Contractionofseñor(“Sir”).

Pronoun

[edit]

so

  1. (emphatic,derogatory)you
    ¡Sotonto!―Youblithering idiot!
    ¡Soborrachos!―Youbloody drunks!

Etymology 3

[edit]

BorrowedfromEnglishso.

Interjection

[edit]

so

  1. (US,Puerto Rico,Philippines,El Salvador)so

Etymology 4

[edit]

Interjection

[edit]

so

  1. whoa!

Further reading

[edit]

Swedish

[edit]

Etymology

[edit]

FromOld Swedishsō(Old Icelandic/Norwegiansýr), fromOld East Norse*sōʀ,fromProto-Germanic*sūz,fromProto-Indo-European*sū-.Compare the identicalko(Old Icelandic/Norwegiankýr,Old Swedishkō).

Pronunciation

[edit]

Noun

[edit]

soc

  1. (rare)sow(femalepig)

Usage notes

[edit]
  • The more common synonym issugga,especially for the plural form.

Declension

[edit]
Declension ofso
nominative genitive
singular indefinite so sos
definite son sons
plural indefinite sor sors
definite sorna sornas

Synonyms

[edit]

Anagrams

[edit]

Tok Pisin

[edit]

Etymology 1

[edit]

FromEnglishsaw.

Noun

[edit]

so

  1. saw

Etymology 2

[edit]

FromEnglishshow.

Noun

[edit]

so

  1. show

Veps

[edit]

Etymology

[edit]

FromProto-Finnic*soo.

Noun

[edit]

so

  1. swamp,marsh,bog

Inflection

[edit]
Inflection ofso(inflection type 13/ma)
nominative sing. so
genitive sing. son
partitive sing. sod
partitive plur. soid
singular plural
nominative so sod
accusative son sod
genitive son soiden
partitive sod soid
essive-instructive son soin
translative soks soikš
inessive sos soiš
elative sospäi soišpäi
illative soho soihe
adessive sol soil
ablative solpäi soilpäi
allative sole soile
abessive sota soita
comitative sonke soidenke
prolative sodme soidme
approximative I sonno soidenno
approximative II sonnoks soidennoks
egressive sonnopäi soidennopäi
terminative I sohosai soihesai
terminative II solesai soilesai
terminative III sossai —
additive I sohopäi soihepäi
additive II solepäi soilepäi

Derived terms

[edit]

References

[edit]
  • Zajceva, N. G., Mullonen, M. I. (2007) “болото”,inUz’ venä-vepsläine vajehnik / Novyj russko-vepsskij slovarʹ‎[15],Petrozavodsk: Periodika

Vietnamese

[edit]

Pronunciation

[edit]

Etymology 1

[edit]
Thisetymologyis missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at theEtymology scriptorium.
Particularly: “This word had initial*k-ror*c-rin Old Vietnamese: it was written as𨋤(i.e.Xa(MCkjo|tsyhae) +Lư(MClu)).”

Verb

[edit]

so

  1. (transitive)Tocompare.
    Synonym:so sánh
    Sovới bạn thì nó cao hơn.―Compared to his friend, he is taller.
  2. (transitive)Topair up.
    sođũa―to pair up chopsticks
  3. (intransitive)Tostraightenone'sshoulders,as if tocompareone's height to another's.
See also
[edit]
Derived terms

Etymology 2

[edit]

Comparesơ(Sơ,“first” ).

Adjective

[edit]

so

  1. firstborn
    conso―firstborn child
    chửa conso―to be pregnant for the first time
    trứng gàso―a chicken's first egg (usually a small egg)
Derived terms
[edit]

Etymology 3

[edit]

Noun

[edit]

(classifiercon)so

  1. mangrove horseshoe crab(Carcinoscorpius rotundicauda)
See also
[edit]
Derived terms

Volapük

[edit]

Adverb

[edit]

so

  1. so

Welsh

[edit]

Pronunciation

[edit]

Verb

[edit]

so(not mutable)

  1. (South Wales)inflection ofbod:
    1. second/third-personsingularpresentnegativecolloquial
    2. first/second/third-personpluralpresentnegativecolloquial
    Sofe’n credu.
    Hedoesn’tthink so.

Usage notes

[edit]

Unlike other negative verb forms, this form—andsa,which is used for the first-person singular—is not complemented byddimafter the subject.

Xhosa

[edit]

Pronoun

[edit]

-so

  1. Combining stem ofsona.

Zulu

[edit]

Pronoun

[edit]

-so

  1. Combining stem ofsona.
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