system

See also:Systemandsystém

English

WOTD – 9 May 2019

Etymology

Thesolar system(sense 1.6)

Musical notationindicating a system(sense 1.3),which consists of atreble staff(top)and abass stafflinked by abrace(left)

The humandigestive system(sense 1.4)

PartlyborrowedfromMiddle Frenchsisteme,systeme,partly directly from itsetymonLate Latinsystēma(“harmony; musical scale; set of celestial objects; set of troops; system”),fromAncient Greekσύστημα(sústēma,“musical scale; organized body; whole made of several parts or members”),fromσῠνίστημῐ(sunístēmi,“to combine, organize”)+-μᾰ(-ma,resultative suffix).σῠνίστημῐis fromσῠν-(sun-,“with, together”)+ἵστημι(hístēmi,“to stand”),fromProto-Indo-European*steh₂-(“to stand (up)”).

Cognate withDutchsysteem,modernFrenchsystème,GermanSystem,Italiansistema,Portuguesesistema,Spanishsistema.Doubletofsystema.

Pronunciation

• enPR:sĭsʹtəm,IPA^(key):/ˈsɪstəm/

• Audio(General American):

  (file)

• Audio(General Australian):

  (file)

• Rhymes:-ɪstəm
• Hyphenation:sys‧tem

Noun

system(pluralsystems)

1. Agrouporsetofrelatedthingsthatoperatetogether as acomplexwhole.[from early 17th c.]

   Synonyms:arrangement,complex,composition,organization,set up,structure

   • 1838(date written),L[etitia] E[lizabeth] L[andon], chapter IX, inLady Anne Granard; or, Keeping up Appearances.[…],volume I, London:Henry Colburn,[…],published1842,→OCLC,page112:

     Every age has its characteristic, and our present one is not behind its predecessors in that respect; it is the age ofsystems,everysystemenforced by a treatise. The politician who opposes the corn-laws and advocates free trade, does so on asystem,which, as soon as it begins to work, will set the civilized world to rights.

   • [1848],J[ames] A[lexander] Hamilton,“Stave”, inA New Musical Grammar, in Three Parts: viz. Notation; Harmony and Counterpoint; Rhythm or Melody,4th edition, London: Published only byRobert Cocks and Co.[…];sold also by Messrs. Simpkin, Marshall, and Co.[…],→OCLC,part I (Notation),page23:

     The bass and treble clefs combined, include all the sounds belonging to our musicalsystem,as they appear on a 6½-octave pianoforte, extending from C C C in the bass to F in altissimo.

   • 2013May–June, Charles T. Ambrose, “Alzheimer’s Disease: The Great Morbidity of the 21st Century”, inAmerican Scientist‎^[3],volume101,number 3, archived fromthe originalon24 April 2013,page200:

     Similar studies of rats have employed four different intracranial resorbable, slow sustained releasesystems—surgical foam, a thermal gel depot, a microcapsule or biodegradable polymer beads.

   1. (computing)Asetofhardwareandsoftwareoperatingin acomputer.
      • 2019February 3, “UN Study: China, US, Japan Lead World AI Development”, inVoice of America‎^[4],archived fromthe originalon7 February 2019:

        WIPO [theWorld Intellectual Property Organization] reported that China had 17 of the top 20 academic organizations filing forAI-related patents. It noted China was especially strong in the fast-growing area of "deep learning." This is a machine learning method that includes speech and facial recognitionsystems.

   2. (mathematics)A set ofequationsinvolving the samevariables,which are to besolvedsimultaneously.
      • 2017,Ken Levasseur, Al Doerr, “More Matrix Algebra”, inApplied Discrete Structures – Part 2: Algebraic Structures: Version 3.3,[Morrisville, N.C.]:Lulu.com,→ISBN,section 12.1.1 (Solutions),page59:

        The method of solvingsystemsof equations by matrices that we will look at is based on procedures involving equations that we are familiar with from previous mathematics courses. The main idea is to reduce a givensystemof equations to another simpler system that has the same solutions.

   3. (music)A set ofstaveslinkedby abracethatindicateinstrumentsorsoundsthat are to beplayedsimultaneously.
      • 2015,Meinhard Müller, “Music Representations”, inFundamentals of Music Processing: Audio, Analysis, Algorithms, Applications,Cham, Switzerland, Heidelberg:Springer International Publishing,→DOI,→ISBN,section 1.1.2 (Western Music Notation),page 8:

        To notate music that is played on a piano or is played by different musicians on various instruments, one often uses several staves to notate the various musical voices. A single vertical line drawn to the left of multiple staves creates astaffsystem,which indicates that the music on all staves is to be played simultaneously. A bracket is an additional vertically aligned symbol joining staves. This symbol shows groupings of instruments that function as a unit, such as the string section of an orchestra[…].

   4. (physiology)A set ofbodyorganshaving a particularfunction.

      the digestivesystem  the nervoussystem

      • 1995,Terence J. Dawson, “Living in the Environment – Feeding”, inKangaroos: Biology of the Largest Marsupials,Ithaca, N.Y.: Comstock Publishing Associates,Cornell University Press,published1998,→ISBN,page102:

        Animals have evolved a variety of digestivesystemsto utilise fibre. The kangaroos have evolved a digestivesystemthat has much in common with those found in ruminant mammals from other continents, but there are also unique features.

   6. (multiplicity)A set ofaltersof a person, or themultiple(“anindividualwithmultiple personalities”)whocontainsthem.

      Synonym:multiple

      • 1995,Stephen E. Braude,First Person Plural: Multiple Personality and the Philosophy of Mind,revised edition, Lanham, Md., London:Rowman & Littlefield Publishers,→ISBN,page56:

        But that alter often turns out to be relatively recent and fairly peripheral in the multiple's totalsystemof alters.

      • 2017,“A New Therapist”, in Patricia Frankish,Valerie Sinason,editors,Holistic Therapy for People with Dissociative Identity Disorder,London: Karnac Books,→ISBN,page79:

        Rosie's courage allowed her to engage with me quickly and soon provided reassurance to others in thesystemthat I was safe and non-abusive. Soon after, a number of other alters made themselves known to me.[…]I was initially very worried that I would offend thesystemby missing when switches occurred, or even misidentify who was present with me.

      • For more quotations using this term, seeCitations:system.
   7. (astronomy)A system in which two or more objects are bound to each other bygravity.

      There are eight planets in the solarsystem.

      • 2012,BioWare,Mass Effect 3(Science Fiction), Redwood City: Electronic Arts,→OCLC,PC, scene: Yukawa, Euler system:

        Yukawa is a small rock planet with a thin atmosphere of carbon dioxide. After a labor dispute with companies shipping metallic asteroids to the nearby Arcturussystem,Yukawa's iron core and blanket of hematite were briefly mined to aid in the construction of Arcturus Station.

   8. (philosophy)Acomprehensiveandlogicallyorganized set ofpropositionsor philosophicalbeliefs.
      • 2019,David McIlwain,Michael Oakeshott and Leo Strauss: The Politics of Renaissance and Enlightenment,→ISBN,page131, note 5:

        In the footnote attached to this statementRosenrefers to the “hypnotic” quality ofKojève’ssystem.

   9. (derogatory)Preceded by the wordthe:themainstreamculture,controlledby theelitesorgovernmentof astate,or acombinationof them, seen asoppressiveto theindividual.
      • 1919,Vance Marshall,Jail From Within,page20:

        Some had already been incarcerated for several months awaiting trial, and some were being returned to their cells at Long Bay to wait several months longer ere they would have an` opportunity of disproving the allegations against them. Such mockery of justice is allowed by the all-powerful "system".

      • 1986,Madonna,Stephen Bray,Patrick Leonard(lyrics and music), “Where's the Party”, inTrue Blue,performed by Madonna:

        Don't want to grow old too fast / Don't want to let thesystemget me down / I've got to find a way to make the good times last / And if you'll show me how, I'm ready now

   10. (roleplaying games)A set ofrulesfor atabletoproleplaying game.
2. Amethodorwayoforganizingorplanning.

   Followers should have asystemto follow that works in their interests, not against them.

   • 1749,Henry Fielding,“In which Fortune Seems to have been in a Better Humour withJonesthan We have hitherto Seen Her”, inThe History of Tom Jones, a Foundling,volume IV, London:A[ndrew]Millar,[…],→OCLC,book VIII,page253:

     But ſo Matters fell out, and ſo I muſt relate them; and if any Reader is ſhocked at their appearing unnatural, I cannot help it. I must remind ſuch Persons, that I am not writing aSyſtem,but a Hiſtory, and I am not obliged to reconcile every Matter to the received Notions concerning Truth and Nature.

   • 1915,G[eorge] A. Birmingham[pseudonym; James Owen Hannay], chapter I, inGossamer,New York, N.Y.:George H. Doran Company,→OCLC,pages13–14:

     As a politicalsystemdemocracy seems to me extraordinarily foolish, but I would not go out of my way to protest against it. My servant is, so far as I am concerned, welcome to as many votes as he can get. I would very gladly make mine over to him if I could.

   • 2012March–April,John T[homas] Jost,“Social Justice: Is It in Our Nature (and Our Future)?”, inAmerican Scientist‎^[5],volume100,number 2, archived fromthe originalon21 June 2017,page162:

     He draws eclectically on studies of baboons, descriptive anthropological accounts of hunter-gatherer societies and, in a few cases, the fossil record. With this biological framework in place,[Peter] Corningendeavors to show that the capitalistsystemas currently practiced in the United States and elsewhere is manifestly unfair.

Usage notes

In attributive use, especially relating to computer systems, the plural is more common than the singular; one normally speaks of asystems engineerand not asystem engineer.

Hyponyms

• absolute system
• Abt system
• alarm system
• apothecaries' system
• aqueferous system
• Ardois system
• automated driving system
• automatic leveling system
• Bayer system
• belief system
• Bertillon system
• Bessey system
• Bethesda system
• binary system
• biological system
• block system
• brigade system
• bulletin-board system
• Caland system
• cardiovascular system
• Chappe system
• Chautauqua system
• circulatory system
• climate system
• clipper system
• clock system
• closed system
• color coordinate system
• complex adaptive system
• complex system
• computer system
• conceptual system
• contract system
• coordinate system
• Copernican system
• Crofton system
• Cronquist system
• crystalsistem
• cultural system
• cyber-physical system
• decimal system
• design system
• dynamical system
• economic system
• ecosystem
• Edelcrantz system
• electrical system
• embedded system
• ethical system
• exhaust system
• expert system
• filing system
• fire alarm system
• fire system
• fly system
• formal system
• Ganz system
• Ghent system
• global positioning system
• Havesian system
• Hennebique system
• hire system
• honor system
• hyperbolic navigation system
• imperial system
• information system
• inquisitorial system
• intelligent transportation system
• intercom system
• inverse system
• isolated system
• issue tracking system
• lay system
• legacy stsem
• legal system
• lightning protection system
• linear system
• logical system
• management system
• metric system
• moral system
• mountain system
• multi-agent system
• nervous system
• nominal type system
• open system
• operating system
• padrino system
• Palladius system
• patronage system
• physical system
• piece system
• platoon system
• plumbing system
• political system
• proof system
• prototype-based system
• Ptolemaic system
• purchase system
• Pythagorean system
• range safety system
• rapid response system
• reaction control system
• Reed-Kellogg system
• reputation system
• reward system
• ring system
• Schillinger system
• sealed system
• security system
• sensory system
• Simon system
• Smith system
• social system
• sociotechnical system
• Solar System
• space power system
• Speenhamland system
• spoils system
• sprinkler system
• squeaky wheel system
• staff system
• Steiner system
• subsystem
• Swiss system
• taxonomic system
• time-delay measuring system
• travel system
• type system
• value system
• warden system
• Westminster system
• writing system
• X0 system
• XX-XY system
• XY system
• ZW system
• ZZ-ZW system

Derived terms

• absolute system
• absorption system
• Abt system
• adaptive immune system
• advanced train control system
• adversarial system
• agrisystem
• agrosystem
• airport system
• alarm system
• apothecaries' system
• aquiferous system
• Auburn system
• automatic leveling system
• autonomic nervous system
• axiomatic system
• axiom system
• Bayer system
• beat the system
• belief system
• Bertillon system
• Bessey system
• binary numeral system
• binary star system
• biosystem
• brigade system
• buddy system
• bulletin board system
• cardiovascular system
• central nervous system
• chronosystem
• circulatory system
• cistem
• climate system
• closed circulatory system
• closed system
• combined braking system
• complement system
• contention system
• content management system
• contract system
• cryosystem
• cryptosystem
• crystal system
• cyber transport system
• cyclosystem
• database management system
• decimal system
• deposystem
• diasystem
• direct system
• document management system
• double star system
• drainage system
• dynamic system
• ecosystem
• eigensystem
• electoral system
• eliminatory system
• endocrine system
• enteric nervous system
• ethical system
• excretory system
• exhaust system
• exosystem
• extended real number system
• extrasolar system
• fatal system error
• feudal system
• file system
• filing system
• fire system
• fly system
• game the system
• gaming the system
• geographic information system
• geosystem
• global distribution system
• GPS system
• Greek system
• ground proximity warning system
• Haversian system
• Hennebique system
• heterosystem
• Hindley-Milner type system
• hire system
• honor system
• honour system
• h-system
• hydrostatic pressure relief system
• hydrosystem
• hyperbolic navigation system
• immune system
• immunosystem
• imperial system
• incident ticket system
• infosystem
• innate immune system
• inquisitorial system
• instrument landing system
• intake system
• integumentary system
• intelligent system
• intelligent transportation system
• international system
• intrasystem
• inverse system
• Isherwood system
• issue tracking system
• iterated function system
• karaoke system
• Labouchère system
• learning content management system
• legacy system
• limbic system
• Lindenmayer system
• linear system
• logical system
• L-system
• lymphatic system
• macrosystem
• management system
• mancude-ring system
• mesoscale convective system
• mesosystem
• metasystem
• microelectromechanical system
• microsystem
• mini hi-fi system
• moral system
• multiple star system
• multisystem
• name-based type system
• nanoelectromechanical system
• neurosystem
• never change a running system
• nominal type system
• nominative type system
• nonsystem
• number system
• oblique system of coordinates
• one-party system
• open circulatory system
• open-field system
• organ system
• oscillating wave test system
• out of one's system
• package management system
• padrino system
• parasympathetic nervous system
• PA system
• pathosystem
• perfect system
• peripheral nervous system
• photosystem
• piece system
• planetary system
• platoon system
• play the system
• plural system
• pollution permit system
• polysystem
• present system
• primary life support system
• proof system
• public address system
• Pupin's system
• Pupin system
• purchase system
• Pythagorean system
• quadruple star system
• real number system
• Reed-Kellogg system
• renin-angiotensin system
• reproductive system
• respiratory system
• Rhesus system
• ring system
• root system
• satellite navigation system
• Schillinger system
• sealed system
• second-system effect
• second-system syndrome
• security system
• servosystem
• shadow banking system
• shitstem
• shock to the system
• Simon system
• single star system
• sociotechnical system theory
• Solar system
• Sol system
• solsystem
• somatic nervous system
• sound system
• space power system
• Sperner system
• split-system air conditioner
• squeaky wheel system
• staff system
• Steiner system
• stellar system
• studio system
• subsystem
• sub-system
• supersystem
• supplemental restraint system
• support ticket system
• Swiss system
• sympathetic nervous system
• sys
• system administrator
• system architecture
• systematic
• systematisation,systematization
• systematise,systematize
• system bus
• system dynamics
• systemic
• systemical
• systemin
• systemization
• systemless
• system-monger
• systemness
• system of equations
• system on a chip
• system-on-chip
• system operator
• system pull
• system pull
• systempunkt
• system sales
• systems art
• systems biology
• systems categories
• systems ecology
• system seller
• systems engineering
• systems of measurement
• system software
• systems science
• systems theory
• system time
• system tray
• system unit
• system-wide,systemwide
• systemwise
• taxonomic system
• terrain awareness and warning system
• thermodynamic system
• three-party system
• track and bowl system
• travel system
• tribosystem
• trinary star system
• tripartite system
• triple star system
• trouble ticket system
• two-party system
• type system
• unified type system
• urinary system
• value system
• vegetative nervous system
• vestibular system
• voting system
• warden system
• water vascular system
• Westminster parliamentary system
• Westminster system
• work the system
• world-system
• writing system
• X0 system
• x-system
• XX-XY system
• XY system
• zombie system
• ZW system
• ZZ-ZW system
• π-system

Descendants

• →Japanese:システム(shisutemu)

Translations

group or set of related things that operate together as a complex whole

• Albanian:sistem(sq)m
• Arabic:نِظَام(ar)m(niẓām),جِهَازm(jihāz)(anatomy)

  Egyptian Arabic:نظامm(neẓām),سيستمm(sestem)

• Armenian:համակարգ(hy)(hamakarg)
• Asturian:sistemam
• Azerbaijani:sistem(az)
• Belarusian:сістэ́маf(sistéma),сыстэ́маf(systéma)
• Bengali:সিস্টেম(śisṭem),রীতি(bn)(riti),পদ্ধতি(bn)(poddhoti)
• Bulgarian:систе́ма(bg)f(sistéma)
• Burmese:နည်း(my)(nany:),စနစ်(my)(ca.nac)
• Catalan:sistema(ca)m
• Cebuano:pamaagi
• Chinese:

  Cantonese:Hệ thống／Hệ thống(hai⁶tung²),Thể hệ／Thể hệ(tai²hai⁶)

  Mandarin:Hệ thống／Hệ thống(zh)(xìtǒng),Chế độ(zh)(zhìdù),Thể hệ／Thể hệ(zh)(tǐxì)

• Czech:systém(cs)m,soustava(cs)f
• Danish:system(da)n
• Dutch:systeem(nl)n,stelsel(nl)n
• Esperanto:sistemo,komplekso
• Estonian:menetlus,süsteem(et)
• Finnish:järjestelmä(fi)
• French:système(fr)m
• Galician:sistema(gl)m
• Georgian:სისტემა(sisṭema)
• German:System(de)n,Ordnung(de)f,Verbund(de)m
• Greek:σύστημα(el)n(sýstima)

  Ancient:σύστημαn(sústēma)

• Hebrew:שִׁיטָה(he)f(shitá)
• Higaonon:pamaagi
• Hindi:रीति(hi)(rīti),क्रम(hi)(kram),सारणी(hi)(sārṇī),सिस्टमm(sisṭam),प्रणाली(hi)f(praṇālī),तरीक़ा(hi)m(tarīqā)(method),सिरिश्ता(hi)m(siriśtā),निजाम(hi)m(nijām)
• Hungarian:rendszer(hu),szisztéma(hu)
• Icelandic:kerfi(is)n
• Ido:sistemo(io)
• Indonesian:sistem(id)
• Interlingua:systema
• Irish:córasm
• Italian:sistema(it)m
• Japanese:Hệ thống(ja)(けいとう, keitō),Hệ(ja)(けい, kei),Chế độ(ja)(せいど, seido),Thể hệ(ja)(たいけい, taikei)
• Kazakh:жүйе(jüie)
• Khmer:ប្រព័ន្ធ(km)(prɑpŏən)
• Korean:체계( thể hệ )(ko)(chegye),제도( chế độ )(ko)(jedo),계통( hệ thống )(ko)(gyetong)
• Kyrgyz:система(ky)(sistema),тутум(tutum)
• Lao:ລະບົບ(lo)(la bop)
• Latin:systēma(la)f
• Latvian:sistēmaf
• Lithuanian:sistema(lt)f
• Macedonian:системm(sistem)
• Malay:sistem(ms)
• Maltese:sistema
• Maori:pūnaha
• Mongolian:

  Cyrillic:журам(mn)(žuram)

• Norwegian:

  Bokmål:system(no)n

  Nynorsk:systemn

• Occitan:sistèma(oc)m
• Oromo:sirna
• Persian:سیستم(fa)(sistem),منظومه(fa)(manzume),سامانه(fa)(sâmâne)
• Polish:układ(pl)f,system(pl)m
• Portuguese:sistema(pt)m
• Romanian:sistem(ro)n
• Russian:систе́ма(ru)f(sistéma)
• Sanskrit:व्यवस्थm(vyavastha),क्रम(sa)m(krama)
• Scots:seestem
• Scottish Gaelic:siostamm
• Serbo-Croatian:

  Cyrillic:су́ставm,сѝсте̄мm

  Roman:sústav(sh)m,sìstēm(sh)m

• Sindhi:سِرِشتو(sd)m(sirishtow)
• Slovak:systémm,sústavaf
• Slovene:sistemm
• Spanish:sistema(es)m
• Swabian:Sischdem
• Swahili:mfumo(sw)
• Swedish:system(sv)n
• Tagalog:sistema(tl),kaayusan
• Tajik:систем(sistem)
• Telugu:వ్యవస్థ(te)?(vyavastha)
• Thai:ระบบ(th)(rá-bòp)
• Turkish:usul(tr),sistem(tr),düzen(tr)
• Turkmen:sistema
• Ukrainian:систе́ма(uk)f(systéma)
• Urdu:نظامm(nizām)
• Uyghur:سىستېما(sistëma)
• Uzbek:tizim(uz),sistema(uz)
• Vietnamese:hệ thống(vi)(Hệ thống)
• Volapük:sitot(vo)
• Welsh:system(cy)morf
• West Frisian:systeemn,stelsel
• Yiddish:סיסטעםf(sistem)

(computing) set of hardware and software operating in a computer

• Chinese:

  Mandarin:Hệ thống／Hệ thống(zh)(xìtǒng)

• Finnish:järjestelmä(fi)
• Hungarian:rendszer(hu)
• Kazakh:жүйе(jüie)
• Portuguese:sistema(pt)m
• Russian:систе́ма(ru)f(sistéma)

(mathematics) set of equations to be solved simultaneously

• Bulgarian:систе́ма(bg)f(sistéma)
• Chinese:

  Mandarin:Phương trình tổ／Phương trình tổ(zh)(fāngchéngzǔ)

• Finnish:yhtälöryhmä(fi)
• Galician:sistema(gl)m
• Hungarian:egyenletrendszer(hu)
• Persian:دستگاه(fa)(dastgâh)
• Russian:систе́ма(ru)f(sistéma)

(music) set of staves indicating instruments or sounds to be played simultaneously

• Chinese:

  Mandarin:Phổ biểu tổ／Phổ biểu tổ(pǔbiǎozǔ)

• Finnish:viivastoryhmä
• German:Akkolade(de)f

(physiology) set of body organs having a particular function

• Chinese:

  Mandarin:Hệ thống／Hệ thống(zh)(xìtǒng)

• Finnish:elimistö(fi)
• French:système(fr)
• Hungarian:szervrendszer(hu)
• Italian:sistema(it)
• Japanese:Khí hệ(きけい, kikei)
• Kazakh:жүйе(jüie)
• Kurdish:

  Northern Kurdish:koendamf

• Malay:sistem(ms)
• Polish:układ(pl)m
• Portuguese:sistema(pt)m
• Russian:систе́ма(ru)f(sistéma)
• Spanish:sistema(es)

mainstream culture

• Finnish:systeemi(fi),yhteiskunta(fi)
• Hungarian:rendszer(hu)
• Portuguese:sistema(pt)m

method or way of organizing

• Bulgarian:организа́ция(bg)f(organizácija),поря́дък(bg)m(porjádǎk)
• Finnish:järjestelmä(fi)
• German:System(de)n
• Hungarian:rendszer(hu)
• Kazakh:жүйе(jüie)
• Portuguese:sistema(pt)m
• Russian:систе́ма(ru)f(sistéma)

See also

• network

Further reading

• systemon Wikipedia.Wikipedia

Anagrams

• stymes

Danish

Etymology

From lateLatinsystēma,fromAncient Greekσύστημα(sústēma,“organised whole, body”),fromσύν(sún,“with, together”)+ἵστημι(hístēmi,“I stand”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key):/systeːm/,[syˈsd̥eːˀm]

Noun

systemn(singular definitesystemet,plural indefinitesystemer)

1. system

Declension

Declension ofsystem

neuter gender	Singular		Plural
	indefinite	definite	indefinite	definite
nominative	system	systemet	systemer	systemerne
genitive	systems	systemets	systemers	systemernes

See also

• systemon the Danish Wikipedia.Wikipedia^da

References

• “system”inDen Danske Ordbog

French

Etymology

FromEnglishsystem.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key):/sis.tɛm/
• Homophone:système

Noun

systemm(pluralsystems)

1. Word used instar system

Kashubian

Etymology

BorrowedfromPolishsystem.Doubletofsystema,a borrowing from German.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key):/ˈsis.tɛm/
• Rhymes:-istɛm
• Syllabification:sys‧tem

Noun

systemf

1. Synonym ofsystema.

Further reading

• Eùgeniusz Gòłąbk (2011) “system”, inSłownik Polsko-Kaszubski / Słowôrz Pòlskò-Kaszëbsczi‎^[6]

Norwegian Bokmål

Etymology

FromAncient Greekσύστημα(sústēma).

Noun

systemn(definite singularsystemet,indefinite pluralsystemorsystemer,definite pluralsystemaorsystemene)

1. asystem

Derived terms

• datasystem
• kjølesystem
• kloakksystem
• koordinatsystem
• nervesystem
• operativsystem
• solsystem
• varslingssystem
• værsystem
• økosystem

References

• “system”inThe Bokmål Dictionary.

Norwegian Nynorsk

Etymology

FromAncient Greekσύστημα(sústēma).

Noun

systemn(definite singularsystemet,indefinite pluralsystem,definite pluralsystema)

1. asystem

Derived terms

• datasystem
• kjølesystem
• kloakksystem
• koordinatsystem
• nervesystem
• operativsystem
• solsystem
• varslingssystem
• økosystem

References

• “system”inThe Nynorsk Dictionary.

Polish

Alternative forms

• systema(obsolete)

Etymology

BorrowedfromFrenchsystème.First attested in 1628.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key):/ˈsɘs.tɛm/

• (Middle Polish)IPA^(key):/ˈsɨs.tɛm/,/ˈsɨs.tem/

• Audio:

  (file)

• Rhymes:-ɘstɛm
• Syllabification:sys‧tem

Noun

systemminan(diminutivesystemik,related adjectivesystemowy)

1. system(collection of organized things; whole composed of relationships among its members)

   Synonym:układ

2. (technology)system(set of devices and tools as a whole)
3. (physiology)system(set of body organs having a particular function)

   Synonym:układ

4. (literary,philosophy)system(comprehensive and logically organized set of propositions or philosophical beliefs)

   Near-synonym:teoria

5. system(method or way of organizing or planning)

   Near-synonym:metoda

6. (government)system(elites or government of a state)

   Synonym:ustrój

7. (mathematics)system(set of equations involving the same variables, which are to be solved simultaneously)
8. (computing)system(set of hardware and software operating in a computer)
9. (geology)formation(layer of rock of common origin)
10. (astronomy)system(planetary system; a set of planets orbiting a star or star system)

    Synonym:układ

11. (obsolete,music)system(set of staves linked by a brace that indicate instruments or sounds that are to be played simultaneously)

Declension

Declension ofsystem

	singular	plural
nominative	system	systemy
genitive	systemu	systemów
dative	systemowi	systemom
accusative	system	systemy
instrumental	systemem	systemami
locative	systemie	systemach
vocative	systemie	systemy

Derived terms

nouns

• proporcjonalny system wyborczy
• system argentyński
• system operacyjny
• system pozycyjny

Related terms

adjective

• systematyczny

adverbs

• systematycznie
• systemowo

noun

• systematyczność

Trivia

According toSłownik frekwencyjny polszczyzny współczesnej(1990),systemis one of the most used words in Polish, appearing 62 times in scientific texts, 26 times in news, 76 times in essays, 0 times in fiction, and 1 time in plays, each out of a corpus of 100,000 words, totaling 165 times, making it the 348th most common word in a corpus of 500,000 words.

Further reading

• systeminWielki słownik języka polskiego,Instytut Języka Polskiego PAN
• systemin Polish dictionaries at PWN
• Samuel Bogumił Linde(1807–1814) “systema”,inSłownik języka polskiego
• Aleksander Zdanowicz(1861) “system”,inSłownik języka polskiego, Wilno 1861
• J. Karłowicz,A. Kryński,W. Niedźwiedzki,editors (1915), “system”,inSłownik języka polskiego(in Polish), volume 6, Warsaw, page545

Swedish

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key):/syst.eːm/

• Audio:

  (file)

Noun

systemn

1. asystem,a way ormethodof organizing items and knowledge
2. acomputersystem (primarily its hardware)
3. a system of restricted sales ofalcohol,including state-owned monopoly shops

Declension

Declension ofsystem

		nominative	genitive
singular	indefinite	system	systems
	definite	systemet	systemets
plural	indefinite	system	systems
	definite	systemen	systemens

Hyponyms

• datorsystem
• ekosystem
• Göteborgssystem
• koordinatsystem
• operativsystem
• sexualsystem
• Stockholmssystem
• tipssystem

Derived terms

• systemanalys
• systemanrop
• systematik
• systematiker
• systematisera
• systematisering
• systematisk
• systembildning
• systembolag
• systembutik
• systembyggande
• systembyggnad
• systemenhet
• systemera
• systemerare
• systemering
• systemfel
• systemförvaltning
• systemkamera
• systemkasse
• systemkritik
• systemkritiker
• systemkritisk
• systemleverantör
• systemlös
• systemlösning
• systemman
• systemprogram
• systemprogrammering
• systempåse
• systemskifte
• systemteknik
• systemtippning
• systemtips
• systemutveckling

References

• systeminSvenska Akademiens ordlista(SAOL)

Anagrams

• mysets

Welsh

Alternative forms

• sustem

Etymology

FromEnglishsystem.

Pronunciation

• (North Wales)IPA^(key):/ˈsɨ̞sdɛm/,[ˈsɨ̞stɛm]
• (South Wales)IPA^(key):/ˈsɪsdɛm/,[ˈsɪstɛm]

Noun

systemf(pluralsystemau,not mutable)

1. system

   Synonym:cyfundrefn

Usage notes

Being a word borrowed from English derived from Greek, theyinsystemis pronounced /ɨ̞, ɪ/ rather than expected /ə/. To preserve consistency between pronunciation and spelling, some prefer to spell this wordsustem.Nevertheless,systemis the more common spelling of the two. Seepyramid/puramid,symbol/sumbol,synthesis/sunthesisfor similar examples.

Derived terms

• systematig(“systematic”)

Further reading

• R. J. Thomas, G. A. Bevan, P. J. Donovan, A. Hawke et al., editors (1950–present), “system”,inGeiriadur Prifysgol Cymru Online(in Welsh), University of Wales Centre for Advanced Welsh & Celtic Studies